How to Avoid Surveillance...With Your Phone | Christopher Soghoian | TED Talks

譯者: Harry Chen 審譯者: xueling Sun

For more than 100 years,

遠在一百多年前

the telephone companies have provided wiretapping assistance to governments.

電信公司已經提供政府對監聽的協助，

For much of this time, this assistance was manual.

在當時大體上這種協助是靠人工的 －

Surveillance took place manually and wires were connected by hand.

監控的發生靠人力， 而且線路是由人工架接的，

Calls were recorded to tape.

往來電話被錄到錄音帶裡去；

But as in so many other industries,

不過就像許多他產業一樣，

computing has changed everything.

電腦運算已經改變了每一件事情。

The telephone companies built surveillance features

電信公司把監控功能建置在 它們網路的最核心處，

into the very core of their networks.

I want that to sink in for a second:

我要大家好好思索一下這個：

Our telephones and the networks that carry our calls

我們的電話和承載我們收發話線路網

were wired for surveillance first.

被架線是以監控當優先考量 －

First and foremost.

「最優先而且最重要的」。

So what that means is that when you're talking to your spouse,

這個意思就是當你與你的另一半、

your children, a colleague or your doctor on the telephone,

小孩、同事、醫生正在講電話時，

someone could be listening.

某人可以正在聽著。

Now, that someone might be your own government;

那個某人可能是你們自己的政府，

it could also be another government, a foreign intelligence service,

也可以是其他國的政府、 某個外事情報人員、

or a hacker, or a criminal, or a stalker

駭客、從事犯罪行為者、追蹤者，

or any other party that breaks into the surveillance system,

或是破解進入監控系統的任何 其他利益團體，

that hacks into the surveillance system of the telephone companies.

「駭」進了電信公司的監控系統。

But while the telephone companies have built surveillance as a priority,

不過在電信公司當作優先要務 完成監控系統之建置的時候，

Silicon Valley companies have not.

矽谷科技公司們就沒這麼做了，

And increasingly, over the last couple years,

而且在過去幾年下來，

Silicon Valley companies have built strong encryption technology

越來越普遍地矽谷科技公司 把強大的加密技術

into their communications products

打造進它們的通訊產品，

that makes surveillance extremely difficult.

這使得監控變得極度地困難。

For example, many of you might have an iPhone,

比方說你們之中的許多人 也許都有 iPhone，

and if you use an iPhone to send a text message

要是你使用 iPhone 來傳送簡訊

to other people who have an iPhone,

傳給其他也有 iPhone 的人，

those text messages cannot easily be wiretapped.

那些簡訊是無法輕易就被人側錄走的；

And in fact, according to Apple,

而事實上據 「蘋果」 所言，

they're not able to even see the text messages themselves.

他們自己也沒辦法看到簡訊內容。

Likewise, if you use FaceTime to make an audio call

同樣地如果你使用 FaceTime 與你的朋友或是深愛之人

or a video call with one of your friends or loved ones,

做視訊通話或者錄影通話的話，

that, too, cannot be easily wiretapped.

那也一樣無法輕易就被人監聽到的。

And it's not just Apple.

而且不只是「蘋果」而已，

WhatsApp, which is now owned by Facebook

現在被「臉書」所持有、全世界上億人口

and used by hundreds of millions of people around the world,

所使用的「Whatsapp」，

also has built strong encryption technology into its product,

也已經把強大的加密系統 建置在它的產品裡面；

which means that people in the Global South can easily communicate

這代表在「聖公會南半球聯盟」 裡面的人能夠輕鬆地連絡

without their governments, often authoritarian,

而沒有政府 － 通常是專制政府 － 來側錄他們的簡訊。

wiretapping their text messages.

So, after 100 years of being able to listen to any telephone call --

所以在有辦法隨時隨地聽取

anytime, anywhere --

任何電話收發話的 100 年後，

you might imagine that government officials are not very happy.

你也許想像得出來政府官員 是非常不高興的，

And in fact, that's what's happening.

而且事實上那是持續在發生的事情，

Government officials are extremely mad.

政府官員們超極火大，

And they're not mad because these encryption tools are now available.

他們並不是因為這些加密工具 是現在可到手的而火大，

What upsets them the most

讓他們最生氣的

is that the tech companies have built encryption features into their products

是科技公司已經把加密功能 建置進了它們的產品裡面，

and turned them on by default.

而且透過預設把它們啟動著，

It's the default piece that matters.

預設這檔事才是重點。

In short, the tech companies have democratized encryption.

簡單來說科技公司已經讓 加密技術民主化了，

And so, government officials like British Prime Minister David Cameron,

也因此就像英國首相 大衛．卡麥隆的政府官員們，

they believe that all communications -- emails, texts, voice calls --

他們相信所有的通訊 － 電子郵件、簡訊、語音留言，

all of these should be available to governments,

所有這一切對政府而言 應該是可到手的，

and encryption is making that difficult.

而加密技術正使得這件事情變棘手的。

Now, look -- I'm extremely sympathetic to their point of view.

