Which is better: Soap or hand sanitizer? - Alex Rosenthal and Pall Thordarson

5,315,825 views ใƒป 2020-05-05

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:07
Your hands, up close, are anything but smooth.
0
7807
3320
ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ืžืงืจื•ื‘, ื”ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ืœื ื—ืœืงื•ืช.
00:11
With peaks and valleys, folds and rifts,
1
11127
2800
ืขื ื’ื‘ืขื•ืช ื•ื’ืื™ื•ืช, ืงืคืœื™ื ื•ืชื”ื•ืžื•ืช,
00:13
there are plenty of hiding places for a virus to stick.
2
13927
4304
ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื—ื‘ื•ื ืœื•ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ืœื”ื“ื‘ืง.
00:18
If you then touch your face, the virus can infect you.
3
18231
3610
ืื ืืชื ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืื– ื‘ืคื ื™ื, ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืืชื›ื.
00:21
But there are two extraordinarily simple ways you can keep that from happening:
4
21841
4725
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช:
00:26
soap and water, and hand sanitizer.
5
26566
2868
ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื, ื•ืžื—ื˜ื ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
00:29
So which is better?
6
29434
2580
ืื– ืžื™ ืžื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ?
ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืืช COVID-19
00:32
The coronavirus that causes COVID-19
7
32014
2850
00:34
is one of many viruses whose protective outer surface is made of a lipid bilayer.
8
34864
6154
ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืจื‘ื” ื•ื™ืจื•ืกื™ื ืฉืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื’ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืžื“ื• ืฉื›ื‘ื” ืฉื•ืžื ื™ืช.
ื”ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื“ืžื•ื™ื™ื•ืช ืกื™ื›ื” ืฉืจืืฉืŸ ืžื•ืฉืš ืžื™ื,
00:41
These lipids are pin shaped molecules whose heads are attracted to water,
9
41018
5359
00:46
and tails are repulsed by it.
10
46377
2910
ื•ื”ื–ื ื‘ื•ืช ื“ื•ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื.
00:49
So in water-rich environments, lipids naturally form a shell like this,
11
49287
5481
ืื– ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืžื™ื, ื”ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืขื˜ื” ื›ื–ื”,
00:54
with the heads outside and the tails inside.
12
54768
3540
ืขื ื”ืจืืฉ ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ ื•ื”ื–ื ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืคื ื™ื.
00:58
Their shared reaction to water makes the lipids stick loosely togetherโ€”
13
58308
5383
ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืžื™ื ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืฉื•ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ื“ื‘ืง ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื•ืคืฃ --
01:03
this is called the hydrophobic effect.
14
63691
3710
ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ื”ืืคืงื˜ ื”ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืคื•ื‘ื™.
01:07
This outer structure helps the molecular machinery of the virus
15
67401
4357
ื”ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื”ื–ื” ืขื•ื–ืจ ืœืžื ื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก
01:11
break through cellular membranes and hijack our cells.
16
71758
4294
ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ืžืžื‘ืจื ื•ืช ื”ืชืื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืชืื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
01:16
But it has thousands upon thousands of weak points
17
76052
3520
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืœืคื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ืœืฉื•ืช
01:19
where the right molecules could pry it apart.
18
79572
3610
ื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืคืจื“.
01:23
And this is where soap comes in.
19
83182
2980
ื•ืคื” ื”ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ืœืชืžื•ื ื”.
01:26
A single drop of any brand of soap contains quadrillions of molecules
20
86162
5627
ื˜ื™ืคื” ืื—ืช ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืžื›ื™ืœื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช
01:31
called amphiphiles, which resemble biological lipids.
21
91789
4562
ืฉื ืงืจืื•ืช ืืžืคื™ืคื™ืœื™ื, ืฉื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืฉื•ืžื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื.
01:36
Their tails, which are similarly repulsed by water,
22
96351
3810
ื”ื–ื ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื ื“ื—ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื“ื•ืžื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™ื,
01:40
compete for space with the lipids that make up the virusโ€™s shell.
23
100161
4429
ื•ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขื ื”ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ืžืขื˜ืคืช ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก.
01:44
But theyโ€™re just different enough to break up the regularity of the virusโ€™s membrane,
24
104590
5727
ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืžื‘ืจื ืช ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก,
01:50
making the whole thing come crashing down.
25
110317
3250
ืžื” ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืœ ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ืœื”ืชืจืกืง.
01:53
Those amphiphiles then form bubbles of their own around particles
26
113567
5176
ื”ืืžืคื™ืคื™ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืื– ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืžืฉืœื”ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื
01:58
including the virusโ€™s RNA and proteins.
