Shukla Bose: Teaching one child at a time

翻译人员: Daisy Yang 校对人员: Vivian Lee

I'm standing in front of you today

今天我谦恭地

in all humility,

站在这里

wanting to share with you

希望能与你们分享

my journey of the last six years

我过去六年

in the field of service

在服务

and education.

和教育领域的经验

And I'm not a trained academic.

我并不是一个训练有素的学者，

Neither am I a veteran social worker.

也不是一个资深的社会工作者。

I was 26 years in the corporate world,

我进入企业界26年，

trying to make organizations profitable.

努力让组织盈利

And then in 2003

然而在2003年

I started Parikrma Humanity Foundation

我从我的案桌上

from my kitchen table.

创建了Parikrma人类基金会。

The first thing that we did was walk through the slums.

我们做的第一件事就是走访贫民区。

You know, by the way, there are two million people

大家知道，班加罗尔有两百万人口

in Bangalore, who live in 800 slums.

居住在800个贫民区里

We couldn't go to all the slums,

我们不可能走遍所有的贫民区

but we tried to cover as much as we could.

但是我们还是尽可能地覆盖更多的区域。

We walked through these slums,

我们穿越这些贫民区

identified houses where children would never go to school.

找到那些从来不上学的小孩子的家

We talked to the parents,

我们去和那些父母交谈

tried to convince them about sending their children to school.

尝试说服他们送孩子去上学

We played with the children,

我们和孩子们一起玩耍，

and came back home really tired,

回到家时非常劳累

exhausted, but with images

精疲力尽的时候，眼前浮现的却是

of bright faces, twinkling eyes,

一张张欢快的脸，一双双明亮的眼

and went to sleep.

然后我们才睡觉

We were all excited to start,

我们一开始很兴奋地工作

but the numbers hit us then:

但是马上，这些数字吓到了我们

200 million children

2亿个从4岁14岁的

between four to 14 that

孩子

should be going to school, but do not;

应该去学校但是没有去

100 million children

1亿个上学的孩子

who go to school but cannot read;

却不懂地如何阅读

125 million who cannot do basic maths.

1亿2千5百万个孩子不懂基础数学

We also heard that 250 billion Indian rupees

我们还听说2千5百亿印度卢比

was dedicated for government schooling.

被拨用于政府教育，

Ninety percent of it was spent on teachers' salary

而其中90%用于支付教师

and administrators' salary.

和管理者的薪水

And yet, India has nearly

然而，印度几乎拥有

the highest teacher absenteeism

世界上最高的

in the world,

教师缺勤率

with one out of four teachers

每四个教师中会有一个

not going to school at all the entire academic year.

在整个学年中不去学校

Those numbers were absolutely mind-boggling,

很显然，这些数据都是令人震惊

overwhelming, and we were constantly asked,

并不胜枚举的，并且我们不断的被质问

"When will you start? How many schools will you start?

“你们什么时候开始？你们要开办多少所学校？

How many children will you get?

你们接受多少孩子？

How are you going to scale?

你们如何控制规模？

How are you going to replicate?"

你们如何开分校？”

It was very difficult not to get scared, not to get daunted.

很难不被吓到

But we dug our heels

但是我们总是坚持

and said, "We're not in the number game.

说：“我们不是在玩数字游戏。”

We want to take one child at a time

我们希望每次接受一个孩子

and take the child right through school,

带领这个孩子度过教育期

sent to college,

送上大学

and get them prepared for better living,

让他们为更好的生活，

a high value job."

高价值的工作做好准备

So, we started Parikrma.

所以，我们创办了Parikrma

The first Parikrma school

第一所Parikrma学校

started in a slum

在一个贫民区成立

where there were 70,000 people

那里有7万人口

living below the poverty line.

生活在贫困线以下

Our first school was

我们开始的第一所学校

on a rooftop of a building inside the slums,

是在贫民窟里面的一座建筑的屋顶上，

a second story building, the only second story building

那是一所2层高的建筑，也是贫民区里面

inside the slums.

唯一的2层建筑

And that rooftop did not have

而且那个天台没有

any ceiling, only half a tin sheet.

