Juliana Rotich: Meet BRCK, Internet access built for Africa

73,345 views ・ 2013-06-18

TED


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00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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翻译人员: Claire Yeh 校对人员: Tim Lan
00:12
Living in Africa is to be on the edge,
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在非洲生活等于在边缘生活,
00:15
metaphorically, and quite literally
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这既是潜台词,又相当符合实际情况
00:18
when you think about connectivity before 2008.
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只要你想想2008年前的通讯状况就明白了。
00:21
Though many human intellectual and technological leaps
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在欧洲和世界的其他地方
00:25
had happened in Europe and the rest of the world,
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历经了人类智慧和技术的大飞跃,
00:28
but Africa was sort of cut off.
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但是非洲多少有点落后了。
00:31
And that changed, first with ships
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而改变发生了,首先从船开始,
00:33
when we had the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution
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就是在文艺复兴的时代、科学革命时代
00:37
and also the Industrial Revolution.
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以及工业革命时代发生了变化。
00:39
And now we've got the digital revolution.
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而如今我们又经历了数字革命。
00:42
These revolutions have not been evenly distributed
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这些革命并非在每个大陆和国家
00:45
across continents and nations.
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平衡地展开起来。
00:47
Never have been.
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平衡从未出现过。
00:50
Now, this is a map of the undersea fiber optic cables
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现在,海底光缆如地图一般铺开
00:54
that connect Africa to the rest of the world.
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从而把非洲与世界已经联系了起来。
00:57
What I find amazing is that Africa
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我觉得很令人惊异的是非洲
00:59
is transcending its geography problem.
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正在突破它的地理局限。
01:01
Africa is connecting to the rest of the world
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非洲正在与全世界联网,
01:03
and within itself.
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包括非洲大陆自身
01:05
The connectivity situation has improved greatly,
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通讯的状况得到了大幅度改善,
01:08
but some barriers remain.
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不过还是有一些阻碍。
01:10
It is with this context that Ushahidi came to be.
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就是在这样的背景下才出现了 Ushahidi。
01:14
In 2008, one of the problems that we faced
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2008年,我们面对的一个问题
01:19
was lack of information flow.
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是缺乏信息流。
01:21
There was a media blackout in 2008,
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2008年,当肯尼亚在大选后发生了暴力活动时。
01:24
when there was post-election violence in Kenya.
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当地开始了一段时间的媒体传播中断。
01:26
It was a very tragic time. It was a very difficult time.
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那是一段非常悲惨和难熬的时期。
01:29
So we came together and we created software
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所以我们聚在一起,然后创造了
01:32
called Ushahidi.
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叫做 Ushahidi 的软件。
01:33
And Ushahidi means "testimony" or "witness" in Swahili.
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Ushahidi 在斯瓦西里语中的意思是“证词”或“见证”。
01:37
I'm very lucky to work with two amazing collaborators.
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我很有幸能和两名了不得的人合作。
01:40
This is David and Erik.
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他们是 David 和 Erik。
01:42
I call them brothers from another mother.
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他们当他们是我同父异母的兄弟。
01:44
Clearly I have a German mother somewhere.
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显然我在地球某处有一位德国裔的母亲。
01:47
And we worked together first with building
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我们一开始一起
01:50
and growing Ushahidi.
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构建和发展 Ushahidi。
01:51
And the idea of the software was to gather information
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这个软件的目的
01:54
from SMS, email and web, and put a map
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从短信、电子邮件和网页上收集信息,然后拼出一张地图
01:57
so that you could see what was happening where,
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以便看到在什么地方都发生了什么事,
02:00
and you could visualize that data.
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接着你可以将数据可视化。
02:02
And after that initial prototype,
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在建立了初始原型后,
02:04
we set out to make free and open-source software
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我们开始将其做成免费和开源的软件,
02:07
so that others do not have to start from scratch like we did.
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这样其他人就没必要向我们一样从最基础的地方开始。
02:11
All the while, we also wanted to give back
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自始至终,我们都想要报答
02:13
to the local tech community that helped us
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那些在早期帮助我们建造 Ushahidi
02:16
grow Ushahidi and supported us in those early days.
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并支持我们的当地技术团体。
02:19
And that's why we set up the iHub in Nairobi,
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这就是为什么我们要在内罗毕建造 iHub,
02:22
an actual physical space
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这是一个可以让我们
02:24
where we could collaborate,
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在一起合作的实体空间,
02:26
and it is now part of an integral tech ecosystem in Kenya.