27
118743
3920
ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”RNA ื•ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก.
02:02
Apply water, and youโ€™ll wash that whole bubble away.
28
122663
4909
ื”ื•ืกื™ืคื• ืžื™ื, ื•ืชืฉื˜ืคื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
02:07
Hand sanitizers work less like a crowbar, and more like an earthquake.
29
127572
5248
ืžื—ื˜ื ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืคื—ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืœื•ื, ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืžื• ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื”.
02:12
When you surround a coronavirus with water,
30
132820
2790
ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืงื™ืคื™ื ืืช ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืžื™ื,
02:15
the hydrophobic effect gives the bonds within the membrane their strength.
31
135610
4946
ื”ืืคืงื˜ ื”ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืžื‘ืจื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœื”ื.
02:20
That same effect also holds the big proteins
32
140556
3720
ืื•ืชื• ืืคืงื˜ ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ื’ื ืืช ื”ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
02:24
that form coronavirusโ€™s spikes in place
33
144276
3660
ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ืฆื™ื ืฉืœ ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื
02:27
and in the shape that enables them to infect your cells.
34
147936
3670
ื•ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื”ื ืœื”ื“ื‘ื™ืง ืชืื™ื.
02:31
If you dry the virus out in air, it keeps its stability.
35
151606
4482
ืื ืืชื ืžื™ื™ื‘ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก ื‘ืื•ื™ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืช.
02:36
But now surround it with a high concentration of an alcohol,
36
156088
4701
ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ืงื™ืคื• ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืจื™ื›ื•ื– ื’ื‘ื•ื” ืฉืœ ืืœื›ื•ื”ื•ืœ,
02:40
like the ethanol or isopropanol found in most hand-sanitizers.
37
160789
4835
ื›ืžื• ืืชืื ื•ืœ ืื• ืื™ื–ื•ืคืจื•ืคื ื•ืœ ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ืžื—ื˜ืื™ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
02:45
This makes the hydrophobic effect disappear,
38
165624
2730
ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœืืคืงื˜ ื”ื”ื™ื“ืจื•ืคื•ื‘ื™ ืœื”ืขืœื,
02:48
and gives the molecules room to move around.
39
168354
2695
ื•ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืžืงื•ื ืœื ื•ืข.
02:51
The overall effect is like removing all of the nails and mortar from a house
40
171049
5476
ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืกืžืจื™ื ื•ื”ืžืœื˜ ืžื‘ื™ืช
02:56
and then hitting it with an earthquake.
41
176525
2020
ื•ืื– ืœื”ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื• ืขื ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื”.
02:58
The cellโ€™s membrane collapses and those spike proteins crumble.
42
178545
5250
ื”ืžืžื‘ืจื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ืงื•ืจืกืช ื•ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ ื”ืงื•ืฆื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืžืชืคื•ืจืจื™ื.
03:03
In either method, the actual process of destroying the virus
43
183795
4380
ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช, ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืขืฆืžื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืžื“ืช ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก
03:08
happens in just a second or two.
44
188175
2105
ืžืชืจื—ืฉ ืชื•ืš ืฉื ื™ื” ืื• ืฉืชื™ื™ื.
03:10
But doctors recommend at least 20 seconds of hand-washing
45
190280
3860
ืื‘ืœ ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœืคื—ื•ืช 20 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื
03:14
because of the intricate landscape that is your hand.
46
194140
3780
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ื”ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื“ื™ื›ื.
03:17
Soap and sanitizer need to get everywhere, including your palms, fingertips,
47
197920
6037
ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื—ื˜ื ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื›ืคื•ืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื, ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช,
03:23
the outsides of your hands, and between your fingers,
48
203957
3488
ื—ื•ืฅ ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื, ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืฆื‘ืขื•ืช,
03:27
to protect you properly.
49
207445
1490
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœื™ื›ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืกืคืง.
03:28
And when it comes to a coronavirus outbreak,
50
208935
2960
ื•ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื”,
03:31
doctors recommend washing your hands with soap and water whenever possible.
51
211895
4836
ืจื•ืคืื™ื ืžืžืœื™ืฆื™ื ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ.
03:36
Even though both approaches are similarly effective at killing the virus,
52
216731
4183
ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืฉืชื™ ื”ื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื”ืจื™ื’ืช ื”ื•ื™ืจื•ืก,
03:40
soap and water has two benefits:
53
220914
2700
ืœืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช:
03:43
first it washes away any dirt which could otherwise hide virus particles.
