Why incompetent people think they're amazing - David Dunning

11,925,895 views ・ 2017-11-09

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: JI YOON HONG κ²€ν† : MinJi Kang
이 μ˜μƒμ€ 우리 Patreonλ“€μ˜ λ„μ›€μœΌλ‘œ μ œμž‘λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:07
Are you as good at things as you think you are?
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ€ μžμ‹ μ΄ μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒλ§ŒνΌ 일을 잘 ν•˜λ‚˜μš”?
00:10
How good are you at managing money?
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돈 κ΄€λ¦¬λŠ” μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μž˜ν•˜λ‚˜μš”?
00:13
What about reading people's emotions?
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ 감정을 μ½μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ€μš”?
00:16
How healthy are you compared to other people you know?
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μ£Όμœ„ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€κ³Ό λΉ„κ΅ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ 당신은 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κ±΄κ°•ν•œκ°€μš”?
00:20
Are you better than average at grammar?
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문법 μ‹€λ ₯은 ν‰κ· μ΄μƒμΈκ°€μš”?
μš°λ¦¬κ°€ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λŠ₯λ ₯ 있고
00:23
Knowing how competent we are
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00:24
and how are skill stack up against other people's
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ— λΉ„ν•΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ›°μ–΄λ‚œμ§€ μ•ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것은
00:27
is more than a self-esteem boost.
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λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μžλΆ€μ‹¬μ„ μ˜¬λ €μ£ΌλŠ” 것 μ΄μƒμ˜ 일을 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
It helps us figure out when we can forge ahead on our own decisions and instincts
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이것은 슀슀둜의 κ²°μ •κ³Ό λ³ΈλŠ₯에 따라 λΉ λ₯΄κ²Œ 일을 μΆ”μ§„ν• μ§€
00:34
and when we need, instead, to seek out advice.
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ νƒ€μΈμ˜ 쑰언을 ꡬ해야 ν• μ§€ ꡬ뢄 ν•  수 있게 ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
But psychological research suggests that we're not very good
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 심리연ꡬ에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 자기 슀슀둜λ₯Ό
00:42
at evaluating ourselves accurately.
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μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 것을 μž˜ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•œλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
In fact, we frequently overestimate our own abilities.
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사싀, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μžμ‹ μ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯을 μ’…μ’… κ³ΌλŒ€ν‰κ°€ν•˜κ³€ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
Researchers have a name for this phenomena,
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연ꡬ원듀은 μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ ν˜„μƒμ„
00:52
the Dunning-Kruger effect.
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"더닝 크루거 효과"라고 λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
This effect explains why more than 100 studies
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이 νš¨κ³ΌλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ™œ 100κ°œκ°€ λ„˜λŠ” μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ
00:58
have shown that people display illusory superiority.
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μžμ‹ μ΄ μš°μ›”ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 착각에 λΉ μ‘ŒλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
We judge ourselves as better than others
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μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μŠ€μŠ€λ‘œκ°€ 타인듀보닀 λ›°μ–΄λ‚˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ”λ°
01:04
to a degree that violates the laws of math.
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이 κ³ΌλŒ€ν‰κ°€μ˜ μ •λ„λŠ” μˆ˜ν•™μ˜ 법칙듀을 λ¬΄μ‹œν•  μ •λ„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:08
When software engineers at two companies were asked to rate their performance,
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두 νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ μ†Œν”„νŠΈμ›¨μ–΄ μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ
κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 업무λŠ₯λ ₯을 슀슀둜 ν‰κ°€ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
01:12
32% of the engineers at one company and 42% at the other
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ν•œ νšŒμ‚¬μ—μ„œ μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ“€μ˜ 32%와
λ‹€λ₯Έ νšŒμ‚¬μ˜ μ—”μ§€λ‹ˆμ–΄λ“€μ˜ 42%λŠ”
01:17
put themselves in the top 5%.
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μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ 업무λŠ₯λ ₯이 μƒμœ„ 5%이내라고 λŒ€λ‹΅ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
In another study, 88% of American drivers
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλ„ 88%의 미ꡭ인 μš΄μ „μžλ“€μ΄
01:25
described themselves as having above average driving skills.
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κ·Έλ“€ 슀슀둜 μžμ‹ μ΄ 평균 μ΄μƒμ˜ μš΄μ „ μ‹€λ ₯을 κ°€μ‘Œλ‹€κ³  λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
These aren't isolated findings.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 결과듀은 ν•œ λ‘˜μ΄ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
On average, people tend to rate themselves better than most
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일반적으둜 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μžμ‹ μ΄ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ³΄λ‹€
01:34
in disciplines ranging from health, leadership skills, ethics, and beyond.