任何天花板，只有半张锡板

That was our first school. One hundred sixty-five children.

那是我们的第一所学校，165个孩子。

Indian academic year begins in June.

印度的学年从6月开始。

So, June it rains, so many a times

而6月经常下雨，很多时候

all of us would be huddled under the tin roof,

我们所有人就拥挤在锡板下面

waiting for the rain to stop.

等待雨停。

My God! What a bonding exercise that was.

天呐，那是怎样的一项团结的活动

And all of us

我们所有人

that were under that roof are still here together today.

那时在那个屋檐下，今天依然在一起。

Then came the second school,

然后就是第二所学校，

the third school, the fourth school

第三所学校，第四所学校，

and a junior college.

以及一个专科学校。

In six years now,

6年以后的现在

we have four schools, one junior college,

我们拥有四所学校，一个专科学校，

1,100 children

1千1百个

coming from 28 slums

来自28个贫民区

and four orphanages.

和4个孤儿院的孩子

(Applause)

（掌声）

Our dream is very simple:

我们梦想非常简单，

to send each of these kids, get them prepared

就是让每个孩子都能准备好

to be educated

去生活，去接受教育

but also to live peacefully,

同时能平静，知足地生活

contented in this conflict-ridden

在这个充满冲突的

chaotic globalized world.

混乱的全球化世界里。

Now, when you talk global

现在，当大家谈论到全球化

you have to talk English.

我们不得不讨论英语。

And so all our schools

所以我们所有的学校

are English medium schools.

都是英语授课的。

But they know there is this myth

但是我们知道这里有个荒诞的说法

that children from the slums

那些从贫民区出来的孩子

cannot speak English well.

不能流利的说英语。

No one in their family has spoken English.

他们家庭里没有人会说英语。

No one in their generation has spoken English.

他们的同龄人也没有人会说英语。

But how wrong it is.

但这个说法有多荒谬

Girl: I like adventurous books, and some of my favorites

视频：女孩：我喜欢探险小说，那是我最喜欢的类型之一

are Alfred Hitchcock and [unclear]

我喜欢阿尔弗莱德·希区柯克和 [不清楚]

and Hardy Boys.

和哈迪男孩。

Although they are like

这三个很类似，尽管他们

in different contexts,

是在不同的背景里

one is magical, the other two are like investigation,

一个像是有魔力的，而其他两个像是侦查

I like those books because

我喜欢这些书事因为

they have something special in them.

他们都有一些不同的特质

The vocabulary used in those books

这些书里面用的词汇

and the style of writing.

和写作方法，风格。

I mean like once I pick up one book

我指的是，就像有一次我随意挑选了一本书

I cannot put it down until I finish the whole book.

我就爱不释手，直到我读完整本书。

Even if it takes me four and a half hours,

哪怕读完要花费我四个半小时左右

or three and half hours to finish my book, I do it.

或者三个半小时左右的时间，我也愿意去读。

Boy: I did good research and I got the information

男孩：我用Google调查，然后我获得了信息

[on the] world's fastest cars.

世界上最快的车

I like Ducati ZZ143,

我喜欢杜卡迪 ZZ143，

because it is the fastest,

因为它是最快的

the world's fastest bike,

世界上最快的自行车。

and I like Pulsar 220 DTSI

我还喜欢帕萨特 220 GTSI

because it is India's fastest bike. (Laughter)

因为它是印度最快的自行车

Shukla Bose: Well, that girl that you saw,

好吧，你们看到的这个女孩，

her father sells flowers on the roadside.

她的父亲在街头卖花。

And this little boy has been coming to school for five years.

而这个小男孩已经来坚持5年来上学了。

But isn't it strange that little boys all over the world

但是，不觉得奇怪吗，全世界的小男孩

love fast bikes? (Laughter)

都喜欢快的自行车？

He hasn't seen one, he hasn't ridden one, of course,

他从来没有见过一辆自行车，当然也从没骑过。

but he has done a lot of research through Google search.

