A day in the life of an ancient Egyptian doctor - Elizabeth Cox

6,511,748 views ・ 2018-07-19

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Minjeong Lee κ²€ν† : Ran Hee Back
00:07
It’s another sweltering morning in Memphis, Egypt.
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μ΄μ§‘νŠΈ λ©€ν”ΌμŠ€μ˜ μ–΄λŠ λ¬΄λ”μš΄ 여름 λ‚ 
00:10
As the sunlight brightens the Nile, Peseshet checks her supplies.
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νƒœμ–‘ 빛이 λ‚˜μΌ 강에 λΉ„μΉ˜κ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œ
νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ€ 챙겨야 ν•  물건듀을 ν™•μΈν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:14
Honey,
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00:14
garlic,
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κΏ€, 마늘, μΏ λ―Ό, μ•„μΉ΄μ‹œμ•„ 잎, μ‚Όλͺ©μœ ...
00:15
cumin,
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00:16
acacia leaves,
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00:17
cedar oil.
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00:19
She’s well stocked with the essentials she needs to treat her patients.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” ν™˜μžλ“€μ„ μΉ˜λ£Œν•  λ•Œ ν•„μš”ν•œ μž¬λ£Œλ“€μ„ 잘 μ±™κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:23
Peseshet is a swnw, or a doctor.
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νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ€ μ΄μ§‘νŠΈμ–΄λ‘œ μˆ˜λˆ„ 즉, μ˜μ‚¬μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
In order to become one,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ˜μ‚¬κ°€ 되기 μœ„ν•΄ μ„œκΈ° 곡뢀λ₯Ό ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆκ³ 
00:27
she had to train as a scribe
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00:29
and study the medical papyri stored at the Per Ankh, the House of Life.
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생λͺ…μ˜ 집인 페λ₯΄μ•™ν¬μ— λ³΄κ΄€λΌμžˆλ˜ μ˜ν•™ νŒŒν”Όλ£¨μŠ€λ₯Ό 곡뢀해야 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
Now, she teaches her own students there.
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이제 κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 생λͺ…μ˜ μ§‘μ—μ„œ μžμ‹ μ˜ 학생듀을 κ°€λ₯΄μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:37
Before teaching, Peseshet has a patient to see.
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νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ€ μˆ˜μ—…μ— κ°€κΈ° 전에 ν™˜μžλ₯Ό λ³΄λŸ¬κ°€μ•Ό ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
One of the workers at the temple construction site has injured his arm.
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사원을 μ§“λ˜ 쀑 인뢀 ν•œ λͺ…이 νŒ”μ„ λ‹€μ³€κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”.
00:44
When Peseshet arrives,
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νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ΄ ν˜„μž₯에 λ„μ°©ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
00:46
the laborer’s arm is clearly broken,
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μΈλΆ€μ˜ νŒ”μ€ μ™„μ „νžˆ λΆ€λŸ¬μ Έ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
and worse, the fracture is a sed, with multiple bone fragments.
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심지어 λΌˆλŠ” 산산이 λΆ€μ„œμ§„ μƒνƒœμ˜€μ£ .
00:53
Peseshet binds and immobilizes the injury.
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νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ€ ν™˜μžμ˜ νŒ”μ„ 움직이지 λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ κ³ μ •μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:56
Her next stop is the House of Life.
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λ‹€μŒμœΌλ‘œ κ°€μ•Ό ν•  곳은 생λͺ…μ˜ μ§‘μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
On her way, a woman intercepts Peseshet in the street.
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그런데 도쀑에 ν•œ 여성이 νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ˜ μ•žμ„ κ°€λ‘œλ§‰μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
The woman’s son has been stung by a scorpion.
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κ·Έλ…€μ˜ 아듀이 μ „κ°ˆμ—κ²Œ λ¬Όλ ΈκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:05
Peseshet has seen many similar stings and knows exactly what to do.
