How to Avoid Surveillance...With Your Phone | Christopher Soghoian | TED Talks

翻译人员: Yuezhu Cheng 校对人员: Jiawei Ni

For more than 100 years,

在过去的100多年里，

the telephone companies have provided wiretapping assistance to governments.

电话公司一直都在为 政府窃听提供帮助。

For much of this time, this assistance was manual.

大部分时候，这种协助是人为操作的。

Surveillance took place manually and wires were connected by hand.

监管是人为的，电线是手工连接的。

Calls were recorded to tape.

通话是用磁带录制的。

But as in so many other industries,

但是就同许多其他产业一样，

computing has changed everything.

计算机技术改变了一切。

The telephone companies built surveillance features

电话公司在电话网络的最核心部分

into the very core of their networks.

安装了监听功能。

I want that to sink in for a second:

我希望大家能思考一下：

Our telephones and the networks that carry our calls

我们的电话和传输通话的网络

were wired for surveillance first.

最开始都是装有窃听器的。

First and foremost.

这是最首要的。

So what that means is that when you're talking to your spouse,

这意味着当你打电话给你的配偶，

your children, a colleague or your doctor on the telephone,

孩子、同事或者医生时，

someone could be listening.

可能有别人在偷听。

Now, that someone might be your own government;

这个人可能是你自己的政府，

it could also be another government, a foreign intelligence service,

也可能是其他政府、外国情报机构，

or a hacker, or a criminal, or a stalker

或是黑客、罪犯或跟踪狂。

or any other party that breaks into the surveillance system,

或者其他任何一个闯入监控系统，

that hacks into the surveillance system of the telephone companies.

侵入电话公司监控系统的组织。

But while the telephone companies have built surveillance as a priority,

但是尽管电话公司优先建立监控系统,

Silicon Valley companies have not.

硅谷的公司却没有这样做。

And increasingly, over the last couple years,

在过去的几年里，

Silicon Valley companies have built strong encryption technology

越来越多的硅谷公司 在他们的通讯产品中

into their communications products

植入了强大的加密技术，

that makes surveillance extremely difficult.

使得监听极为困难。

For example, many of you might have an iPhone,

比如，你们许多人可能有苹果手机，

and if you use an iPhone to send a text message

如果你用苹果手机发送短信

to other people who have an iPhone,

给其他使用苹果手机的人，

those text messages cannot easily be wiretapped.

那些信息就不能被轻易地监控。

And in fact, according to Apple,

事实上，据苹果公司说，

they're not able to even see the text messages themselves.

连他们自己都不能看到那些信息。

Likewise, if you use FaceTime to make an audio call

同样，如果你用苹果的视频聊天软件

or a video call with one of your friends or loved ones,

和你的朋友或亲人 进行语音或视频通话，

that, too, cannot be easily wiretapped.

也一样不容易被监听。

And it's not just Apple.

苹果公司还不只是特例。

WhatsApp, which is now owned by Facebook

脸书公司旗下的 网络聊天软件（WhatsApp）

and used by hundreds of millions of people around the world,

现在在全球有几亿的用户，

also has built strong encryption technology into its product,

其产品中也安装了强大的加密技术。

which means that people in the Global South can easily communicate

这意味着南半球的人民沟通时，

without their governments, often authoritarian,

不会轻易地被专制的政府

wiretapping their text messages.

监视他们的短信。

So, after 100 years of being able to listen to any telephone call --

监听了100多年电话通讯——

anytime, anywhere --

无论何时何地——

you might imagine that government officials are not very happy.

可以想象如今的政府官员不太开心。

And in fact, that's what's happening.

事实上，这就是现状。

Government officials are extremely mad.

政府官员极其愤怒，

And they're not mad because these encryption tools are now available.

不是因为现在有了这些加密技术。

What upsets them the most

最让他们苦恼的

is that the tech companies have built encryption features into their products

是技术公司在产品中安装了加密功能，

and turned them on by default.

而且由系统默认开启。

It's the default piece that matters.

主要矛盾就在于这种默认设置。

In short, the tech companies have democratized encryption.

总之，科技公司使加密技术民主化了。

And so, government officials like British Prime Minister David Cameron,

所以，像英国首相大卫·卡梅伦这类 政府官员们，

they believe that all communications -- emails, texts, voice calls --

他们相信所有的通信—— 电子邮件、短信、语音通话

all of these should be available to governments,

都应该被政府掌握，

and encryption is making that difficult.

而加密技术就成了拦路虎。

Now, look -- I'm extremely sympathetic to their point of view.