但是他通过Google搜索做了一些研究。

You know, when we started with our English medium schools

要知道，当我们开始我们的英语授课的学校时

we also decided to adopt

我们也决定要引入

the best curriculum possible,

尽可能最好的课程，

the ICSE curriculum.

就是ICSE（全印度印度中等教育证书）课程

And again, there were people who laughed at me

又一次，很多人嘲笑我

and said, "Don't be crazy

大家说：“你疯了么

choosing such a tough curriculum for these students.

给这些学生选择那么难的课程？

They'll never be able to cope."

他们永远都不可能掌握。”

Not only do our children cope very well,

不仅我们的孩子掌握的很好，

but they excel in it.

他们甚至非常优秀。

You should just come across to see

大家应该过去看看

how well our children do.

我们的孩子做得多么好。

There is also this myth that

这里同样有一个假象

parents from the slums

从贫民区来的家长们

are not interested in their children going to school;

对于让他们的孩子上学不感兴趣，

they'd much rather put them to work.

他们更情缘让他们去工作。

That's absolute hogwash.

这绝对是废话

All parents all over the world

全世界的父母都

want their children to lead a better life than themselves,

希望他们的孩子能拥有比自己更好的生活。

but they need to believe that change is possible.

但是他们需要相信的是，改变是存在的。

Video: (Hindi)

视频：（印地语）

SB: We have 80 percent attendance

Shukla Bose：我们在所有的家长会中

for all our parents-teachers meeting.

有80%的出勤率。

Sometimes it's even 100 percent,

有时候，甚至是100%，

much more than many privileged schools.

这比很多贵族学校都要高的多了。

Fathers have started to attend.

父亲们已经开始出席了。

It's very interesting. When we started our school

这是非常有意思的。当我们开办学校的时候

the parents would give thumbprints in the attendance register.

那些家长要在签到表上留下拇指印。

Now they have started writing their signature.

而现在，他们开始签名了。

The children have taught them.

孩子们教会了他们。

It's amazing how much children can teach.

孩子们能教多少都是让人惊喜的。

We have, a few months ago,

几个月前，

actually late last year,

实际上是前年

we had a few mothers who came to us and said,

我们有几个母亲来找我们说：

"You know, we want to learn how to read and write.

“你知道么，我们想学读写。

Can you teach us?" So, we started an afterschool

你能教我们吗？” 于是，我们开始了课外活动

for our parents, for our mothers.

为了那些家长，和那些母亲们。

We had 25 mothers who came regularly

我们有25个母亲，她们定期

after school to study.

在课外时间来学习。

We want to continue with this program

我们希望继续这个项目

and extend it to all our other schools.

并将它扩展到我们其他的学校。

Ninety-eight percent of our fathers are alcoholics.

孩子的父亲中有98％是酗酒者。

So, you can imagine how traumatized

所以，你能想象这些孩子是来自

and how dysfunctional the houses are where our children come from.

多么让人崩溃和不正常的家庭。

We have to send the fathers to de-addiction labs

我们不得不送这些父亲去戒瘾所

and when they come back,

当他们回来的时候

most times sober, we have to find a job for them

大部分时间是清醒的，我们得帮他们找份工作

so that they don't regress.

以防止他们酒瘾复发

We have about three fathers who have been trained to cook.

我们有三个父亲接受了烹饪的训练

We have taught them nutrition, hygiene.

我们教他们营养学，卫生学。

We have helped them set up the kitchen

我们帮助他们建造起厨房

and now they are supplying food to all our children.

而现在他们正在为我们所有的孩子提供食物

They do a very good job because

他们干得非常不错是因为

their children are eating their food,

他们的孩子在享用他们的食物，

but most importantly this is the first time

但是最重要的是，这是他们第一次

they have got respect,

获得尊重，

and they feel that they are doing something worthwhile.

同时他们感觉自己在做有价值的事情。

More than 90 percent of our non-teaching staff

我们的非教学的职工中，超过90%

are all parents and extended families.

是父母亲和大家庭中的成员。

We've started many programs

我们已经开始很多项目了

just to make sure that the child comes to school.

