Nicholas Negroponte takes OLPC to Colombia

15,892 views ・ 2009-08-10

TED


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譯者: Halei Liu 審譯者: Calvin Chun-yu Chan
00:12
It's amazing, when you meet a head of state and you say,
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這很美妙,當你遇到一個國家元首時,你說,
00:14
"What is your most precious natural resource?" --
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“你國家最珍貴的資源是甚麼?”
00:18
they will not say children at first.
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他們不會第一時間說是兒童。
00:20
And then when you say children,
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但是當你說兒童的時候,
00:22
they will pretty quickly agree with you.
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他們幾乎馬上會認同你。
00:31
(Video): We're traveling today with
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(視頻)我們今天將和哥倫比亞的國防部長
00:33
the Minister of Defense of Colombia,
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一起出遊,
00:36
head of the army and the head of the police,
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即是軍隊的負責人也是警力部門的負責人,
00:38
and we're dropping off 650 laptops
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並且我們要發放650台筆記本
00:41
today to children
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就在今天,給兒童們
00:43
who have no television, no telephone
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那些沒有電視,沒有電話的兒童們,
00:45
and have been in a community
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他們生存在一個
00:47
cut off from the rest of the world
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與外界隔離的環境裡,
00:49
for the past 40 years.
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這樣已經有40年之久了。
00:52
The importance of delivering laptops to this region
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對於在這個地區發放電腦的重要性是
00:55
is connecting kids who have otherwise been unconnected
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將那些由於哥倫比亞革命武裝力量而被分離的兒童
00:58
because of the FARC,
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聯繫起來,
01:00
the guerrillas that started off 40 years ago
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游擊隊在40年前開始
01:03
as a political movement and then became a drug movement.
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由一種政治運動轉變為一種毒品運動。
01:08
There are one billion children in the world,
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全世界裡十億人口的兒童,
01:10
and 50 percent of them don't have electricity
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他們中的一半都沒有電力
01:12
at home or at school.
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無論是在學校還是在家。
01:15
And in some countries -- let me pick Afghanistan --
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在某些國家 — 舉個例子,阿富汗 —
01:17
75 percent of the little girls don't go to school.
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75%的小女孩不會去上學。
01:20
And I don't mean that they drop out of school
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我指的不是她們被學校退學
01:22
in the third or fourth grade -- they don't go.
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在三年級或四年級的時候 — 她們根本沒有去上學。
01:24
So in the three years
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所以這3年以來
01:26
since I talked at TED and showed a prototype,
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自從我在TED裡演講和展示了一個產品原型,
01:29
it's gone from an idea
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它從一個想法
01:31
to a real laptop.
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轉變成了一個真正的筆記本。
01:34
We have half a million laptops today
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我們現在有50萬台筆記本
01:36
in the hands of children.
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都發放到小孩手裡了。
01:39
We have about a quarter of a million in transit
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我們還有大概25萬台正在運送
01:41
to those and other children,
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給那些其他的兒童,
01:44
and then there are another quarter of a million more
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而且還有另外25萬台
01:48
that are being ordered at this moment.
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已經正被訂購中。
01:50
So, in rough numbers, there are a million laptops.
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那麼,大概算來,這裡有100萬台筆記本。
01:52
That's smaller than I predicted --
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那比我預測的要少 —
01:54
I predicted three to 10 million --
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我預測的是300萬到1千萬台 —
01:56
but is still a very large number.
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不過這是一個十分大的數字。
01:58
In Colombia, we have about 3,000 laptops.
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在哥倫比亞,我們有大概3000台筆記本。
02:02
It's the Minister of Defense with whom we're working,
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和我們所合作的是國防部長,
02:05
not the Minister of Education, because it is seen as
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而不是教育部長,因為這被看作是
02:08
a strategic defense issue
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一個戰術防禦問題
02:10
in the sense of liberating these zones
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為着解放這些區域
02:15
that had been completely closed off,
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那些完全被隔離的區域,
02:17
in which the people who had been causing, if you will,
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而這些的人正是那些造成
02:21
40 years' worth of bombings and kidnappings
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40年之久的轟炸,綁架
02:25
and assassinations lived.
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以及刺殺,並生還的人。
02:27
And suddenly,
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然後突然,
02:29
the kids have connected laptops.
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那些小孩用筆記本聯繫起來了。
02:31
They've leapfrogged.
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他們超越了上一代。
02:33
The change is absolutely monumental,
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這個變化是絕對有紀念意義的,
02:37
because it's not just opening it up,
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因為這不僅僅是開放了,
02:39
but it's opening it up to the rest of the world.
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而是對世界其他所有的地方開放了。
02:42
So yes, they're building roads, yes, they're putting in telephone,
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所以,對了,他們將會建造公路,對,他們將會有電話,
02:44
yes, there will be television.
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對,那裡將會有電視。
02:46
But the kids six to 12 years old
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但是6到12歲的小孩
02:48
are surfing the Internet in Spanish and in local languages,
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卻是用西班牙語和當地語言在上網,
02:52
so the children grow up
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所以兒童伴隨著
02:54
with access to information,
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通向知識的道路而長大,
02:56
with a window into the rest of the world.
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通過一個通向其他世界的窗口。
02:59
Before, they were closed off.
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以前,他們是被封閉的。
03:01
Interestingly enough, in other countries,
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有趣的是,在其他一些的國家,
03:03
it will be the Minister of Finance who sees it
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財政部長會把這看作是
03:05
as an engine of economic growth.
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財政增長的動力。
03:09
And that engine is going to see the results in 20 years.