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其如今也是肯尼亚技术生态系统的一部分。
02:31
We did that with the support of different organizations
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我们在建造时得到了不同组织的帮助,
02:34
like the MacArthur Foundation and Omidyar Network.
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比如麦克阿瑟基金会和奥米迪亚网络。
02:37
And we were able to grow this software footprint,
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而且他们的帮助使我们能够让这个软件走得更远,
02:40
and a few years later it became
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几年之后它成了
02:43
very useful software,
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一个非常有用的软件,
02:45
and we were quite humbled when it was used in Haiti
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当人们在海地使用这个软件的时候,我们感到责任还蛮重大的,
02:48
where citizens could indicate where they are
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当时人们用它反映自己的位置
02:52
and what their needs were,
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和需求,
02:53
and also to deal with the fallout from the nuclear crisis
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同样这个软件也曾用来处理日本的核辐射危机
02:56
and the tsunami in Japan.
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和海啸。
02:58
Now, this year the Internet turns 20,
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现在,英特网今年20岁了,
03:02
and Ushahidi turned five.
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也是 Ushahidi 也迎来了其发展的第五年。
03:04
Ushahidi is not only the software that we made.
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Ushahidi 这个软件不止是由我们所创造。
03:07
It is the team, and it's also the community
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是这个团队,还有软件的用户们,
03:10
that uses this technology in ways that we could not foresee.
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他们用我们预料之外的方式来使用这个软件。
03:14
We did not imagine that there would be this many maps
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我们没有想到现在全世界
03:17
around the world.
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会出现这么多地图。
03:19
There are crisis maps, election maps, corruption maps,
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有危机地图,选举地图,腐败地图,
03:22
and even environmental monitoring crowd maps.
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甚至还有环境监控包众地图。
03:26
We are humbled that this has roots in Kenya
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让我们感到责任重大的是这个软件为肯尼亚而生,
03:29
and that it has some use to people around the world
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而如今全世界的人
03:32
trying to figure out the different issues that they're dealing with.
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都在用它处理不同的问题。
03:35
There is more that we're doing to explore this idea
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我们还在继续努力
03:38
of collective intelligence, that I, as a citizen,
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去探索集体智慧的理念,而我,作为一个公民,
03:41
if I share the information with whatever device that I have,
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如果我用任意一种设备来分享我的信息,
03:44
could inform you about what is going on,
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我可以告诉你发生了什么,
03:46
and that if you do the same, we can have a bigger picture
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而且你要是也这样做的话,我们就能更加清楚地看到
03:49
of what's going on.
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正在发生的事情。
03:51
I moved back to Kenya in 2011.
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我2011年的时候回到了肯尼亚。
03:53
Erik moved in 2010.
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Erik 2010年搬到这里。
03:55
Very different reality. I used to live in Chicago
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现实是那么的不同。我以前住在芝加哥
03:57
where there was abundant Internet access.
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那里的网络无处不在。
04:00
I had never had to deal with a blackout.
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我从来都不用考虑断电。
04:02
And in Kenya, it's a very different reality,
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但在肯尼亚,反差很大,
04:05
and one thing that remains despite the leaps in progress
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尽管有着飞跃性的进步和发生了数字革命,但仍有一个问题
04:08
and the digital revolution is the electricity problem.
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电力问题。
04:12
The day-to-day frustrations of dealing with this
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日复一日的沮丧中处理这个问题中
04:15
can be, let's just say very annoying.
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可以说是非常恼火的。
04:18
Blackouts are not fun.
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停电一点都不有趣。
04:20
Imagine sitting down to start working, and all of a sudden
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想象一下你刚坐下准备开始工作,突然间
04:23
the power goes out,
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停电了,
04:25
your Internet connection goes down with it,
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你的网络也中断了,
04:27
so you have to figure out, okay, now, where's the modem,
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然后你要想,okay,现在,调制解调器在哪里,
04:31
how do I switch back?
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我怎么重启它?
04:33
And then, guess what? You have to deal with it again.
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然后,你知道吗?你还要再重来一遍。
04:36
Now, this is the reality of Kenya, where we live now,
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现在,这就是我们住的地方:肯尼亚的实况,
04:39
and other parts of Africa.
