The science of falling in love - Shannon Odell

2,078,967 views ใƒป 2022-12-08

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: zeeva livshitz ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:06
Love is often described as heartwarming, heart-wrenching and even heartbreaking.
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ืื”ื‘ื” ืžืชื•ืืจืช ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื›ืžื—ืžืžืช ืœื‘, ืงื•ืจืขืช ืœื‘ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืฉื•ื‘ืจืช ืœื‘.
00:11
So, what does the brain have to do with it?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืœื–ื”?
00:14
Everything!
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ื”ื›ืœ!
00:15
The journey from first spark to last tear is guided by a symphony
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ื”ืžืกืข ืžื”ื ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื•ืขื“ ื”ื“ืžืขื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžื•ื ื—ื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืกื™ืžืคื•ื ื™ื”
00:19
of neurochemicals and brain systems.
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ืฉืœ ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื›ื™ืžื™ืงืœื™ื ื•ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžื•ื—.
01:06
As you begin to fall for someone,
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืื”ื‘ ื‘ืžื™ืฉื”ื•,
01:08
you may find yourself excessively daydreaming about them
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ืืชื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ื’ื–ืžืช ื—ื•ืœืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ
01:11
and wanting to spend more and more time together.
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ื•ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“ ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
01:14
This first stage of love is what psychologists call infatuation,
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ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื ื”ืชืื”ื‘ื•ืช,
01:18
or passionate love.
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ืื• ืื”ื‘ื” ื ืœื”ื‘ืช.
01:20
Your new relationship can feel almost intoxicating,
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื” ืฉืœื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžืขื˜ ืžืฉื›ืจืช,
01:23
and when it comes to the brain, thatโ€™s not far from the truth.
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ื•ื›ืฉื–ื” ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืžื•ื—, ื–ื” ืœื ืจื—ื•ืง ืžื”ืืžืช.
01:27
Infatuated individuals show increased activation in the ventral tegmental area.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืžืจืื™ื ืขืœื™ื™ื” ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ื˜ึถื’ืžึถื ื˜ื•ื ื”ื’ื—ื•ื ื™ (VTA).
01:33
The VTA is the reward-processing and motivation hub of the brain,
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ื”-VTA ื”ื•ื ืžืจื›ื– ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ื•ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—,
01:37
firing when you do things like eat a sweet treat, quench your thirst,
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ืฉื ื›ื ืก ืœืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื•ื›ืœื™ื ื—ื˜ื™ืฃ ืžืชื•ืง, ืžืจื•ื•ื™ื ืืช ืฆื™ืžืื•ื ื›ื,
01:41
or in more extreme cases, take drugs of abuse.
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ืื• ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืกืžื™ื ืงืฉื™ื.
01:44
Activation releases the โ€œfeel goodโ€ neurotransmitter dopamine,
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ื”ื”ืคืขืœื” ืžืฉื—ืจืจืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ืœื™ืš ื”ืขืฆื‘ื™ โ€œืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘โ€ ื“ื•ืคืžื™ืŸ
01:48
teaching your brain to repeat behaviors in anticipation
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ืฉืžืœืžื“ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื”
01:51
of receiving the same initial reward.
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ืœืงื‘ืœืช ืื•ืชื• ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ืจืืฉื•ื ื™.
01:54
This increased VTA activity is the reason love's not only euphoric,
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ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช VTA ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืื”ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืื•ืคื•ืจื™ืช,
01:58
but also draws you towards your new partner.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืžื•ืฉื›ืช ืืชื›ื ืœืขื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื›ื.
02:01
At this first stage, it may be hard to see any faults in your new perfect partner.
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ื‘ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื” ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžื’ืจืขืช ื›ืœืฉื”ื™ ื‘ืฉื•ืชืฃ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœื›ื.
02:06
This haze is thanks to loveโ€™s influence
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ื”ืขืจืคืœ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”
02:08
on higher cortical brain regions.
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ืขืœ ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืžื•ื— ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื•ื—.
