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00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni
Reviewer: Morton Bast
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譯者: Yuen-Lam Tsang
審譯者: Ho-chung Chou
00:12
Living in Africa is to be on the edge,
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住在非洲就像是住在邊陲地帶
00:15
metaphorically, and quite literally
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這不單是比喻,也是事實
00:18
when you think about connectivity before 2008.
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如果你想想 2008 年前的通訊品質
00:21
Though many human intellectual and technological leaps
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雖然人類的智慧和科技
00:25
had happened in Europe and the rest of the world,
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在歐洲和世界其他地區大為躍進
00:28
but Africa was sort of cut off.
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但是非洲就像被屏除在外
00:31
And that changed, first with ships
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而情況改變了,一開始是因為海運
00:33
when we had the Renaissance, the Scientific Revolution
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那時候是文藝復興、科學革命
00:37
and also the Industrial Revolution.
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和工業革命
00:39
And now we've got the digital revolution.
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而現在我們有數位革命
00:42
These revolutions have not been evenly distributed
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這些革命的影響力並沒有均衡地
00:45
across continents and nations.
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遍佈各大洲的各個國家
00:47
Never have been.
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從來都沒有
00:50
Now, this is a map of the undersea fiber optic cables
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這張是海底光纖電纜分佈圖
00:54
that connect Africa to the rest of the world.
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讓非洲連結世界其他地區
00:57
What I find amazing is that Africa
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令我感到驚訝的是
00:59
is transcending its geography problem.
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非洲正在突破本身的地理侷限
01:01
Africa is connecting to the rest of the world
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非洲正和世界其他地方建立聯繫
01:03
and within itself.
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還有自己內部
01:05
The connectivity situation has improved greatly,
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通訊情況已經大幅改善
01:08
but some barriers remain.
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但是仍然存在某些阻隔
01:10
It is with this context that Ushahidi came to be.
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此時 Ushahidi 應運而生
01:14
In 2008, one of the problems that we faced
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2008 年,我們面臨的問題之一
01:19
was lack of information flow.
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就是資訊缺乏流動性
01:21
There was a media blackout in 2008,
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2008 年有過一次媒體封鎖
01:24
when there was post-election violence in Kenya.
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正值肯亞選舉後的暴動
01:26
It was a very tragic time. It was a very difficult time.
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那是一段很讓人悲哀的日子
一段很艱困的日子
01:29
So we came together and we created software
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所以那時我們聯手寫了一個軟體
01:32
called Ushahidi.
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名叫 Ushahidi
01:33
And Ushahidi means "testimony" or "witness" in Swahili.
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Ushahidi 是斯瓦希里語的「證詞」或「見證」
01:37
I'm very lucky to work with two amazing collaborators.
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我有幸能和兩位優秀的夥伴合作
01:40
This is David and Erik.
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他們叫作大衛和艾力克
01:42
I call them brothers from another mother.
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我當他們是同父異母的兄弟
01:44
Clearly I have a German mother somewhere.
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顯然地,我的母親是德國人
01:47
And we worked together first with building
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首先我們同力建造
01:50
and growing Ushahidi.
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並發展 Ushahidi
01:51
And the idea of the software was to gather information
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而這軟體的目的就是收集資料
01:54
from SMS, email and web, and put a map
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來源是短訊、電郵和網絡
然後繪成地圖
01:57
so that you could see what was happening where,
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這樣你們就能知道何地發生何事
02:00
and you could visualize that data.
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你們可以看得到數據
02:02
And after that initial prototype,
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建立了初始原形系統後
02:04
we set out to make free and open-source software
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我們開始嘗試寫出
開放原始碼的免費軟體
02:07
so that others do not have to start from scratch like we did.
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這樣其他人就不用像我們一樣
從零開始
02:11
All the while, we also wanted to give back
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一直以來,我們都想報答
02:13
to the local tech community that helped us
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早期幫助我們製作 Ushahidi
02:16
grow Ushahidi and supported us in those early days.
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並支持我們的當地技術團隊
02:19
And that's why we set up the iHub in Nairobi,
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因此我們決定在奈洛比設立 iHub
02:22
an actual physical space
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一個實際存在的空間
02:24
where we could collaborate,
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讓我們可以一起工作
02:26
and it is now part of an integral tech ecosystem in Kenya.