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건강, 리더십, 윀리, 그리고 κ·Έ μ™Έ μ—¬λŸ¬ λΆ€λΆ„μ—μ„œ 더 λ‚«λ‹€κ³  ν‰κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
What's particularly interesting is that those with the least ability
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특히 ν₯λ―Έλ‘œμ› λ˜ 것은 κ°€μž₯ λŠ₯λ ₯이 μ—†λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
01:45
are often the most likely to overrate their skills to the greatest extent.
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μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯을 κ°€μž₯ κ³ΌλŒ€ν‰κ°€ν•œλ‹€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
People measurably poor at logical reasoning,
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무언가에 μœ λ‚œνžˆ μ·¨μ•½ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€, 예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄ 논리적인 μΆ”λ‘ ,
01:53
grammar,
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문법,
01:54
financial knowledge,
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μž¬λ¬΄κ΄€λ¦¬μ§€μ‹,
01:55
math,
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01:55
emotional intelligence,
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μˆ˜ν•™,
곡감 λŠ₯λ ₯,
01:57
running medical lab tests,
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μž„μƒμ‹€ν—˜μ„ μ§„ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 것,
01:59
and chess
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그리고 μ²΄μŠ€μ™€ 같은
02:00
all tend to rate their expertise almost as favorably as actual experts do.
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각 λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ λŠ₯λ ₯이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
거의 μ „λ¬Έκ°€λ“€λ§ŒνΌμ΄λ‚˜ μžμ‹ μ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯을 λ†’κ²Œ ν‰κ°€ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
So who's most vulnerable to this delusion?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ λˆ„κ°€ μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 망상에 κ°€μž₯ μ·¨μ•½ν• κΉŒμš”?
02:11
Sadly, all of us because we all have pockets of incompetence
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μŠ¬ν”„κ²Œλ„ 정닡은 우리 λͺ¨λ‘μΈλ° μ™œλƒν•˜λ©΄
μš°λ¦¬λŠ” μžμ‹ λ„ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” μ·¨μ•½ν•œ λΆ„μ•Όκ°€ ν•˜λ‚˜μ”© 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:15
we don't recognize.
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02:18
But why?
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그런데 μ™œ κ·ΈλŸ΄κΉŒμš”?
02:19
When psychologists Dunning and Kruger first described the effect in 1999,
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μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μž 더닝과 ν¬λ£¨κ±°λŠ” 이 효과λ₯Ό 1999년에 처음 λ°œν‘œν–ˆκ³ 
02:24
they argued that people lacking knowledge and skill in particular areas
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νŠΉμ •λΆ„μ•Όμ˜ 지식과 λŠ₯λ ₯이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
02:28
suffer a double curse.
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이쀑고에 μ‹œλ‹¬λ¦°λ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
First, they make mistakes and reach poor decisions.
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첫 μ§Έ, 그듀은 μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  잘λͺ»λœ 결둠에 λ„λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
But second, those same knowledge gaps also prevent them from catching their errors.
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λ‘˜ μ§Έ, 그듀은 λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ 지식 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 였λ₯˜λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ •ν•˜μ§€λ„ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:40
In other words, poor performers lack the very expertise needed
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λ‹€μ‹œ λ§ν•˜μžλ©΄, μ–΄μ„€ν”ˆ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μžμ‹ μ—κ²Œ ν•„μš”ν•œ 전문지식이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•˜μ—¬
02:44
to recognize how badly they're doing.
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슀슀둜 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λΆ€μ‘±ν•œμ§€λ₯Ό μΈμ‹ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:47
For example, when the researchers studied
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ΄
02:49
participants in a college debate tournament,
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ν•œ λŒ€ν•™ ν† λ‘  λŒ€νšŒμ˜ μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ,
02:51
the bottom 25% of teams in preliminary rounds
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μ˜ˆμ„ μ „μ—μ„œ ν•˜μœ„ 25%에 μ†ν–ˆλ˜ νŒ€λ“€μ΄
02:55
lost nearly four out of every five matches.
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5κ²½κΈ° 쀑 4κ²½κΈ°μ—μ„œ νŒ¨λ°°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
But they thought they were winning almost 60%.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그듀은 60%정도 이기고 μžˆλ‹€κ³  잘λͺ» μƒκ°ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
WIthout a strong grasp of the rules of debate,
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ν† λ‘ μ˜ κ·œμΉ™μ„ μ™„μ „νžˆ νŒŒμ•…ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆλ˜ 이 학생듀은
03:06
the students simply couldn't recognize when or how often
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μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ μ£Όμž₯이 μ–Έμ œ, 그리고 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 자주
03:09
their arguments broke down.
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엉망이 λ˜μ–΄ λ²„λ¦¬λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„μ°¨λ¦¬μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
The Dunning-Kruger effect isn't a question of ego blinding us to our weaknesses.
