How to Avoid Surveillance...With Your Phone | Christopher Soghoian | TED Talks

Translator: Alan Watson Reviewer: Shelley Krishna Tsang

For more than 100 years,

過百年嚟

電話公司一直協助政府監聽

the telephone companies have provided wiretapping assistance to governments.

好多時協助監聽嘅工作係靠人手

For much of this time, this assistance was manual.

Surveillance took place manually and wires were connected by hand.

監聽係以人手方式進行

線路係由人手接駁

Calls were recorded to tape.

線路裏面嘅通話會被錄到去錄音帶裡邊

But as in so many other industries,

就好似其他好多嘅行業一樣

computing has changed everything.

電腦改變咗所有嘢

The telephone companies built surveillance features

電話公司喺佢哋網路嘅核心地方

into the very core of their networks.

設置咗監聽功能

I want that to sink in for a second:

對於呢樣嘢我想停一停

Our telephones and the networks that carry our calls

原來喺我哋通話用嘅電話同網絡

were wired for surveillance first.

首要考慮嘅嘢係監聽

First and foremost.

係優先而且最重要

So what that means is that when you're talking to your spouse,

意思即係話當你同配偶

your children, a colleague or your doctor on the telephone,

小朋友、同事、醫生喺度講電話時

someone could be listening.

有人可以聽到你哋嘅對話

Now, that someone might be your own government;

嗰個人可能係你嘅政府

it could also be another government, a foreign intelligence service,

亦可以係外國政府、一間外國情報機構

or a hacker, or a criminal, or a stalker

駭客、犯案嘅人

跟蹤者或者監視者

or any other party that breaks into the surveillance system,

抑或任何攻得入監聽系統嘅人

佢哋都可以入侵電話公司嘅監聽系統

that hacks into the surveillance system of the telephone companies.

But while the telephone companies have built surveillance as a priority,

但當電話公司以監聽為首要嘅時候

Silicon Valley companies have not.

矽谷嘅科技公司就冇噉樣做

And increasingly, over the last couple years,

而且喺過去幾年

矽谷嘅科技公司愈嚟愈 喺佢哋嘅通訊產品裏面

Silicon Valley companies have built strong encryption technology

into their communications products

發展強大嘅加密技術

that makes surveillance extremely difficult.

令到監聽非常之困難

For example, many of you might have an iPhone,

譬如話你哋好多人都用 iPhone

and if you use an iPhone to send a text message

如果你用 iPhone 傳送短訊 俾其他用 iPhone 嘅人

to other people who have an iPhone,

those text messages cannot easily be wiretapped.

嗰啲短訊無法輕易噉俾人截取到

And in fact, according to Apple,

而事實上跟據蘋果公司所講

they're not able to even see the text messages themselves.

佢哋自己都冇辦法睇到短訊內容

Likewise, if you use FaceTime to make an audio call

同樣，如果你用 FaceTime

同你嘅朋友或者心愛嘅人

or a video call with one of your friends or loved ones,

做音訊通話或者視像通話嘅話

同樣都係無法輕易俾人截取到嘅

that, too, cannot be easily wiretapped.

And it's not just Apple.

而且唔只係蘋果

WhatsApp, which is now owned by Facebook

宜家由臉書擁有、全世界用戶有幾億嘅 Whatsapp

and used by hundreds of millions of people around the world,

都已經喺佢嘅產品裡面

also has built strong encryption technology into its product,

加咗強大嘅加密系統

呢樣亦代表咗聖公會南半球聯盟嘅人都

which means that people in the Global South can easily communicate

唔使喺佢哋政府 —— 通常係專制政府

without their governments, often authoritarian,

截取佢哋嘅短訊嘅情況下輕易噉通訊

wiretapping their text messages.

So, after 100 years of being able to listen to any telephone call --

經過一百年嚟 都可以任何時間同任何地方偷聽電話

anytime, anywhere --

你都想像到政府官員

you might imagine that government officials are not very happy.

對於唔可以再偷聽會非常唔高興

And in fact, that's what's happening.

而且事實上

呢樣嘢係發生梗嘅

Government officials are extremely mad.

政府官員宜家好癲

And they're not mad because these encryption tools are now available.

他哋之所以癲並唔係因為 呢啲加密工具出現咗

What upsets them the most

佢哋最嬲嘅

係科技公司已經將加密功能 擺喺佢哋產品裡面

is that the tech companies have built encryption features into their products

and turned them on by default.

而且透過預設將佢哋開著

It's the default piece that matters.

預設至係重點

In short, the tech companies have democratized encryption.

簡單嚟講

科技公司令加密技術體現咗民主

於是政府官員，好似英國首相卡梅倫噉

And so, government officials like British Prime Minister David Cameron,

they believe that all communications -- emails, texts, voice calls --

都認為所有通訊內容

無論係電郵、短訊、語音通話

all of these should be available to governments,

都應該係可以俾政府獲取到嘅

and encryption is making that difficult.

而加密技術令到呢件事困難

Now, look -- I'm extremely sympathetic to their point of view.