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這地方現在成了
整個肯亞科技生態系統的一部分
02:31
We did that with the support of different organizations
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我們得到了不同機構的協助
02:34
like the MacArthur Foundation and Omidyar Network.
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例如麥克阿瑟基金會
奧米迪亞網路
02:37
And we were able to grow this software footprint,
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因此我們可以擴張這軟體的版圖
02:40
and a few years later it became
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短短幾年就成為了
02:43
very useful software,
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一個十分好用的軟體
02:45
and we were quite humbled when it was used in Haiti
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我們自覺不能居功
當海地的居民使用它
02:48
where citizens could indicate where they are
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來標示自己的位置
02:52
and what their needs were,
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和需要的物資
02:53
and also to deal with the fallout from the nuclear crisis
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還有人們用它來處理
日本的核幅射危機
02:56
and the tsunami in Japan.
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和海嘯的時候
02:58
Now, this year the Internet turns 20,
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然而
今年是網際網路的二十週年
03:02
and Ushahidi turned five.
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Ushahidi 也五歲了
03:04
Ushahidi is not only the software that we made.
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Ushahidi 並非我們寫過的唯一軟體
03:07
It is the team, and it's also the community
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那是個團體,那也是個社區
03:10
that uses this technology in ways that we could not foresee.
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他們以我們無法預料的方式
使用這種科技
03:14
We did not imagine that there would be this many maps
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我們沒有想過會有這麽多的地圖
03:17
around the world.
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出現在世界各地
03:19
There are crisis maps, election maps, corruption maps,
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有危機地圖、選舉地圖
貪污地圖
03:22
and even environmental monitoring crowd maps.
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甚至環境監控組群的地圖
03:26
We are humbled that this has roots in Kenya
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我們不能居功,這本是為肯亞而設
03:29
and that it has some use to people around the world
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現在卻能為全世界的人服務
03:32
trying to figure out the different issues that they're dealing with.
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面臨各種問題時
幫他們想出解決方法
03:35
There is more that we're doing to explore this idea
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我們還要藉著這個概念
發掘出更多
03:38
of collective intelligence, that I, as a citizen,
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關於集體智慧的想法
而我,身為一個公民
03:41
if I share the information with whatever device that I have,
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如果能運用我所有的設備
來分享資訊
03:44
could inform you about what is going on,
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告知你們現在發生的事
03:46
and that if you do the same, we can have a bigger picture
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如果你們也這樣做
就可以讓我們大家
03:49
of what's going on.
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更瞭解全局
03:51
I moved back to Kenya in 2011.
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2011年,我搬回了肯亞
03:53
Erik moved in 2010.
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艾力克是 2010 年回來的
03:55
Very different reality. I used to live in Chicago
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兩個非常不同的世界
我以前住在芝加哥
03:57
where there was abundant Internet access.
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那裡上網的據點很多
04:00
I had never had to deal with a blackout.
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我從來不會遇到網路中斷的問題
04:02
And in Kenya, it's a very different reality,
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而在肯亞,情況完全不同
04:05
and one thing that remains despite the leaps in progress
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有件事是連數位革命的大躍進
04:08
and the digital revolution is the electricity problem.
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也沒能解決的,那就是供電問題
04:12
The day-to-day frustrations of dealing with this
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每天都要處理這令人沮喪的事
04:15
can be, let's just say very annoying.
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可說是非常麻煩
04:18
Blackouts are not fun.
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停電很討厭
04:20
Imagine sitting down to start working, and all of a sudden
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想像一下,你坐下來準備工作時
04:23
the power goes out,
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突然所有供電都中斷了
04:25
your Internet connection goes down with it,
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你的網路連線也跟著中斷
04:27
so you have to figure out, okay, now, where's the modem,
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然後你要找出問題
好,數據機在哪裡?
04:31
how do I switch back?
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怎麼重新啟動?
04:33
And then, guess what? You have to deal with it again.
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而且你知道嗎?
這種事不會只發生一次
04:36
Now, this is the reality of Kenya, where we live now,
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這就是我們所居住的肯亞的現況
04:39
and other parts of Africa.
