How many universes are there? - Chris Anderson

Koliko svemira postoji?

1,927,449 views

2012-03-12 ・ TED-Ed


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How many universes are there? - Chris Anderson

Koliko svemira postoji?

1,927,449 views ・ 2012-03-12

TED-Ed


Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove ispod za reprodukciju videozapisa.

00:00
(Music)
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Prevoditelj: Senzos Osijek Recezent: Suzana Baric
(Glazba)
00:18
Sometimes when I'm on a long plane flight,
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Na dugim avionskim letovima ponekad
00:20
I gaze out at all those mountains and deserts
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zurim u planine i pustinje
00:23
and try to get my head around how vast our Earth is.
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i pokušavam shvatiti koliko je prostranstvo naše Zemlja.
00:26
And then I remember that there's an object we see every day
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Onda se prisjetim da postoji tijelo koje vidimo svaki dan,
00:29
that would literally fit one million Earths inside it.
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a u koje bi stalo doslovno milijun Zemalja.
00:32
The sun seems impossibly big,
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Sunce se čini nemoguće velikim,
00:35
but in the great scheme of things, it's a pinprick,
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no u krupnijem planu, ono je točkica,
00:39
one of about 400 billion stars in the Milky Way galaxy,
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tek jedna od 400 milijardi zvijezda Mliječne staze
00:43
which you can see on a clear night
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koju možete vidjeti za vedrih noći kao blijedu, bijelu maglu razvučenu po nebu.
00:45
as a pale, white mist stretched across the sky.
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00:48
And it gets worse.
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Postaje i zamršenije.
00:49
There are maybe 100 billion galaxies detectable by our telescopes,
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Postoji 100 milijardi galaksija koje se mogu uočiti teleskopom,
00:53
so if each star was the size of a single grain of sand,
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pa kad bi svaka zvijezda bila veličine jednog zrnca pijeska,
00:58
just the Milky Way has enough stars to fill
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tad samo Mliječna staza ima dovoljno zvijezda da prekrije
01:01
a 30 foot by 30 foot stretch of beach three feet deep with sand.
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komad plaže površine 84 metra kvadratna, dubok 90 cm.
01:05
And the entire Earth doesn't have enough beaches
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Cijela Zemlja nema dovoljno plaža
01:08
to represent the stars in the overall universe.
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koje bi predstavljale zvijezde u cijelom svemir.
01:11
Such a beach would continue for literally hundreds of millions of miles.
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Takva bi plaža bila duga stotine milijardi kilometara.
01:15
Holy Stephen Hawking, that is a lot of stars.
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Sveti Stephene Hawkingu, to je mnogo zvijezda.
01:19
But he and other physicists now believe in
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No, on i drugi fizičari sad vjeruju
01:22
a reality that is unimaginably bigger still.
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da je u stvarnosti svemir nezamislivo veći.
01:26
I mean, first of all, the 100 billion galaxies within range of our telescopes
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Kao prvo, 100 milijardi galaksija koje su u dosegu teleskopa
01:29
are probably a minuscule fraction of the total.
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vjerojatno su sićušni dio svemira.
01:32
Space itself is expanding
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Svemir se širi
01:35
at an accelerating pace. The vast majority of the galaxies
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ubrzanim tempom. Velika većina galaksija
01:38
are separating from us so fast
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od nas se odmiče tako brzo
01:41
that light from them may never reach us.
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da njihova svjetlost možda nikad neće doći do nas.
01:43
Still, our physical reality here on Earth
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Ipak, naša fizička stvarnost na Zemlji
01:46
is intimately connected to those distant, invisible galaxies.
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usko je povezana s tim udaljenim, nevidljivim galaksijama.
01:49
We can think of them as part of our universe.
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Možemo ih smatrati dijelom našeg svemira.
01:52
They make up a single, giant edifice,
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One tvore jedinstvenu, divovsku strukturu,
01:55
obeying the same physical laws and all made from the same types of atoms, electrons,
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podliježu istim zakonima fizike te su sačinjene od istih atoma, elektrona
01:58
protons, quarks, neutrinos that make up you and me.
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protona, kvarkova, neutrina koji izgrađuju i vas i mene.
02:02
However, recent theories in physics,
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Međutim, nedavne teorije u fizici,
02:05
including one called string theory,
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uključujući teoriju struna,
02:07
are now telling us there could be countless other universes,
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tvrde kako je moguće postojanje nebrojeno mnogo drugih svemira
02:10
built on different types of particles,
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izgrađenih od različitih vrsta čestica
02:12
with different properties, obeying different laws.
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s različitim svojstvima, koji poštuju druge zakone.
02:14
Most of these universes could never support life,
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Većina ovih svemira nije podobna za život
02:17
and might flash in and out of existence in a nanosecond,