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더닝 ν¬λ£¨κ±°νš¨κ³ΌλŠ” μš°λ¦¬κ°€ 약점을 보지 λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“œλŠ”
μžμ‘΄μ‹¬μ— κ΄€ν•œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
People usually do admit their deficits once they can spot them.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 보톡 약점을 λ°œκ²¬ν•˜λ©΄ 그것을 μΈμ •ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
In one study, students who had initially done badly on a logic quiz
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ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 논리 ν€΄μ¦ˆμ—μ„œ μ²˜μŒμ— 성적이 μ’‹μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜λ˜ 학생듀이
03:25
and then took a mini course on logic
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짧은 μ½”μŠ€μ˜ 논리학 κ°•μ’Œλ₯Ό λ“£κ³  λ‚˜μ„œ
03:28
were quite willing to label their original performances as awful.
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μžμ‹ μ˜ 처음의 λ¬Έμ œν’€μ΄κ°€ λ”μ°ν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 것을 기꺼이 μΈμ •ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μ•„λ§ˆ 이것이 λ³΄ν†΅μ˜ μ‹€λ ₯μ΄λ‚˜ κ²½ν—˜μ„ κ°€μ§„ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄
03:34
That may be why people with a moderate amount of experience or expertise
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03:38
often have less confidence in their abilities.
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μžμ‹ μ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯을 덜 κ³ΌλŒ€ν‰κ°€ν•˜λŠ” 이유일 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
They know enough to know that there's a lot they don't know.
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그듀은 μžμ‹ μ΄ λͺ¨λ₯΄λŠ” 것이 λ§Žλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œμ •λ„λ‘œλŠ” λ˜‘λ˜‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
Meanwhile, experts tend to be aware of just how knowledgeable they are.
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ν•œνŽΈ, 전문가듀은 μžμ‹ λ“€μ΄ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ λ°•ν•™λ‹€μ‹ν•œμ§€ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ§€μš”.
03:49
But they often make a different mistake:
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ 그듀은 μ’…μ’… 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
they assume that everyone else is knowledgeable, too.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ λ°•ν•™λ‹€μ‹ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:56
The result is that people, whether they're inept or highly skilled,
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κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄λ‚˜ λŠ₯λ ₯이 μ›”λ“±ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
04:00
are often caught in a bubble of inaccurate self-perception.
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λΆ€μ •ν™•ν•œ μžκΈ°μΈμ‹μ΄λΌλŠ” κ±°ν’ˆ 속에 μ‚¬λ‘œμž‘νžˆκ³  λ§™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:04
When they're unskilled, they can't see their own faults.
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λŠ₯λ ₯이 λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μžμ‹ μ˜ 결점을 보지 λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
When they're exceptionally competent,
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μ •λ§λ‘œ 유λŠ₯ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
04:09
they don't perceive how unusual their abilities are.
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μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μžμ‹ μ˜ λŠ₯λ ₯이 νŠΉλ³„ν•œμ§€ μΈμ‹ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
So if the Dunning-Kruger effect is invisible to those experiencing it,
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만일 더닝 크루거 νš¨κ³Όκ°€ 이λ₯Ό κ²½ν—˜ν•˜λŠ” μ΄μ—κ²Œ 보이지 μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€λ©΄,
04:18
what can you do to find out how good you actually are at various things?
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μ—¬λŸ¬λΆ„μ΄ μ–΄λ–€ 것에 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ μ†Œμ§ˆμ΄ μžˆλŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό
μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ•Œμ•„λ‚Ό 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:24
First, ask for feedback from other people,
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첫째, λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ˜κ²¬μ„ μš”μ²­ν•˜μ—¬ 듀어보고
04:27
and consider it, even if it's hard to hear.
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그것에 λŒ€ν•΄ μ‹ μ€‘νžˆ μƒκ°ν•΄λ³΄μ„Έμš”. 그게 듣기에 속상할 μ§€λΌλ„μš”.
04:30
Second, and more important, keep learning.
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λ‘˜ μ§Έ, 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 계속 λ°°μ›Œλ‚˜κ°€λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:33
The more knowledgeable we become,
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μ•„λŠ” 것이 λ§Žμ•„μ§ˆμˆ˜λ‘
04:34
the less likely we are to have invisible holes in our competence.
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우리의 λŠ₯λ ₯의 λΆ€μ‘±ν•œ 뢀뢄을 μ±„μ›Œλ‚˜κ°ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
Perhaps it all boils down to that old proverb:
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μ˜› 속담 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ 정리할 수 μžˆκ² λ„€μš”.
04:43
When arguing with a fool,
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바보와 λ…ΌμŸν•  λ•ŒλŠ”
04:44
first make sure the other person isn't doing the same thing.
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μƒλŒ€λ°©μ΄ λ‚˜μ™€ 같은 λ…ΌμŸμ„ ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ§€ μ•Šλ‹€λŠ” κ±Έ μ•Œμ•„μ•Όν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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