54
223614
5174
ืจืืฉื™ืช ื”ื ืจื•ื—ืฆื™ื ื›ืœ ืœื›ืœื•ืš ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืื—ืจืช ืœื”ื—ื‘ื™ื ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ ื•ื™ืจื•ืก.
03:48
But more importantly,
55
228788
1480
ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
03:50
itโ€™s simply easier to fully cover your hands with soap and water
56
230268
4147
ื–ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื›ืกื•ืช ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื
03:54
for 20 seconds.
57
234415
1380
ื‘ืžืฉืš 20 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช.
03:55
Of course, hand sanitizer is more convenient to use on the go.
58
235795
4912
ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืžื—ื˜ื ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ื— ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื“ืจืš.
04:00
In the absence of a sink, use the sanitizer as thoroughly as possible
59
240707
4941
ืื ืื™ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ืจ, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืžื—ื˜ื ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉืืคืฉืจ
04:05
and rub your hands together until theyโ€™re dry.
60
245648
3030
ื•ืฉืคืฉืคื• ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื›ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื“ ืฉื™ืชื™ื™ื‘ืฉื•.
04:08
Unfortunately, there are billions of people
61
248678
3389
ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืฆืขืจ, ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
04:12
who donโ€™t have access to clean drinking water,
62
252067
2970
ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื™ ืฉืชื™ื™ื” ื ืงื™ื™ื,
04:15
which is a huge problem at any time but especially during an outbreak.
63
255037
5327
ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืžืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช.
04:20
Researchers and aid groups are working to provide solutions for these communities.
64
260364
4782
ื—ื•ืงืจื™ื ื•ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืกื™ื•ืข ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืกืคืง ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
04:25
One example is a device that uses salt, water, and a car battery
65
265146
4834
ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ืื—ืช ื”ื™ื ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืœื—, ืžื™ื, ื•ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ืจื›ื‘
04:29
to make chlorinated water that kills harmful pathogens
66
269980
4000
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื™ื ืžื•ื›ืœืจื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืจื’ื™ื ืคืชื•ื’ื ื™ื ืžื–ื™ืงื™ื
04:33
and is safe for hand-washing.
67
273980
2600
ื•ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื™ื ืœืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
04:36
So wherever possible, soap and water are recommended for a coronavirus,
68
276580
4700
ืื– ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืืคืฉืจื™, ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ืžื™ื ืžื•ืžืœืฆื™ื ืœืงื•ืจื•ื ื”,
04:41
but does that mean it's best for every viral outbreak?
69
281280
4160
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื ื’ื™ืคื™ืช?
04:45
Not necessarily.
70
285440
1470
ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื—.
04:46
Many common colds are caused by rhinoviruses
71
286910
3630
ื”ืจื‘ื” ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื ื’ืจืžื•ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจื™ื™ื ื•-ื•ื™ืจื•ืก
04:50
that have a geometric protein structure called a capsid
72
290540
4242
ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื’ืื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื ืงืจืื™ื ืงืคืกื™ื“
04:54
instead of a lipid membrane.
73
294782
2310
ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืžื‘ืจื ื•ืช ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื•ืช.
04:57
The capsid doesn't have nearly as many weak points
74
297092
3140
ืœืงืคืกื™ื“ ืื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื” ื›ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื•ืœืฉื”
05:00
where soap amphiphiles can pry it apart,
75
300232
2884
ืฉืืžืคื™ืคื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืจืง,
05:03
so it takes longer for soap to be effective.
76
303116
3000
ืื– ื–ื” ืœื•ืงื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™.
05:06
However some of its surface proteins are still vulnerable
77
306116
3690
ืขื ื–ืืช ื—ืœืง ืžื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ ืคื ื™ ื”ืฉื˜ื— ืฉืœื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืคื’ื™ืขื™ื
05:09
to the destabilizing effect of hand sanitizer.
78
309806
3566
ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ืžืขืจืขืจืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ื˜ื ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
05:13
In this and similar cases, hand sanitizer may be more effective,
79
313372
4759
ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ื•ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœื•, ืžื—ื˜ื ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
05:18
especially if you then wash your hands to remove residual particles.
80
318131
4540
ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืื ืืชื ืจื•ื—ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืื– ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกื™ืจ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืจื•.
05:22
The best way to know which to use for any given outbreak
81
322671
4300
ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืœื“ืขืช ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช
05:26
is to do what's best for all things illness-related:
82
326971
4170
ื”ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืžื—ืœื•ืช:
05:31
follow the advice of accredited medical professionals.
83
331141
3910
ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืขืฆื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ืจืคื•ืื™ื™ื ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ื™ื ืืžื™ื ื™ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7