坦率地说， 我非常理解他们的想法。

We live in a dangerous time in a dangerous world,

我们生活在一个危险的年代， 一个危险的世界，

and there really are bad people out there.

坏人无处不在。

There are terrorists and other serious national security threats

有恐怖分子和其他严重危害国家 安全的因素，

that I suspect we all want the FBI and the NSA to monitor.

我觉得我们都希望联邦调查局 和国家安全局来监控。

But those surveillance features come at a cost.

但这些监控功能是有代价的。

The reason for that is

原因在于

that there is no such thing as a terrorist laptop,

没有一种东西叫做恐怖分子的电脑，

or a drug dealer's cell phone.

或者是毒贩的手机。

We all use the same communications devices.

我们都用着同样的通讯工具。

What that means is that if the drug dealers' telephone calls

这意味着如果毒贩 或是恐怖分子的通话

or the terrorists' telephone calls can be intercepted,

可以被拦截的话，

then so can the rest of ours, too.

那么我们的也可以。

And I think we really need to ask:

我觉得我们真正需要问的是

Should a billion people around the world be using devices

全球上亿人都应该用

易于被监听的设备吗？

that are wiretap friendly?

So the scenario of hacking of surveillance systems that I've described --

我所描述的侵入监控系统的情况

this is not imaginary.

并不是凭空捏造的。

In 2009,

在2009年，

the surveillance systems that Google and Microsoft built into their networks --

谷歌和微软公司植入自己网络中的 监控系统——

the systems that they use to respond to lawful surveillance requests

用来回应来自警方的

合法监控请求的系统——

from the police --

those systems were compromised by the Chinese government,

被中国政府侵入，

because the Chinese government wanted to figure out

因为中国政府想要知道

which of their own agents the US government was monitoring.

美国政府正在监视他们的哪些特工。

By the same token,

同样地，

in 2004, the surveillance system built into the network

2004年，希腊沃达丰公司的 监控系统——

of Vodafone Greece -- Greece's largest telephone company --

希腊最大的电话公司——

was compromised by an unknown entity,

被不明组织侵入，

and that feature, the surveillance feature,

而这个监控功能

was used to wiretap the Greek Prime Minister

被用来监听希腊首相

and members of the Greek cabinet.

和希腊内阁成员。

The foreign government or hackers who did that were never caught.

主使的外国政府或黑客至今仍未查明。

And really, this gets to the very problem with these surveillance features,

而这就是这些监管功能， 或后门的问题的

or backdoors.

关键所在。

When you build a backdoor into a communications network

当你在一个通讯网络或者某种科技中

or piece of technology,

建一个后门时，

you have no way of controlling who's going to go through it.

你是没有办法控制谁会走进去的。

You have no way of controlling

你没有办法控制

whether it'll be used by your side or the other side,

它会为你方还是敌方所用，

by good guys, or by bad guys.

为好人还是坏人所用。

And so for that reason, I think that it's better

正因如此，我觉得最好

to build networks to be as secure as possible.

建造一个尽可能安全的网络。

Yes, this means that in the future,

是的，这意味着在未来

encryption is going to make wiretapping more difficult.

加密技术将会使窃听变得更难。

It means that the police are going to have a tougher time

这意味着警方会更难

catching bad guys.

抓到坏人。

但如果不这么做， 我们就会生活在一个

But the alternative would mean to live in a world

where anyone's calls or anyone's text messages could be surveilled

每个人的通话或短信都可以被

罪犯、跟踪狂和外国情报机构 监控的世界中。

by criminals, by stalkers and by foreign intelligence agencies.

And I don't want to live in that kind of world.

而我不想生活在那样一个世界里。

And so right now, you probably have the tools

现在，你的手机或是口袋里

to thwart many kinds of government surveillance

可能已经有工具

already on your phones and already in your pockets,

能够阻止多种政府监控手段。

you just might not realize how strong and how secure those tools are,

你可能还没意识到那些工具 有多强大、多安全，

or how weak the other ways you've used to communicate really are.

或其他你以前用来 通讯的方法有多脆弱。

And so, my message to you is this:

所以，我想告诉大家的是：

We need to use these tools.

我们需要用这些工具。

We need to secure our telephone calls.

我们需要保护我们的通话。

We need to secure our text messages.

我们需要保护我们的短信。

I want you to use these tools.

我希望你们用这些工具。

I want you to tell your loved ones, I want you to tell your colleagues:

我希望你们告诉你们的亲人、同事：

去用这些加密的通讯工具。

Use these encrypted communications tools.

Don't just use them because they're cheap and easy,

不要因为便宜或是方便而用它们，

but use them because they're secure.

而是因为它们安全。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）