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νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ€ λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ 사둀λ₯Ό 많이 λ΄μ™”μœΌλ©°
μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ •ν™•νžˆ μ•Œκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
She must say an incantation to cast the poison out.
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독을 뽑아내기 μœ„ν•΄ λ¨Όμ € 주문을 μ™Έμ›Œμ•Ό ν–ˆμ£ .
01:14
She begins to recite the spell,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 주문을 μ™Έμš°λ©° μ„Έλ₯΄μΌ€νŠΈλ₯Ό λΆ€λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
invoking Serqet, patron of physicians and goddess of venomous creatures.
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λ°”λ‘œ μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ˜ 수호자이자 독을 κ°€μ§„ μƒλ¬Όλ“€μ˜ 여신이죠.
01:21
Peseshet recites the spell as if she is Serqet.
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νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ€ μ„Έλ₯΄μΌ€νŠΈκ°€ 된 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 주문을 μ™Έμ›λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:25
This commanding approach has the greatest chance at success.
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 주문을 μ™Έμš°λ©΄ 성곡 ν™•λ₯ μ΄ λ†’μ•„μ§‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
After she utters the last line,
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주문을 마칠 λ•Œμ―€
01:31
she tries to cut the poison out with a knife for good measure.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 칼을 μ΄μš©ν•΄ 독을 λ½‘μ•„λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
Peseshet packs up to leave, but the woman has another question.
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νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ€ λ– λ‚  채비λ₯Ό ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 여성이 μ΄μ–΄μ„œ λ˜λ‹€μ‹œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
She wants to find out if she is pregnant.
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여성은 μžμ‹ μ˜ μž„μ‹  μ—¬λΆ€λ₯Ό μ•Œκ³  μ‹Άμ–΄ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
Peseshet explains her fail-safe pregnancy test:
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νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ€ μžμ‹ λ§Œμ˜ μ•ˆμ „ν•œ μž„μ‹  ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈ 방법을 μ„€λͺ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:46
plant two seeds: one barley, one emmer.
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땅에 보리와 에머 밀을 심고
κ·Έ μœ„μ— 맀일 μ†Œλ³€μ„ λ΄…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
Then, urinate on the seeds every day.
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01:52
If the plants grow, she’s pregnant.
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식물이 μžλž€λ‹€λ©΄ μž„μ‹ ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
01:54
A barley seedling predicts a baby boy,
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보리가 μžλž€λ‹€λ©΄ 아듀이고
01:57
while emmer foretells a girl.
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에머 밀이 μžλž€λ‹€λ©΄ 딸을 μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
Peseshet also recommends a prayer to Hathor, goddess of fertility.
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νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ€ λ‹€μ‚°μ˜ μ—¬μ‹  ν•˜ν† λ₯΄μ—κ²Œ κΈ°λ„ν•˜λŠ” 것도 μžŠμ§€ 말라고 μ „ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
When Peseshet finally arrives at the House of Life,
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νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ΄ λ“œλ””μ–΄ 생λͺ…에 집에 λ„μ°©ν•˜μž
02:07
she runs into the doctor-priest Isesi.
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μ˜μ‚¬μ΄μž μ‚¬μ œμΈ μ΄μ„Έμ‹œμ™€ λ§ˆμ£Όμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
She greets Isesi politely, but she thinks priests are very full of themselves.
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ΄μ„Έμ‹œμ—κ²Œ μ •μ€‘ν•˜κ²Œ μΈμ‚¬ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ†μœΌλ‘  μ‚¬μ œλ“€μ΄ μ˜€λ§Œν•˜λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
She doesn’t envy Isesi’s role as neru pehut,
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μ΄μ„Έμ‹œμ˜ 넀루 νŽ˜ν›„νŠΈ 직책도 λΆ€λŸ¬μ›€μ˜ λŒ€μƒμ΄ μ•„λ‹ˆμ£ .