只是为了确保这些孩子能来上学。

Vocational skill program for the older siblings

给年长的哥哥姐姐们的职业技能项目

so the younger ones are not stopped from coming to school.

这样年轻的孩子不必停止上学。

There is also this myth that children from the slums

来自贫民区的孩子不能融入主流

cannot integrate with mainstream.

也是虚构的

Take a look at this little girl

来看看这个小女孩

who was one of the 28 children

她是所有28个

from all privileged schools,

来自贵族学校的孩子之一，

best schools in the country

这个国家里最好的学校

that was selected for the Duke University

她获得加入了杜克大学的

talent identification program

人才选择项目

and was sent to IIM Ahmedabad.

最终被送到了印度管理研究所（阿默达巴德）。、

Video: Girl: Duke IIMA Camp. Whenever we see that IIMA,

视频：女孩：[不清楚] 无论什么时候我们看到 [不清楚]

it was such a pride for us to go to that camp.

参加那个营地活动对我们而言都是一种骄傲。

Everybody was very friendly,

然后我们去了那里。每个人都非常友好，

especially I got a lot of friends.

尤其是我认识了很多朋友。

And I felt that my English has improved a lot

我还感觉到我的英语进步了很多

going there and chatting with friends.

去那里，和朋友们交谈，和所有的。

There they met children who are

在那里，我们认识了

with a different standard and

有着不同的行为标准的孩子

a different mindset, a totally different society.

所有人都有不一样的思维方式，来自完全不一样的社会。

I mingled with almost everyone.

我和所有人都熟悉了。

They were very friendly.

他们都非常有好。

I had very good friends there,

我在那里认识了非常好的朋友。

who are from Delhi, who are from Mumbai.

有来自德里的，有来自孟买的。

Even now we are in touch through Facebook.

哪怕现在我们也通过facebook保持联络。

After this Ahmedabad trip

自从阿默达巴德之旅之后

I've been like a totally different

我变得完全不一样

mingling with people and all of those.

和人们交往

Before that I feel like I wasn't like this.

在那个之前，我感觉我不喜欢这样的。

I don't even mingle, or start speaking with someone so quickly.

我从不和人交往，或者很快就开始和陌生人交谈。

My accent with English improved a lot.

我的英语口音进步了很多。

And I learned football, volleyball,

我学会了足球和排球，

Frisbee, lots of games.

扔飞盘，很多很多运动。

And I wouldn't want to go to Bangalore. Let me stay here.

我不想去班加罗尔。让我留在这吧。

Such beautiful food,

有多么美味的食物。

I enjoyed it. It was so beautiful.

我很喜欢，这里的食物多么美味啊。

I enjoyed eating food like

我喜欢吃东西就像

[unclear] would come and ask me,

[不清楚] 会来并问我，

"Yes ma'am, what you want?" It was so good to hear!

“是的，女士，您想要点什么？” 听到些感觉多么美妙！

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Applause)

（掌声）

SB: This girl was working as a maid

这个女孩在来上学之前

before she came to school.

是做女佣的。

And today she wants to be a neurologist.

而现在，她想成为一名神经学者。

Our children are doing brilliantly in sports.

我们的孩子在运动上也发挥出色。

They are really excelling.

他们真的非常优秀。

There is an inter-school athletic competition

在班加罗尔，有一个校际运动会

that is held every year

每年都会举行

in Bangalore, where 5,000 children participate

会有5000个孩子参加

from 140 best schools in the city.

他们来自当地140个最好的学校

We've got the best school award for three years successively.

我们连续3年获得了最优秀学校奖

And our children are coming back home

我们的孩子回家时

with bags full of medals, with lots of admirers and friends.

都是载誉而归，并获得很多崇拜者和朋友。

Last year there were a couple of kids

去年，就有一些

from elite schools that came

来自优秀学校的孩子

to ask for admissions in our school.

找到我们想获得入学资格。

We also have our very own dream team.

我们也有自己的梦之队。

Why is this happening? Why this confidence?