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非洲其他地區也是如此
04:41
The other problem that we're facing
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我們面對的另一問題是
04:43
is that communication costs are also still a challenge.
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通訊費用依然高得離譜
04:48
It costs me five Kenyan shillings,
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我需要花五肯亞先令
04:50
or .06 USD to call the U.S., Canada or China.
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或者六角美元
才能打電話到美國、加拿大或中國
04:56
Guess how much it costs to call Rwanda, Ghana, Nigeria?
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你猜猜打電話到盧安達、迦納
和奈及利亞的費用是多少?
05:00
Thirty Kenyan shillings. That's six times the cost
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30肯亞先令。比非洲內陸的通話費
05:04
to connect within Africa.
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貴了六倍
05:06
And also, when traveling within Africa,
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而且,在非洲境內旅行時
05:08
you've got different settings for different mobile providers.
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你還須根據不同通訊營運商
來改變設定
05:11
This is the reality that we deal with.
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這就是我們正面對的現實
05:14
So we've got a joke in Ushahidi
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我們 Ushahidi 流傳著一個笑話
05:17
where we say, "If it works in Africa, it'll work anywhere."
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「在非洲行得通的,在哪裡都行得通了。」
05:21
[Most use technology to define the function. We use function to drive the technology.]
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[多數人以科技決定功能,
我們以功能推動科技。]
05:23
What if we could overcome the problem
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如果我們可以藉由解決
05:26
of unreliable Internet and electricity
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網絡連接和電力供應不穩定的問題
05:30
and reduce the cost of connection?
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從而減低通訊成本呢?
05:32
Could we leverage the cloud?
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或許我們可以善用雲端技術?
05:34
We've built a crowd map, we've built Ushahidi.
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我們建立了群眾匯報地圖
我們寫出了 Ushahidi
05:35
Could we leverage these technologies
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我們可否利用這些科技
05:38
to switch smartly whenever you travel from country to country?
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執行所有跨國旅行中的智能轉換呢?
05:43
So we looked at the modem,
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因此我們著眼於數據機
05:44
an important part of the infrastructure of the Internet,
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那是網際網路中重要的基礎建設
05:47
and asked ourselves why
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然後我們自問
05:50
the modems that we are using right now
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為甚麼我們正在使用的數據機
05:52
are built for a different context, where you've got
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是為了一個截然不同
05:54
ubiquitous internet, you've got ubiquitous electricity,
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有著無所不在的網際網路
和不會斷電的環境而造?
05:58
yet we sit here in Nairobi and we do not have that luxury.
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然而,我們奈洛比的人可沒有這些福份
06:03
We wanted to redesign the modem
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我們希望重新設計數據機
06:06
for the developing world, for our context,
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使其適用於發展中的國家
適用於我們的環境
06:09
and for our reality.
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適於於我們面臨的現實
06:11
What if we could have connectivity with less friction?
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我們的網路連線是不是能更順暢?
06:14
This is the BRCK.
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這就是 BRCK
06:18
It acts as a backup to the Internet
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其功能是充當網際網路的後援
06:21
so that, when the power goes out,
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因此,電力中斷時
它會執行
06:24
it fails over and connects to the nearest GSM network.
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故障轉移
連結至最近的全球行動通訊系統網路
06:31
Mobile connectivity in Africa is pervasive.
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行動網路在非洲十分普及
06:33
It's actually everywhere.
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可說是無處不在
06:36
Most towns at least have a 3G connection.
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很多市鎮至少都有三頻網路
06:39
So why don't we leverage that? And that's why we built this.
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我們何不善用這技術?
這就是我們建造 BRCK 的原因
06:42
The other reason that we built this
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我們建造它的另一個原因
06:44
is when electricity goes down, this has eight hours
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是電力中斷時
這裝置的電池還能撐
06:46
of battery left, so you can continue working,
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八小時,因此你可以繼續工作
06:48
you can continue being productive,
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你的效率不受影響
06:51
and let's just say you are less stressed.
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可以說你的壓力就不會那麼大了
06:55
And for rural areas, it can be
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對郊區的人來說
06:57
the primary means of connection.