02:11
Some newly infatuated individuals show decreased activity
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ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ืชืื”ื‘ื• ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืžืจืื™ื ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช
02:14
in the brainโ€™s cognitive center, the prefrontal cortex.
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืงื•ื’ื ื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—, ื”ืงื•ืจื˜ืงืก ื”ืคืจื”-ืคืจื•ื ื˜ืœื™.
02:18
As activation of this region allows us to engage in critical thought
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืคืขืœืช ืื–ื•ืจ ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช
02:21
and pass judgment,
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ื•ืœืฉืคื•ื˜,
02:22
itโ€™s not surprising we tend to see new relationships
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
02:25
through rose-colored glasses.
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ื“ืจืš ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ื‘ืฆื‘ืข ื•ืจื“ืจื“.
02:27
While this first stage of love can be
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ืืžื ื ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
02:29
an intense rollercoaster of emotions and brain activity,
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ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืจื™ื ืขื–ื” ืฉืœ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื—ื™ืช,
02:32
it typically only lasts a few months,
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ื–ื” ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ื ืžืฉืš ืจืง ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื,
02:34
making way for the more long-lasting stage of love,
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ืžืคื ื” ืžืงื•ื ืœืฉืœื‘ ืืจื•ืš ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”,
02:37
known as attachment, or compassionate love.
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืื• ืื”ื‘ื” ื—ื•ืžืœืช.
03:04
As your relationship develops,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชืคืชื—,
03:06
you may feel more relaxed and committed to your partner
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ืืชื ืขืฉื•ื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืจื’ื•ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ืžื—ื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื™ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ืฉืœื›ื
03:08
thanks in large part to two hormones: oxytocin and vasopressin.
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ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื: ืื•ืงืกื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืŸ ื•ื•ื–ื•ืคืจืกื™ืŸ.
03:13
Known as pair-bonding hormones,
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ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื›ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ ื–ื•ื’,
03:15
they signal trust, feelings of social support and attachment.
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ื”ื ืžืกืžื ื™ื ืืžื•ืŸ, ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ืฉืœ ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช .
03:19
In this way, romantic love is not unlike other forms of love,
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ื–ื•, ืื”ื‘ื” ืจื•ืžื ื˜ื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืžืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื”ื‘ื”,
03:23
as these hormones also help bond families and friendships.
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ืฉื›ืŸ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื ืืœื” ื’ื ืขื•ื–ืจื™ื ืœืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ื•ื—ื‘ืจื•ื™ื•ืช.
03:27
Further, oxytocin can inhibit the release of stress hormones,
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ื™ืชืจ ืขืœ ื›ืŸ, ืื•ืงืกื™ื˜ื•ืฆื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขื›ื‘ ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ ืœื—ืฅ,
03:31
which is why spending time with a loved one can feel so relaxing.
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ืฉื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืขื ืื“ื ืื”ื•ื‘ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจื’ื™ืข.
03:35
As early love's suspension of judgment fades,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฉืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืื”ื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ืงื“ืžืช ืžืชืคื•ื’ื’ืช
03:38
it can be replaced by a more honest understanding and deeper connection.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื—ืœืฃ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื›ื ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขืžื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:42
Alternatively, as your rose-colored glasses begin to lose their tint,
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ืœื—ืœื•ืคื™ืŸ, ื›ืฉื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื•ืจื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืื‘ื“ ืืช ื’ื•ื•ื ื,
03:46
problems in your relationship may become more evident.
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ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื™ื›ืจื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:12
No matter the reason a relationship ends,
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ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ืžืกืชื™ื™ืžืช,
04:14
we can blame the pain that accompanies heartbreak on the brain.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื‘ื›ืื‘ ื•ืฉื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ ืฉื ื’ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืฉืœ ื›ืš.
04:18
The distress of a breakup activates the insular cortex,
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ืžื•ืขืงืช ื”ืคืจื™ื“ื” ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืืช ื”ืงื•ืจื˜ืงืก ื”ืื™ื ืกื•ืœืจื™,
04:22
a region that processes painโ€”
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ืื–ื•ืจ ืฉืžืขื‘ื“ ื›ืื‘ --
04:24
both physical, like spraining your ankle,
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ื’ื ืคื™ื–ื™, ื›ืžื• ื ืงื™ืขืช ื”ืงืจืกื•ืœ,
04:26
as well as social, like the feelings of rejection.