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这也是非洲其他地区的实况。
04:41
The other problem that we're facing
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我们正在面对的另一个问题是
04:43
is that communication costs are also still a challenge.
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通讯费用,这也是个大挑战。
04:48
It costs me five Kenyan shillings,
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打电话到美国、加拿大或者中国
04:50
or .06 USD to call the U.S., Canada or China.
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要花我5肯尼亚先令,也就是0.06美元。
04:56
Guess how much it costs to call Rwanda, Ghana, Nigeria?
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你猜下打电话到卢旺达、加纳、尼日利亚要多少钱?
05:00
Thirty Kenyan shillings. That's six times the cost
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要30肯尼亚先令。在非洲大陆内相互打电话
05:04
to connect within Africa.
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还要花6倍的价格。
05:06
And also, when traveling within Africa,
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同样,在非洲内部旅行,
05:08
you've got different settings for different mobile providers.
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不同的移动通信运营商要求的手机制式也不一样。
05:11
This is the reality that we deal with.
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这是我们要解决的问题。
05:14
So we've got a joke in Ushahidi
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因此, Ushahidi 流传着一个笑话
05:17
where we say, "If it works in Africa, it'll work anywhere."
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是这么说的,“如果在非洲行得通,那到处都能行得通了。”
05:21
[Most use technology to define the function. We use function to drive the technology.]
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[大多数人用技术来定义功能,我们却用功能来推动技术发展。]
05:23
What if we could overcome the problem
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如果我们可以解决
05:26
of unreliable Internet and electricity
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网络和电力不稳定的问题
05:30
and reduce the cost of connection?
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并且降低通信费用,那会怎么样呢?
05:32
Could we leverage the cloud?
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我们能否利用云技术?
05:34
We've built a crowd map, we've built Ushahidi.
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我们已经创建了一张包众地图,还有 Ushahidi。
05:35
Could we leverage these technologies
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我们能否利用这些技术
05:38
to switch smartly whenever you travel from country to country?
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来实现在无论何时发生的跨国旅行中的智能转换呢?
05:43
So we looked at the modem,
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因此我们目光转向了调制解调器,
05:44
an important part of the infrastructure of the Internet,
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这是英特网构造中非常重要的一部分,
05:47
and asked ourselves why
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我们问自己为什么,
05:50
the modems that we are using right now
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我们所使用的调制解调器
05:52
are built for a different context, where you've got
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是为与现在不同的,有着
05:54
ubiquitous internet, you've got ubiquitous electricity,
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无处不在的互联网和电力的环境而造的,
05:58
yet we sit here in Nairobi and we do not have that luxury.
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但是在内罗毕这里我们可享受不到这种奢侈待遇。
06:03
We wanted to redesign the modem
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我们想要重新设计
06:06
for the developing world, for our context,
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一种适用于发展中国家的,适应我们现在的环境
06:09
and for our reality.
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和现实情况的调制解调器
06:11
What if we could have connectivity with less friction?
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如果我们可以建造一个比较稳定的连网方式该多好?
06:14
This is the BRCK.
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这就是BRCK。
06:18
It acts as a backup to the Internet
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它相当于英特网的后备,
06:21
so that, when the power goes out,
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比如遇到停电的状况,
06:24
it fails over and connects to the nearest GSM network.
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它会为你切换连接到最近的GSM网络。
06:31
Mobile connectivity in Africa is pervasive.
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在非洲,移动通信网络是很普及的。
06:33
It's actually everywhere.
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其实到处都覆盖到了。
06:36
Most towns at least have a 3G connection.
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大部分的城镇都至少有一个3G网络。
06:39
So why don't we leverage that? And that's why we built this.
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那么我们为什么不利用这个条件呢?这就是为什么我们建造了这个。
06:42
The other reason that we built this
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还有一个建造这个的原因是
06:44
is when electricity goes down, this has eight hours
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当电力中断,它还能通电8个小时,
06:46
of battery left, so you can continue working,
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所以你可以继续工作,
06:48
you can continue being productive,
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你可以继续生产,
06:51
and let's just say you are less stressed.
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也可以说你不需要在那么神经紧绷着了。
06:55
And for rural areas, it can be
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在农村地区,可以算得上
06:57
the primary means of connection.