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這可能是主要的連線方式
06:59
The software sensibility at Ushahidi is still at play
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Ushahidi 這軟體的靈敏度仍很有用
07:02
when we wondered how can we use the cloud
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當我們思索如何善用雲端科技
07:05
to be more intelligent so that
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提高其智能表現
07:07
you can analyze the different networks,
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那麼你就能分析不同的網路
07:09
and whenever you switch on the backup,
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每當你開啟一個備份
07:12
you pick on the fastest network,
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你就能選一個最快的網絡
07:15
so we'll have multi-SIM capability
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所以我們也會提供多 SIM 卡功能
07:17
so that you can put multiple SIMs,
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讓你能同時插入多張 SIM 卡
07:19
and if one network is faster, that's the one you hop on,
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哪個網路較順暢
就連到哪個網路
07:23
and if the up time on that is not very good,
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如果網路的運行速度不理想
07:26
then you hop onto the next one.
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就會切換到另一個
07:29
The idea here is for you to be able to connect anywhere.
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我們的想法是
讓你在哪裡都能上網
07:32
With load balancing, this can be possible.
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靠著負載均衡技術
這是可能實現的
07:35
The other interesting thing for us -- we like sensors --
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對我們來說,還有一件很棒的事
我們喜歡感應器
07:39
is this idea that you could have an on-ramp
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就是你可以掌握一個閘道
07:43
for the Internet of things.
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連接上各種網路
07:44
Imagine a weather station that can be attached to this.
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想像一下
這個閘道能連接到某個氣象台
07:48
It's built in a modular way so that you can also attach
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這用模塊化的形式來建立
07:51
a satellite module so that you could have
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因此也可以連接到衛星的模塊上
07:53
Internet connectivity even in very remote areas.
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那麼在偏僻地區也能上網了
07:56
Out of adversity can come innovation,
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身處逆境可以刺激創新
07:59
and how can we help the ambitious coders and makers
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我們該如何協助肯亞
的雄心勃勃的編碼師和設計師
08:03
in Kenya to be resilient in the face of problematic infrastructure?
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在基礎設施問題百出的環境中
隨機應變呢?
08:07
And for us, we begin with solving the problem
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我們的作法首先是解決
08:09
in our own backyard in Kenya.
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肯亞內部的問題
08:12
It is not without challenge.
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過程不是一帆風順的
08:15
Our team has basically been mules carrying components
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我們的團隊可說像騾子一般
把零件由美國運到肯亞
08:17
from the U.S. to Kenya. We've had very interesting conversations
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有些很有趣的對話,是我們當初
08:21
with customs border agents.
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遇到那些邊境人員時說的
08:22
"What are you carrying?"
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「你們帶的是什麼?」
08:24
And the local financing is not
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而當地的金融機構並不屬於
08:27
part of the ecosystem for supporting hardware projects.
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支持硬體計畫的生態系統
08:32
So we put it on Kickstarter, and I'm happy to say that,
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我們只好依靠 Kickstarter
我很開心的說
08:35
through the support of many people,
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因為許多人的支持
08:37
not only here but online,
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不只這裡,還有網路上的
08:39
the BRCK has been Kickstarted,
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BRCK 起步了
08:42
and now the interesting part of bringing this to market begins.
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現在有趣的步驟開始了
那就是把產品帶入市場
08:46
I will close by saying that, if we solve this
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最後我想說的是
要是我們能
08:49
for the local market, it could be impactful
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為當地市場解決這個問題
08:51
not only for the coders in Nairobi
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影響的不止是奈洛比的編碼員
08:54
but also for small business owners
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還有小型企業的老闆
08:56
who need reliable connectivity,
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他們需要可靠的網路連接
08:59
and it can reduce the cost of connecting,
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這項技術可以降低連接的成本
09:01
and hopefully collaboration within African countries.
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希望也能促進非洲各國共同合作
09:05
The idea is that the building blocks of the digital economy
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我們的理念是
數位經濟的基石就是
09:10
are connectivity and entrepreneurship.
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連繫力和創業精神
09:14
The BRCK is our part
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BRCK 就是我們所作的努力
09:16
to keep Africans connected,
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為了讓非洲人民能保持聯繫
09:19
and to help them drive the global digital revolution.
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並且幫助他們搭上
全球數位革命的列車
09:23
Thank you.
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謝謝大家
09:24
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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