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te mogu nestati ili nastati u nanosekundi.
02:20
but nonetheless, combined
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Ali, zajedno
02:22
they make up a vast multiverse of possible universes.
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čine multisvemir mogućih svemira
02:26
in up to 11 dimensions, featuring wonders beyond our wildest imagination.
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i to do 11 dimenzija, uključujući čuda koja ne možemo niti zamisliti.
02:31
And the leading version of string theory
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Vodeća verzija teorije struna
02:33
predicts a multiverse made of up to 10 to the 500 universes.
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predviđa multisvemir sačinjen od deset na petstotu svemira.
02:37
That's a one followed by 500 zeroes,
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To je broj 1 praćen nizom od 500 nula,
02:40
a number so vast that if every atom in our observable universe
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broj toliko velik da kad bi svaki atom našeg vidljivog svemira
02:44
had its own universe
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imao vlastiti svemir
02:46
and all of the atoms in all of those universes
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te kad bi svaki atom tih svemira
02:49
each had their own universe,
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imao svoj svemir
02:52
and you repeated that for two more cycles,
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i kad bi ponovili ovaj ciklus još dva puta,
02:54
you'd still be at a tiny fraction of the total --
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još uvijek bismo bili na malenom dijelu cjelokupne slike --
02:57
namely, one trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillion trillionth.
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točnije, jednom trilijunu trilijunu trilijunu trilijunu trilijunu trilijunu trilijun trilijunu trilijunu trilijunu trilijunu trilijunu trilijinu trilijunu trilijuna.
03:07
But even that number is minuscule compared to
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No, čak je i taj broj sićušan u usporedbi s
03:10
another number: infinity.
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jednim drugim brojem: beskrajnošću.
03:14
Some physicists think the space-time continuum
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Neki fizičari misle da je prostorno-vremenski kontinuum
03:16
is literally infinite, and that it contains an infinite number
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doslovno beskonačan te da sadrži beskonačan broj
03:19
of so-called pocket universes with varying properties.
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takozvanih džepnih svemira s varirajućim svojstvima.
03:22
How's your brain doing?
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Uspijevate li pratiti?
03:24
But quantum theory adds a whole new wrinkle.
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Kvantna teorija dodaje jedan potpuno novi problem.
03:27
I mean, the theory's been proven true beyond all doubt,
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Teorija se pokazala točnom izvan svake sumnje,
03:29
but interpreting it is baffling.
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ali njena je interpretacija zbunjujuća.
03:31
And some physicists think you can only un-baffle it
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Neki fizičari smatraju da je možete shvatiti
03:34
if you imagine that huge numbers of parallel universes
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samo ako zamislite da velik broj paralelnih svemira
03:37
are being spawned every moment,
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iznenadno nastaje svakog trenutka,
03:39
and many of these universes would actually be very like the world we're in,
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a mnogi od ovih svemira bili bi vrlo slični našem,
03:43
would include multiple copies of you.
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sadržavali bi naše mnogobrojne kopije.
03:46
In one such universe, you'd graduate with honors and marry the person of your dreams.
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U jednom od tih svemira, maturirali biste s pohvalama, i vjenčali se s osobom svojih snova.
03:50
In another, not so much.
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U nekom drugom svemiru, to i ne bi bilo tako.
03:53
There are still some scientists who would say, hogwash.
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Još uvijek ima znanstvenika koji bi rekli da su to besmislice.
03:55
The only meaningful answer to the question of how many universes there are is one,
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Jedini suvisao odgovor na pitanje koliko ima svemira jest jedan:
03:59
only one universe.
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samo je jedan svemir.
04:02
And a few philosophers and mystics
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A nekoliko filozofa i mistika
04:05
might argue that even our own universe is an illusion.
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mogu raspravljati da je čak i naš svemir iluzija.
04:08
So, as you can see,
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Dakle, kao što vidite,
04:10
right now there is no agreement on this question,
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trenutno nema dogovora na ovo pitanje,
04:13
not even close.
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čak niti približnog.
04:14
All we know is, the answer is somewhere between zero and infinity.
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Sve što znamo jest da je odgovor negdje između nule i beskonačnosti.
04:18
Well, I guess we know one other thing:
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No, možda znamo nešto drugo:
04:21
This is a pretty cool time to be studying physics.
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Ovo je odlično vrijeme za proučavanje fizike.
04:25
We just might be undergoing
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Možda prolazimo
04:27
the biggest paradigm shift in knowledge that humanity has ever seen.
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kroz najveću paradigmatsku promjenu u našem znanju otkad je čovječanstva.

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