聽好！我極度支持他們的觀點 －

We live in a dangerous time in a dangerous world,

「我們活在一個危險的時點、 在一個危險的世界，

and there really are bad people out there.

真的有壞人就在外面，

There are terrorists and other serious national security threats

有著恐怖分子和其他嚴重的 國家安全威脅」，

that I suspect we all want the FBI and the NSA to monitor.

我猜我們全都想要聯邦調查局 和國土安全部來監查吧。

But those surveillance features come at a cost.

但是這些監控功能帶有著一個成本，

The reason for that is

理由就是並沒有叫做 「恐怖分子的筆電」

that there is no such thing as a terrorist laptop,

or a drug dealer's cell phone.

或是「毒品商的手機」這樣子的東西，

We all use the same communications devices.

我們都使用著相同的通訊設備；

What that means is that if the drug dealers' telephone calls

這所代表的意思就是假若 毒品商的電話往來

or the terrorists' telephone calls can be intercepted,

或是恐怖份子的電話往來可以被攔截，

then so can the rest of ours, too.

然後剩下來的我們這些人 也一樣可以如此被攔截。

And I think we really need to ask:

而我認為我們確實需要去問：

Should a billion people around the world be using devices

「世界上十億的人口應該使用

that are wiretap friendly?

如此便於受監聽的設備嗎？」

So the scenario of hacking of surveillance systems that I've described --

我剛講過駭進監控系統 這場景並非是假想的，

this is not imaginary.

In 2009,

在 2009 年時

the surveillance systems that Google and Microsoft built into their networks --

「谷歌」和「微軟」 應警方合法的監控要求

the systems that they use to respond to lawful surveillance requests

而建立在他們網絡裡的監控系統

from the police --

those systems were compromised by the Chinese government,

被中國政府所破解了；

because the Chinese government wanted to figure out

因為中國政府想找出

which of their own agents the US government was monitoring.

美國政府正在監視他們的哪一位特務。

By the same token,

在 2004 年同樣的舉動，

in 2004, the surveillance system built into the network

建立在希臘最大的電信公司 － 「渥達豐」網絡裡的監控系統

of Vodafone Greece -- Greece's largest telephone company --

was compromised by an unknown entity,

被一個找不著人的個體所破解，

and that feature, the surveillance feature,

而那個監控功能

was used to wiretap the Greek Prime Minister

被用來監聽希臘總理與 內閣成員的收發話，

and members of the Greek cabinet.

The foreign government or hackers who did that were never caught.

做這件事的其他國政府或是 駭客始終沒有被逮到。

And really, this gets to the very problem with these surveillance features,

沒錯，有這些這些監控系統或是暗門

or backdoors.

帶來很麻煩的事情，

When you build a backdoor into a communications network

當你打造一個暗門進到通訊網絡 或是科技的一小部分裡面時，

or piece of technology,

you have no way of controlling who's going to go through it.

你無沒掌控好誰會越過這道暗門的，

You have no way of controlling

你沒辦法掌控到底是你這邊的人 還是其他方的人、

whether it'll be used by your side or the other side,

by good guys, or by bad guys.

到底是好人還是壞蛋。

And so for that reason, I think that it's better

所以衝著這理由我認為 －

to build networks to be as secure as possible.

建立一個盡可能戒備森嚴的 網絡是比較好的，

Yes, this means that in the future,

是的這意味著在未來

encryption is going to make wiretapping more difficult.

加密技術將會讓監聽更為困難，

It means that the police are going to have a tougher time

那意味著警察抓壞蛋即將會有 更為艱辛的時間了；

catching bad guys.

But the alternative would mean to live in a world

但是替代選項意味著要活在一個

where anyone's calls or anyone's text messages could be surveilled

任何人的電話、簡訊 可以被從事犯罪行為者、

by criminals, by stalkers and by foreign intelligence agencies.

跟蹤者、外事情報特務來監控，

And I don't want to live in that kind of world.

而我不想活在那樣的世界裡。

And so right now, you probably have the tools

所以此時你大概有阻撓 許多形式政府監控的工具，

to thwart many kinds of government surveillance

already on your phones and already in your pockets,

已經在你的手機上頭、在你的口袋裡，

you just might not realize how strong and how secure those tools are,

你只是可能不瞭解那些工具 有多強大、多安全，

or how weak the other ways you've used to communicate really are.

或是至今你用來傳遞訊息之 其他方法確實是有多不牢靠的。

And so, my message to you is this:

因此我要給你的中心理念就是這個 －

We need to use these tools.

「我們需要用這些工具」；

We need to secure our telephone calls.

我們需要保護好我們的電話往來、

We need to secure our text messages.

我們需要保護好我們的簡訊，

I want you to use these tools.

我希望你們利用這些工具，

I want you to tell your loved ones, I want you to tell your colleagues:

我希望你告訴你們深愛之人、同事 －

Use these encrypted communications tools.

「使用加密的傳遞訊息工具！」，

Don't just use them because they're cheap and easy,

不要只是因為便宜 和簡單來使用它們，

but use them because they're secure.

卻是因為安全才使用它們。

Thank you.

謝謝大家！

(Applause)

（掌聲）