Drew Curtis: How I beat a patent troll

148,985 views ・ 2012-04-17

TED


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譯者: Wang-Ju Tsai 審譯者: Un I (Carrie) Kuok
00:15
Last January, my company, Fark.com, was sued
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去年一月 我的公司 Fark.com 被人告了
00:19
along with Yahoo, MSN, Reddit,
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一同被告的還有 雅虎, MSN, Reddit,
00:22
AOL, TechCrunch and others
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美國在線, TechCrunch 等
00:25
by a company called Gooseberry Natural Resources.
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提告的是一家叫 Gooseberry Natural Resources 的公司
00:28
Gooseberry owned a patent
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這家公司擁有
00:30
for the creation and distribution
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透過電子郵件來
00:32
of news releases via email.
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來產生和發佈新聞稿的專利
00:35
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
00:38
Now it may seem kind of strange that such a thing can actually be patented,
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這也可以是專利 真的令人難以致信
00:41
but it does happen all the time.
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但這種事並不少見
00:43
Take something already being done
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將已經存在的東西
00:45
and patent it for an emerging technology --
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作為新興技術申請專利
00:47
like phone calls on the internet
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像透過網路打電話
00:50
or video listings for TV shows
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或將影片目錄用在電視上
00:53
or radio but for cellphones,
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還有在手機上聼收聲機
00:55
and so on.
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等等
00:57
The problem with these patents
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之所以會有這些關於專利權的糾紛
00:59
is that the mechanisms are obscure
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是因為這方面的機制含糊不清
01:01
and the patent system is dysfunctional,
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還有專利系統的不健全
01:03
and as a result, most of these lawsuits end in settlements.
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結果導致大部分的訴訟都以和解收場
01:06
And because these settlements are under a non-disclosure agreement,
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又因爲和解的保密條款
01:09
no one knows what the terms were.
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沒有人知道和解的内容是什麽
01:11
And as a result, the patent troll can claim
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所以這些專利蟑螂
01:13
that they won the case.
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可以宣稱他們贏了官司
01:16
In the case of Gooseberry Natural Resources,
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在Gooseberry Natural Resources 的例子裏
01:18
this patent on emailing news releases
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用電子郵件發送新聞稿的專利
01:20
had sort of a fatal flaw
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在我看來
01:22
as it pertained to myself,
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有一個致命的缺陷
01:24
and that was that in the mainstream media world
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這個缺陷就是在主流媒體中
01:26
there is only one definition for news release,
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對發佈新聞稿的定義只有一個
01:29
and it turns out that is press release --
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就是報道新聞的文字稿
01:31
as in P.R.
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也就是公關學裏對新聞稿的定義
01:33
Now my company, Fark,
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而我的公司 Fark
01:35
deals with news, ostensibly,
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很明顯 只在處理新聞
01:37
and as a result
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而不是新聞稿 所以
01:39
we were not in violation of this patent.
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我們並沒有侵犯這個專利
01:41
So case closed, right?
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所以官司可以了結 對不對?
01:43
Wrong.
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01:45
One of the major problems with patent law is that,
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專利法一個大問題是
01:47
in the case that when you are sued by a patent troll,
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當你被一個專利蟑螂告的時候
01:50
the burden of proof that you did not infringe on the patent
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去舉證沒有侵犯該專利的責任
01:53
is actually on the defendant,
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是落在被告的身上
01:55
which means you have to prove
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也就是說你要去證明
01:57
that you do not infringe on the patent they're suing you on.
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你沒有侵犯他們所提出的專利
02:00
And this can take quite a while.
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這很花時間
02:03
You need to know that the average patent troll defense
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大家要知道 處理專利蟑螂控告的案件
02:06
costs two million dollars
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每件平均要花2百萬美元
02:08
and takes 18 months when you win.
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就算你最後勝訴 這個司法過程共需要18個月
02:11
That is your best case outcome
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這還是被專利蟑螂起訴的
02:13
when you get sued by a patent troll.