02:17
which directly translates to herdsman of the anus to the royal family,
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넀루 νŽ˜ν›„νŠΈλ₯Ό μ§μ—­ν•˜λ©΄
μ•„λˆ„μŠ€ μ™•μ‘±μ˜ λͺ©μž λ˜λŠ” μ•„λˆ„μŠ€ μ™•μ˜ 수호자λ₯Ό μ˜λ―Έν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:22
or, guardian of the royal anus.
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02:25
Inside, the House of Life is bustling as usual with scribes,
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생λͺ…μ˜ μ§‘ μ•ˆμ—λŠ” 보톡
μ„œκΈ°μ™€ μ‚¬μ œ, μ˜μ‚¬, 그리고 ν•™μƒλ“€λ‘œ λΆμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
priests,
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02:30
doctors,
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02:31
and students.
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02:32
Papyri containing all kinds of records, not just medical information,
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그리고 μ˜ν•™ μ •λ³΄λΏλ§Œ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ—¬λŸ¬κ°€μ§€κ°€ 기둝된 νŒŒν”Όλ£¨μŠ€κ°€
02:36
are stored here.
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이곳에 λ³΄κ΄€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ§€μš”.
νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ˜ 아듀인 아켓헀텝은 λ¬Έμ„œμ˜ 필사본 μ œμž‘μ— μ—΄μ€‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:38
Peseshet’s son Akhethetep is hard at work copying documents
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02:42
as part of his training to become a scribe.
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μ„œκΈ°κ°€ 되기 μœ„ν•œ ν›ˆλ ¨μ˜ μΌν™˜μ΄μ£ .
02:44
He’s a particularly promising student,
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κ·ΈλŠ” μ•„μ£Ό μœ λ§ν•œ ν•™μƒμ΄μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
02:46
but he was admitted to study because Peseshet is a scribe,
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μ΄λŠ” νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ΄ μ„œκΈ°μ˜€κΈ°μ— κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μΌμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
as was her father before her.
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νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ˜ 아버지가 그랬던 κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ λ§μ΄μ§€μš”.
02:52
Without family in the profession,
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κ°€μ‘± 쀑에 직업을 κ°€μ§„ μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ μ—†λ‹€λ©΄
02:54
it’s very difficult for boys, and impossible for girls,
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곡뢀λ₯Ό μ΄μ–΄λ‚˜κ°€λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ“€μ—κ²ŒλŠ” μ–΄λ €μš΄ μΌμ΄μ—ˆκ³ 
02:57
to pursue this education.
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λ”Έμ—κ²ŒλŠ” λΆˆκ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μΌμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
Peseshet oversees all the female swnws and swnws-in-training in Memphis.
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νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ€ λ©€ν”ΌμŠ€μ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μ—¬μ„± μˆ˜λˆ„μ™€ μ—¬μ„± κ²¬μŠ΅μƒλ“€μ„ κ°λ…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:04
The men have their own overseer,
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남성 μˆ˜λˆ„λŠ” λ”°λ‘œ 남성 감독관이 μžˆλŠ”λ°
03:06
as the male doctors won’t answer to a woman.
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그듀이 μ—¬μ„±κ³Ό 이야기 ν•˜λŠ” 것을 κΊΌλ ΈκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
였늘 νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ€ 해뢀학에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ μˆ˜μ—…ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:10
Today, Peseshet teaches anatomy.
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03:12
She quizzes her students on the metu,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” ν•™μƒλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ©”νˆ¬μ— κ΄€ν•΄ μ§ˆλ¬Έν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
the body’s vessels that transport blood,
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λ©”νˆ¬λŠ” λͺΈ μ†μ˜ ν˜ˆκ΄€μœΌλ‘œ, 피와 곡기, μ†Œλ³€
03:17
air,
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03:17
urine,
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03:18
and even bad spirits.