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而且那是一個在20年後才會看到結果的動力。
03:13
It's not going to happen, you know, in one year,
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你知道,那是不會在1年裡看到結果的,
03:16
but it's an important, deeply economic
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但是這是一個重要的,具有重大經濟意義的
03:19
and cultural change
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文化改變
03:21
that happens through children.
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一個通過兒童發生的變化。
03:24
Thirty-one countries in total are involved,
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總共31個國家會參與進來,
03:26
and in the case of Uruguay,
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就烏拉圭而言,
03:29
half the children already have them,
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一半的兒童已經擁有了它們,
03:31
and by the middle of 2009,
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而且在2009年中期,
03:34
every single child in Uruguay will have a laptop --
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烏拉圭的每一個兒童都會擁有一台筆記本 —
03:37
a little green laptop.
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一台小巧的綠色筆記本。
03:39
Now what are some of the results?
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現在其中的一些結果是?
03:41
Some of the results
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其中的一些結果
03:43
that go across every single country
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每一個國家都能觀察到
03:46
include teachers saying
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包括老師都說到
03:48
they have never loved teaching so much,
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他們從來沒有如此這樣熱愛教學過,
03:51
and reading comprehension
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沒有這樣熱愛閱讀理解
03:53
measured by third parties -- not by us -- skyrockets.
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由第三方統計到的結果 — 不是我們自己 — 明顯飆升。
03:57
Probably the most important thing we see
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我們看到最重要的事情可能是
04:00
is children teaching parents.
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兒童在教育他們的家長。
04:03
They own the laptops. They take them home.
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他們有筆記本。他們把筆記本帶回家。
04:06
And so when I met with three children from the schools,
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所以當我在學校裡遇到3個小孩,
04:09
who had traveled all day to come to Bogota,
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都是從波哥大經過一天路程而來,
04:13
one of the three children brought her mother.
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其中一個小孩帶來了她的母親。
04:16
And the reason she brought her mother
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她帶母親來的一個原因是
04:18
is that this six-year-old child
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這個6歲的小孩
04:21
had been teaching her mother
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已經在教她的母親
04:23
how to read and write.
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如何讀和寫。
04:25
Her mother had not gone to primary school.
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她的母親沒有上過小學。
04:28
And this is such an inversion,
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這是如此一個倒置,
04:30
and such a wonderful example
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一個如此美妙的例子
04:33
of children being the agents of change.
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小孩做為變化的推動者。
04:37
So now, in closing, people say,
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所以現在,做為結尾,人們說到,
04:39
now why laptops?
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現在為甚麼用筆記本?
04:41
Laptops are a luxury; it's like giving them iPods. No.
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筆記本就是一個奢侈品,這就像給他們 iPod 一樣。不行。
04:44
The reason you want laptops
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你們想要筆記本的原因是
04:46
is that the word is education, not laptop.
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教育這個詞,而不是筆記本。
04:50
This is an education project, not a laptop project.
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這是一個教育項目,不是一個筆記本項目。
04:53
They need to learn learning. And then, just think --
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他們需要學會學習。然後,就像想一下 —
04:55
they can have, let's say, 100 books.
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他們可以擁有,比如說,100本書。
04:57
In a village, you have 100 laptops,
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在一個村莊裡,你有100本筆記本,
05:00
each with a different set of 100 books,
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每一個都被安放了100本不一樣的書籍,
05:03
and so that village suddenly has 10,000 books.
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這樣這個村莊就一下子有了10000書。
05:06
You and I didn't have 10,000 books when we went to primary school.
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在當你上小學的時候你可沒有10000書。
05:10
Sometimes school is under a tree,
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有時候學校就在一顆樹底下,
05:12
or in many cases, the teacher has only a fifth-grade education,
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或在許多情況下,老師只上了5年的學,
05:16
so you need a collaborative model of learning,
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所以你需要一個互相合作的學習模型,
05:19
not just building more schools and training more teachers,
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而不是去造更多的學校和訓練更多的老師。
05:21
which you have to do anyway.
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這些也是你無論無何都要做的,
05:23
So we're once again doing "Give One, Get One."
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所以,我們又再一次發起了「送一台,買一台」運動。
05:26
Last year, we ran a "Give One, Get One" program,
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去年,我們發起了「送一台,買一台」計劃,
05:28
and it generated over 100,000 laptops
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並且創造了100,000台筆記本
05:32
that we were then able to give free.
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這些我們都可以用來免費送出去。
05:35
And by being a zero-dollar laptop,
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而且作為一個0美元筆記本,
05:37
we can go to countries that can't afford it at all.
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我們可以送到一些完全負擔不起的國家去。
05:40
And that's what we did. We went to Haiti,
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那也是我們已做到的。我們去了海地,
05:43
we went to Rwanda, Afghanistan,
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我們去了盧旺達,阿富汗。
05:45
Ethiopia, Mongolia.
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埃塞俄比亞,蒙古。
05:48
Places that are not markets,
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一些沒有市場的地方,
05:50
seeding it with the principles of
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用著飽和度,
05:53
saturation, connectivity, low ages, etc.
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連接性的,低年齡的,等等的原則去看待它。
05:56
And then we can actually roll out large numbers.
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而且我們可以產生一些比較大的數字。
06:00
So think of it this way:
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所以這樣去看待它:
06:02
think of it as inoculating children
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就像和接種兒童一樣
06:05
against ignorance.
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對無知、愚味的接種,
06:08
And think of the laptop as a vaccine.
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把筆記本當作是一種疫苗。
06:10
You don't vaccinate a few children.
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你不僅僅為少許的兒童去接種防疫。
06:12
You vaccinate all the children in an area.
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你是為一個地區的所有兒童發放疫苗。
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