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最佳結局
02:15
Now I had hoped to team up with some of these larger companies
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我那時想跟一些大公司聯手
02:18
in order to defend against this lawsuit,
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來共同打這個官司
02:20
but one-by-one they settled out of the case,
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但是他們一個接一個地選擇和解
02:23
even though -- and this is important --
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但重點是
02:25
none of these companies
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沒有任何一家公司
02:27
infringed on this patent -- not a one of them.
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有侵犯到這個專利 完全沒有
02:30
And they started settling out.
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他們就這樣和解了
02:32
The reason they settled out
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他們這麽做的原因是
02:34
is because it's cheaper to settle than to fight the lawsuit --
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和解所需的費用比訴訟少
02:36
clearly, two million dollars cheaper in some cases,
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因為即使你贏了, 你也要付200萬美元的訴訟費
02:39
and much worse if you actually lose.
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而如果官司輸了, 你就要賠更多的錢
02:41
It would also constitute a massive distraction for management of a company,
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同時, 法律訴訟會嚴重打亂公司的管理節奏
02:44
especially a small eight-man shop like my company.
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特別是我這種只由8人組成的小公司來說
02:47
Six months into the lawsuit,
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進入司法程序的第6個月
02:49
we finally reached the discovery phase.
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終於到了舉證的階段
02:51
And in discovery phase,
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在舉證的階段
02:53
we asked the patent troll to please provide
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我們要求專利蟑螂拿出
02:55
screenshots of Fark
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我們公司
02:57
where the infringement of their patent
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侵犯他們專利
02:59
was actually occurring.
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實際例子的截圖
03:01
Now perhaps it's because no such screenshots actually existed,
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或許是因爲這樣的截圖根本不存在
03:05
but suddenly Gooseberry wanted to settle.
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Gooseberry突然說要和解
03:07
Their attorney:
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他們的律師說
03:09
"Ah, yes. My company's having a reorganization on our end."
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“喔。 因爲我們公司内部正在重整,”
03:13
Never mind the fact
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但事實是
03:15
that the address led to a strip mall somewhere in Northern L.A.
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這個公司位於洛杉磯北部的某購物中心
03:17
with no employees.
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那裏根本就沒人在辦公
03:19
"And we'd like to go ahead and close this out.
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“所以我們希望快快解決這個案件,展望未來,
03:21
So would you mind giving us your best and final offer?"
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所以可不可以告訴我 你們願意付多少和解金呢?"
03:25
My response:
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我的回答是:
03:27
"How about nothing?!"
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“零元,你看怎樣?!”
03:29
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
03:34
We didn't have high hopes for that outcome.
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我們對這個價碼沒太多信心
03:36
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
03:38
But they settled.
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但是他們同意和解
03:40
No counter offer.
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而且沒有討價還價
03:42
Now, as mentioned before,
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我剛剛也提到
03:44
one of the reasons I can talk to you about this
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我今天還能在這裡跟大家談這個案子
03:46
is because there's no non-disclosure agreement on this case.
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原因是這個和解沒有保密條款
03:48
Now how did that happen?
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為甚麼呢?
03:50
Well during the settlement process, when we received our copy, I struck it.
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這是因為 在我們收到和解書時候 我把它劃掉了
03:53
My attorney said, "Nah, no chance of that working."
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我的律師說: “對方不大可能會同意啊。”
03:56
It came back signed.
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但 對方簽了那份和解書
03:58
Now why? You can call them.
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爲什麽會這樣?你可以打電話問他們
04:01
They're not under NDA either.
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他們也不受保密條款的限制
04:03
Now what did I learn from this case? Well, three things.
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那麽我從這個案子學到了什麽?三件事
04:06
First of all, if you can,
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第一 可以的話
04:09
don't fight the patent, fight the infringement.
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不要從專利上下手 要從專利侵害上下手
04:12
Patents are very difficult to overturn.
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否決專利訴訟很困難
04:14
Infringement is a lot easier to disprove.