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是首选的连网方式。
06:59
The software sensibility at Ushahidi is still at play
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我们想要知道怎么使用云技术来变得更智能时,
07:02
when we wondered how can we use the cloud
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Ushahidi社区对软件的灵敏性依旧能起作用,
07:05
to be more intelligent so that
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因此你可以
07:07
you can analyze the different networks,
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分析不同的网络,
07:09
and whenever you switch on the backup,
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随时随地打开备份,
07:12
you pick on the fastest network,
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选择一个最快的网络,
07:15
so we'll have multi-SIM capability
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于是我们打造了多SIM卡多待的功能,
07:17
so that you can put multiple SIMs,
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这样一来你就可以插入多张SIM卡,
07:19
and if one network is faster, that's the one you hop on,
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如果某个网络比较快,就会连上那个网络,
07:23
and if the up time on that is not very good,
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如果它的运行时间不是很理想,
07:26
then you hop onto the next one.
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那你就可以立马换下一个。
07:29
The idea here is for you to be able to connect anywhere.
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这个想法就是让你可以在任何地方连网。
07:32
With load balancing, this can be possible.
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有了负载平衡,就用有可能了。
07:35
The other interesting thing for us -- we like sensors --
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另外一个有趣的事情——我们喜欢感应器——
07:39
is this idea that you could have an on-ramp
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这个想法是说你可以拥有
07:43
for the Internet of things.
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一个连接各种网络的通道。
07:44
Imagine a weather station that can be attached to this.
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想象一下它能连接到一个气象站。
07:48
It's built in a modular way so that you can also attach
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它是以模组化的方式建立的,因此它也可以连接到
07:51
a satellite module so that you could have
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一个卫星的模组上,这样你就可以
07:53
Internet connectivity even in very remote areas.
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在很偏僻的地方也可以连接网络。
07:56
Out of adversity can come innovation,
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逆境可以激发创新,
07:59
and how can we help the ambitious coders and makers
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那么我们要怎么帮助那些在肯尼亚的雄心勃勃的程序员和编程师们
08:03
in Kenya to be resilient in the face of problematic infrastructure?
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去迅速适应基础设施常发生问题的环境呢?
08:07
And for us, we begin with solving the problem
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至于我们,首先着手于解决
08:09
in our own backyard in Kenya.
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我们在肯尼亚自家后院的问题。
08:12
It is not without challenge.
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这并非没有挑战性。
08:15
Our team has basically been mules carrying components
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我们的团队基本上一直要做苦力,把零部件
08:17
from the U.S. to Kenya. We've had very interesting conversations
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从美国运到肯尼亚。我们和报关员还有过
08:21
with customs border agents.
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一些很有趣的对话。
08:22
"What are you carrying?"
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“你们都在运什么呢?”
08:24
And the local financing is not
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然后当地的金融机构又不
08:27
part of the ecosystem for supporting hardware projects.
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参加支持硬件项目。
08:32
So we put it on Kickstarter, and I'm happy to say that,
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所以我们只好在众筹网站Kickstarter上面去,对此我可以很开心的说
08:35
through the support of many people,
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在很多人的支持下
08:37
not only here but online,
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不止来自Kickstarter这儿,而是来自整个网络
08:39
the BRCK has been Kickstarted,
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BRCK开始起步,
08:42
and now the interesting part of bringing this to market begins.
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然后接下来就要开始进行有趣的市场推广了。
08:46
I will close by saying that, if we solve this
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最后我想说,如果我们能为当地的市场
08:49
for the local market, it could be impactful
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解决这个问题的话,这不仅
08:51
not only for the coders in Nairobi
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对内罗毕的编码员有着重要的影响,
08:54
but also for small business owners
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而且对那些需要稳定网络的
08:56
who need reliable connectivity,
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小企业老板们来说也很重要,
08:59
and it can reduce the cost of connecting,
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它可以降低通讯费用,
09:01
and hopefully collaboration within African countries.
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而且也希望对非洲各国的相互合作也会大有帮助。
09:05
The idea is that the building blocks of the digital economy
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这个想法是这样的,数字经济的基础构成模块
09:10
are connectivity and entrepreneurship.
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是充满连接可能性和具备着创业精神的。
09:14
The BRCK is our part
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BRCK是我们
09:16
to keep Africans connected,
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让非洲人民保持联系的努力,
09:19
and to help them drive the global digital revolution.
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同时也是帮助他们一同促进全球的数字革命的努力。
09:23
Thank you.
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谢谢。
09:24
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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