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ื•ื’ื ื—ื‘ืจืชื™, ื›ืžื• ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื“ื—ื™ื™ื”.
04:29
As days pass, you may find yourself once again daydreaming about
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื™ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ื™ืžื™ื, ืืชื ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื—ื•ืœืžื™ื ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ
04:32
or craving contact with your lost partner.
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ืื• ืžืฉืชื•ืงืงื™ื ืœืžื’ืข ืขื ื‘ืŸ ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื”ืื‘ื•ื“ ืฉืœื›ื.
04:35
The drive to reach out may feel overwhelming,
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ื”ื“ื—ืฃ ืœื”ื•ืฉื™ื˜ ื™ื“ ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžื›ืจื™ืข,
04:37
like an extreme hunger or thirst.
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ื›ืžื• ืจืขื‘ ืื• ืฆืžื ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ื™ื.
04:39
When looking at photos of a former partner,
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ื›ืฉืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ืขืœ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ื–ื•ื’ ืœืฉืขื‘ืจ,
04:42
heartbroken individuals again show increased activity in the VTA,
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื•ืจื™ ืœื‘ ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืจืื™ื ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช ื‘-VTA,
04:46
the motivation and reward center that drove feelings of longing
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ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ื•ื”ืชื’ืžื•ืœ ืฉื”ื ื™ืขื• ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื’ืขื’ื•ืข
04:49
during the initial stages of the relationship.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื™ื.
04:52
This emotional whirlwind also likely activates your bodyโ€™s alarm system,
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ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื’ื ืฉืžืขืจื‘ื•ืœืช ืจื’ืฉื™ืช ื–ื• ืžืคืขื™ืœื” ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืื–ืขืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื,
04:57
the stress axis, leaving you feeling shaken and restless.
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ืฆื™ืจ ื”ืœื—ืฅ, ืžืฉืื™ืจ ืืชื›ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืžื–ื•ืขื–ืขื™ื ื•ื—ืกืจื™ ืžื ื•ื—ื”.
05:01
As time goes on,
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ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ืขื•ื‘ืจ,
05:03
higher cortical regions which oversee reasoning and impulse control,
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ืื–ื•ืจื™ ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืžืคืงื—ื™ื ืขืœ ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ื“ื—ืคื™ื,
05:07
can pump the brakes on this distress and craving signaling.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืœืžื™ื ื‘ืžืฆื•ืงื” ื–ื• ื•ื‘ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืœืื™ืชื•ืช.
05:10
Given that these regions are still maturing
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื–ื•ืจื™ื ืืœื” ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื
05:13
and making connections through adolescence,
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ื•ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื”ืชื‘ื’ืจื•ืช,
05:15
it's no wonder that first heartbreak can feel particularly agonizing.
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ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืคืœื ืฉืฉื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืžื™ื™ืกืจ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“.
05:41
Activities like exercise, spending time with friends,
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ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช, ื‘ื™ืœื•ื™ ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื,
05:44
or even listening to your favorite song
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื”ืื–ื™ืŸ ืœืฉื™ืจ ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ ืขืœื™ื›ื
05:46
can tame this heartbreak stress response,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืืœืฃ ืืช ืชื’ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืœื—ืฅ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœื‘,
05:48
while also triggering the release of feel good neurotransmitter dopamine.
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ืชื•ืš ื›ื“ื™ ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื ื•ื™ืจื•ื˜ืจื ืกืžื™ื˜ืจ โ€œืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘โ€ ื“ื•ืคืžื™ืŸ,
05:53
And given time and the support,
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ื•ื‘ื”ื™ื ืชืŸ ื–ืžืŸ ื•ืชืžื™ื›ื”,
05:55
most can heal and learn from even the most devastating heartbreak.
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ืจื•ื‘ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืจืคื ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืฉื‘ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืœื‘ ื”ื”ืจืกื ื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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