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μ‹¬μ§€μ–΄λŠ” λ‚˜μœ μ˜ν˜ΌκΉŒμ§€ μš΄λ°˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
Peseshet is preparing to leave
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νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ΄ 생λͺ…μ˜ 집을 막 λ– λ‚˜λ €λ˜ 차에
03:22
when a pale, thin woman accosts her at the door and begs to be examined.
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μ•ˆμƒ‰μ΄ μ°½λ°±ν•˜κ³  μ•Όμœˆ 여성이 닀가와 검진을 λΆ€νƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
The woman has a huge, sore lump under her arm.
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κ·Έ 여성은 νŒ” μ•„λž˜μͺ½μ— 크게 λΆ€μ–΄μ˜€λ₯Έ μ’…κΈ°κ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
Peseshet probes the growth and finds it cool to the touch
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νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ΄ μ’…κΈ°λ₯Ό 찬찬히 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ³΄λ‹ˆ λ§Œμ Έλ„ λœ¨κ²μ§€ μ•Šκ³ 
03:33
and hard like an unripe hemat fruit.
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덜 읡은 ν”Ό 과일처럼 λ”±λ”±ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
She has read about ailments like this, but never seen one.
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λΉ„μŠ·ν•œ μ§ˆλ³‘μ— λŒ€ν•œ 글은 많이 λ΄€μ§€λ§Œ 이런 μ’…κΈ°λŠ” 처음 λ³΄λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
03:39
For this tumor there is no treatment, medicine or spell.
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이 쒅기에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” μ–΄λ– ν•œ μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ΄λ‚˜ μ•½ λ˜λŠ” 주문같은 것도 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
All the texts give the same advice: do nothing.
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λͺ¨λ“  λ¬Έμ„œμ—λŠ” 같은 쑰언이 κΈ°λ‘λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
아무것도 ν•˜μ§€ λ§λΌλŠ” κ±°μ˜€μ£ .
03:47
After delivering the bad news, Peseshet goes outside.
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μ—¬μ„±μ—κ²Œ λ‚˜μœ μ†Œμ‹μ„ μ „ν•œ λ’€ νŽ˜μ„Έμƒ·μ€ λ°–μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
She lingers on the steps of the House of Life,
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κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 생λͺ…μ˜ μ§‘ 계단에 μž μ‹œ μ„œμ„œ ν™©ν˜Όμ— 잠긴 λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό κ°μƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
admiring the city at dusk.
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03:55
In spite of all her hard work,
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κ·Έλ…€κ°€ 아무리 μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ λ…Έλ ₯해도
03:57
there will always be patients she can’t help,
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도움을 쀄 수 μ—†λŠ” ν™˜μžκ°€ 항상 있기 λ§ˆλ ¨μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
like the woman with the tumor.
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μ•„κΉŒ μ§„μ°°ν–ˆλ˜ κ·Έ μ—¬μ„±μ²˜λŸΌ λ§μ΄μ§€μš”.
04:02
They linger with her, but Peseshet has no time to dwell.
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이것이 λ§ˆμŒμ— κ±Έλ Έμ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ…€λŠ” 머뭇거릴 μ‹œκ°„μ΄ μ—†μ—ˆμ–΄μš”.
04:05
In a few short weeks,
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λͺ‡ μ£Ό 후에
λ§€λ…„ μ°Ύμ•„μ˜€λŠ” λ‚˜μΌ κ°•μ˜ λ²”λžŒμ΄ μ‹œμž‘λ  것이기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”.
04:07
the Nile’s annual flooding will begin,
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04:09
bringing life to the soil for the next year’s harvest
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λ‚˜μΌ κ°•μ˜ λ²”λžŒμ€ 땅에 생λͺ…을 λΆˆμ–΄λ„£μ–΄ μ΄λ“¬ν•΄μ˜ μˆ˜ν™•μ„ ν’μ„±ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ£Όλ©°
04:11
and a whole new crop of patients.
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ν™˜μžλ“€μ„ μœ„ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μž‘λ¬Όλ“€μ„ νƒ„μƒμ‹œν‚¬ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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