这些为什么会发生？为什么能有这种自信？

Is it the exposure? We have professors

这是一种展示吗？我们拥有来自

from MIT, Berkeley, Stanford,

麻省理工学院，伯克利，斯坦福

Indian Institute of Science

印度科学研究所的教授

who come and teach our children lots of scientific formulas,

他们来教我们的孩子很多科学公式

experiments, much beyond the classroom.

试验，大多是课堂之外的。

Art, music are considered

艺术，音乐也在其中

therapy and mediums of expression.

治疗和表达媒介。

We also believe that

我们同样相信

it's the content that is more important.

教育的内容更重要。

It is not the infrastructure,

无关基础设施

not the toilets, not the libraries,

不是厕所，不是图书馆

but it is what actually happens in this school

而是在这所学校里真实发生的

that is more important.

这才是更重要的。

Creating an environment of learning,

创造一种学习

of inquiry, of exploration

探索，研究的环境

is what is true education.

这才是真正的教育。

When we started Parikrma

当我们开始建立Parikrma

we had no idea which direction we were taking.

我们对于未来的方向毫无头绪

We didn't hire McKinsey to do a business plan.

我们没有聘请麦肯锡来做商业计划

But we know for sure that

但是我们确信的是

what we want to do today is

我们今天想做的是

take one child at a time,

一次接受一个孩子

not get bogged with numbers,

而不是局限于数字，

and actually see the child complete

而实际上看着孩子完成

the circle of life,

生命的循环

and unleash his total potential.

释放他所有的潜力。

We do not believe in scale

我们不追求数量

because we believe in quality,

因为我们主张的是质量

and scale and numbers will automatically happen.

大规模和多数量会自动发生的。

We have corporates that have stood behind us,

我们得到了一些企业的支持

and we are able to, now, open more schools.

让我们现在能够开办更多的学校

But we began with the idea

但是我们是以

of one child at a time.

“一次一个孩子”的想法开始的

This is five-year-old Parusharam.

这是5岁的Parusharam

He was begging

他几年前乞讨的时候

by a bus stop a few years ago,

经过一个公交车站

got picked up and is now in an orphanage,

被收留，现在在一个孤儿院里，

has been coming to school for the last four and a half months.

他已经在过去的4个半月中持续来上学。

He's in kindergarten.

他在幼儿园

He has learned how to speak English.

他已经学会如何讲英语

We have a model by which kids can speak English

我们现在有个模型，使孩子们可以说英语

and understand English

并懂得英语

in three month's time.

在短短的3个月时间里。

He can tell you stories in English

他可以用英语来给你讲

of the thirsty crow, of the crocodile

有关于口渴的乌鸦，鳄鱼，

and of the giraffe.

和长颈鹿的故事。

And if you ask him what he likes to do

如果你问他喜欢做什么

he will say, "I like sleeping.

他会回答：“我喜欢睡觉。

I like eating. I like playing."

我喜欢吃，我喜欢玩。”

And if you ask him what he wants to do,

如果你问他他想做什么

he will say, "I want to horsing."

他会回答：“我想胡闹。”

Now, "horsing" is going for a horse ride.

这里，“胡闹”就是等着骑马

So, Parusharam comes to my office every day.

所以，Parusharam每天来我的办公室。

He comes for a tummy rub,

他来是为了来摸摸我的肚子

because he believes that will give me luck. (Laughter)

因为他相信这样会给我带来好运。

When I started Parikrma

当我开始建立Parikrma的时候

I began with a great deal of arrogance

我带着一大堆自负和

of transforming the world.

改变世界的决心。

But today I have been transformed.

但是现在，我已经被改变了。

I have been changed with my children.

我随着我的孩子们而改变。

I've learned so much from them:

我从他们身上学到了很多

love, compassion, imagination

爱，同情心，想象力，

and such creativity.

和那种创造力。

Parusharam is Parikrma

Parusharam就是parikrma

with a simple beginning but a long way to go.

有个很简单的开始，但是有很长的路要走。

I promise you, Parusharam

我向你保证，Parusharam

will speak in the TED conference a few years from now.

会在几年以后在TED研讨会发言。

Thank you.

谢谢

(Applause)

（掌声）