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但專利侵害則比較容易提出反證
04:17
Secondly, make it clear from the beginning
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第二 一開始就講清楚
04:19
that either you have no money at all
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說你根本沒半毛錢
04:21
or that you would rather spend money with your attorney fighting the troll
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或是說你寧願花錢告垮專利蟑螂
04:25
than actually giving them the money.
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也不願把錢給他們
04:27
Now the reason this works
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爲什麽這會有用
04:29
is because patent trolls
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是因爲專利蟑螂
04:31
are paid a percentage of what they're able to recover in settlements.
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能在和解金上抽成
04:34
If it becomes clear to them that they cannot recover any money,
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如果他們覺得在這個案件上得不到錢
04:37
they become less interested in pursuing the case.
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他們就不會有興趣告到底
04:40
Finally, make sure that you can tell them
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最後一點 明白地告訴他們
04:42
that you will make this process
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說你會盡全力把訴訟過程
04:44
as annoying and as painful
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弄得非常麻煩
04:46
and as difficult as possible for them.
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令他們痛不欲生、雞犬不寧
04:49
Now this is a tactic that patent trolls are supposed to use on people
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這本來是那些專利蟑螂
04:51
to get their way.
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為達到目的耍的技倆
04:53
It turns out, because they're paid on contingency,
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但是因爲他們只有勝訴時才有酬勞
04:55
it works really, really well in reverse.
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所以這個方法十分有效
04:57
Don't forget that.
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一定要記住這個
04:59
So what does all this mean?
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那麽這一切要告訴我們什麽?
05:01
Well to sum up,
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總結的來説
05:03
it boils down to one thing:
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可以用以下一句話來做結論
05:05
Don't negotiate with terrorists.
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絕對不跟恐怖分子協商
05:08
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
05:13
Patent trolls have done more damage to the United States economy
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專利蟑螂每年對美國的經濟
05:16
than any domestic or foreign
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所帶來的傷害比起任何時期
05:18
terrorist organization in history
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國内國外的任何恐怖組織
05:21
every year.
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都還要大
05:24
And what do they do with that money?
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那他們怎麽花那些和解金?
05:27
They plow it right back into filing more troll lawsuits.
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他們把和解金起訴更多的公司
05:31
Now this is the point in the Talk
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這個演講進行到這
05:33
where I'm supposed to come up with some kind of a solution for the patent system.
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我應該要為完善專利系統提出一些建議
05:36
And the problem with that
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但問題是
05:38
is that there are two very large industry groups
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目前有兩大工業
05:40
that have different outcomes in mind
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他們對專利系統
05:42
for the patent system.
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有不同的主張和看法
05:44
The health care industry
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醫療衛生工業
05:46
would like stronger protections for inventors.
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希望對發明者有更多的保護
05:48
The hi-tech industry
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而高科技產業
05:50
would like stronger protections for producers.
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則希望對製造商有更多的保護
05:52
And these goals aren't necessarily diametrically opposed, but they are at odds.
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這兩個觀點不是對立的,但並不一致
05:55
And as a result, patent trolls can kind of live in the space in between.
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這導致專利蟑螂能在中間的灰色地帶生存
05:59
So unfortunately I'm not smart enough
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所以很不幸地 我還不夠聰明
06:01
to have a solution for the patent troll problem.
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沒能想出對付專利蟑螂的辦法
06:04
However, I did have this idea,
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但是我倒是有個主意
06:07
and it was kind of good.
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我覺得挺不錯的主意
06:10
And I thought, "I should patent this."
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我在想 我該給我的主意申請專利保護
06:12
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
06:15
Behold, patent infringement via mobile device --
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大家小心了。為定義為非固定電腦的
06:20
defined as a computer which is not stationary.
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移動裝置申請專利
06:24
My solution: award me this patent
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我的解決方法是:將這個專利給我
06:26
and I will troll them out of existence.
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我會用這個專利將專利蟑螂趕盡殺絕
06:28
Thank you.
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謝謝大家
06:30
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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