我宜家對於佢哋嘅睇法超級同情

We live in a dangerous time in a dangerous world,

我哋唔單止活喺一個危險嘅時候

仲係活喺一個危險嘅世界

and there really are bad people out there.

嗰度真係有壞人

There are terrorists and other serious national security threats

有恐怖分子同其他嚴重嘅國家安全威脅

that I suspect we all want the FBI and the NSA to monitor.

我估我哋都想聯邦調查局 同國土安全部去監察著

But those surveillance features come at a cost.

但係呢啲監控工作係有成本嘅

The reason for that is

噉係因為嗰度冇一樣嘢叫 恐怖分子手提電腦

that there is no such thing as a terrorist laptop,

或者毒販手機

or a drug dealer's cell phone.

We all use the same communications devices.

我哋都用梗同一樣通訊設備

What that means is that if the drug dealers' telephone calls

意思係假如毒販嘅電話通話

or the terrorists' telephone calls can be intercepted,

或者恐怖份子嘅電話通話可以被截聽

then so can the rest of ours, too.

我哋都一樣可以俾人截聽

And I think we really need to ask:

我諗我哋真係需要去問

Should a billion people around the world be using devices

世界上十億嘅人應唔應該仲用

that are wiretap friendly?

呢啲方便人哋監聽嘅設備呢？

So the scenario of hacking of surveillance systems that I've described --

所以我頭先講嘅入侵監聽系統 並唔非係憑空想像嘅

this is not imaginary.

In 2009,

喺 2009 年

the surveillance systems that Google and Microsoft built into their networks --

谷歌同微軟喺佢哋網絡加設嘅監控系統

the systems that they use to respond to lawful surveillance requests

一個喺警方合法要求監聽嗰陣 佢哋會提供資料嘅系統

from the police --

those systems were compromised by the Chinese government,

就俾中國政府所破解咗

because the Chinese government wanted to figure out

因為中國政府想搵出

which of their own agents the US government was monitoring.

美國政府監察佢哋邊個特務

By the same token,

另一宗破解發生喺2004 年

in 2004, the surveillance system built into the network

不明來歷嘅人攻入咗

希臘最大嘅電話公司 「 Vodafone 希臘」網絡裡面嘅監聽系統

of Vodafone Greece -- Greece's largest telephone company --

was compromised by an unknown entity,

and that feature, the surveillance feature,

個監聽系統就噉俾人

was used to wiretap the Greek Prime Minister

用嚟偷聽希臘總理嘅通話

and members of the Greek cabinet.

同埋內閣成員嘅通話

The foreign government or hackers who did that were never caught.

做呢單嘢嘅外國政府或者駭客

始終冇被搵到

And really, this gets to the very problem with these surveillance features,

冇錯

監聽系統或者後門存在著好大問題

or backdoors.

When you build a backdoor into a communications network

當你喺通訊網絡或者喺一件科技裏面

整一個後門

or piece of technology,

you have no way of controlling who's going to go through it.

你無法子控制邊個會穿過呢個後門

You have no way of controlling

你冇辦法控制到底邊個會用呢道門

whether it'll be used by your side or the other side,

無論係你自己嘅人、人哋

by good guys, or by bad guys.

好人抑或壞人

And so for that reason, I think that it's better

所以呢個原因我認為

to build networks to be as secure as possible.

盡可能建立一個安全嘅網絡會比較好

Yes, this means that in the future,

呢樣意味著將來

encryption is going to make wiretapping more difficult.

加密技術會令監聽更加困難

It means that the police are going to have a tougher time

意味著警察花喺拉人嘅時間會更艱巨

catching bad guys.

But the alternative would mean to live in a world

但如果唔噉做嘅話

我哋就要活喺一個世界

where anyone's calls or anyone's text messages could be surveilled

任何人嘅通話、短訊都可以俾犯案嘅人

by criminals, by stalkers and by foreign intelligence agencies.

跟蹤者或者監視者

同埋外國情報機關監聽

And I don't want to live in that kind of world.

而我唔想活喺噉樣嘅世界裡面

所以宜家你可能會有工具阻止政府

And so right now, you probably have the tools

to thwart many kinds of government surveillance

喺你電話、喺你手機裡面 一早進行嘅好多唔同形式嘅監聽

already on your phones and already in your pockets,

you just might not realize how strong and how secure those tools are,

你只係可能唔清楚啲工具 有幾強大、幾安全

or how weak the other ways you've used to communicate really are.

或者調返轉你一直通訊嘅方式有幾渣

And so, my message to you is this:

所以我想帶出嘅訊息係

我哋需要用呢啲工具

We need to use these tools.

We need to secure our telephone calls.

去保障我哋通話同短訊嘅保安

We need to secure our text messages.

I want you to use these tools.

我希望你哋利用呢啲工具

I want you to tell your loved ones, I want you to tell your colleagues:

話俾你哋深愛嘅人、同事知

叫佢地用加密咗嘅通訊工具

Use these encrypted communications tools.

Don't just use them because they're cheap and easy,

唔好因為平同易用就用佢哋

要因為有保安至好用佢哋

but use them because they're secure.

Thank you.

多謝

(Applause)

（掌聲）