Myriam Sidibe: The simple power of handwashing

翻译人员: Yuting Liu 校对人员: Wenchan Jiang

So imagine that a plane is about to crash

让我们想象一下，一架飞机将要坠毁，

with 250 children and babies,

上面有250个孩童和婴儿，

and if you knew how to stop that, would you?

如果你知道该怎么去阻止这件事发生，你会去做吗？

Now imagine

再想象一下，

that 60 planes full of babies under five

60架飞机上满是年龄五岁以下的孩童，

crash every single day.

而这60架飞机每天坠毁一次，

That's the number of kids

那些孩子们，

that never make it to their fifth birthday.

都是从来没有过过五岁生日的孩子。

6.6 million children

660万个孩子啊，

never make it to their fifth birthday.

他们都从没有经历过自己第五个生日。

Most of these deaths are preventable,

大部分这样的死亡都是可以避免的，

and that doesn't just make me sad,

这不仅仅使我感到伤心，

it makes me angry,

更加使我愤怒，

and it makes me determined.

并且使我下定决心要做些什么

Diarrhea and pneumonia

痢疾（腹泻）和急性肺炎

are among the top two killers

正是杀害不满五岁孩童的

of children under five,

罪魁祸首

and what we can do to prevent these diseases

而我们为了预防这些疾病所能做的

isn't some smart,

并不是某些先进

new technological innovations.

新颖的科技发明。

It's one of the world's oldest inventions:

这其实是世界上最古老的一种发明之一：

a bar of soap.

一块肥皂。

Washing hands with soap,

用肥皂洗手，

a habit we all take for granted,

一个我们都认为理所当然的习惯，

can reduce diarrhea by half,

可以减少一半的痢疾

can reduce respiratory infections by one third.

以及减少三分之一的呼吸传染。

Handwashing with soap

用肥皂洗手

can have an impact

可以减少

on reducing flu, trachoma, SARS,

流感，颗粒性结膜炎（沙眼），SARS（非典）

and most recently in the case of cholera

还有近年来的霍乱

and Ebola outbreak,

埃博拉病毒的爆发，

one of the key interventions

最重要的预防措施之一就是

is handwashing with soap.

用肥皂洗手。

Handwashing with soap keeps kids in school.

用肥皂洗手可以使孩子们健康的在学校读书。

It stops babies from dying.

并且让婴儿不再早夭。

Handwashing with soap

用肥皂洗手

is one of the most cost-effective

是最经济的方法之一

ways of saving children's lives.

来拯救孩子们的生命。

It can save over 600,000 children every year.

它每年可以拯救超过60万个生命。

That's the equivalent of stopping

这相当于阻止

10 jumbo jets

10架满载着

full of babies and children

婴儿和小孩的客机

from crashing every single day.

每天阻止它们坠毁。

I think you'll agree with me that that's a pretty

我相信你们会和我一样

useful public health intervention.

觉得这是一个非常有用的公共健康预防措施。

So now just take a minute.

所以现在花一分钟的时间，

I think you need to get to know the person next to you.

请你们和邻座的人相互认识一下。

Why don't you just shake their hands.

你们为什么不握手呢？

Please shake their hands.

请握住对方的手。

All right, get to know each other.

好，现在互相认识一下。

They look really pretty.

他（她）看起来真漂亮，对吧。

All right.

那么好

So what if I told you

如果现在我告诉你

that the person whose hands you just shook

你刚刚握手的那个人

actually didn't wash their hands

在他们走出洗手间的时候

when they were coming out of the toilet? (Laughter)

实际上并没有洗手......（笑）

They don't look so pretty anymore, right?

现在他们看起来没有那么漂亮了，是吧？

Pretty yucky, you would agree with me.

非常恶心，你们和我想的一样。

Well, statistics are actually showing

统计数据显示

that four people out of five

世界上

don't wash their hands when they come out of the toilet,

五个人中有四个人

globally.

在用完洗手间之后都不洗手

And the same way,

并且同样的，

we don't do it when we've got fancy toilets,

在我们进入有自来水，有肥皂提供的

running water, and soap available,

豪华洗手间时也不洗手。

it's the same thing in the countries

并且在乡村也是这样，

where child mortality is really high.

那里孩子的死亡率非常高。

What is it? Is there no soap?

这是为什么？没有肥皂吗？

Actually, soap is available.

实际上，有肥皂。

In 90 percent of households in India,

在印度百分之九十家庭，

94 percent of households in Kenya,

在肯尼亚百分之九十四的家庭，

you will find soap.

都有肥皂。

Even in countries where soap is the lowest,

甚至在肥皂拥有率最低的乡村，

like Ethiopia, we are at 50 percent.

像埃塞俄比亚，都有百分之五十。

So why is it?

那么为什么会这样呢？

Why aren't people washing their hands?

人们为什么都不洗手了？

Why is it that Mayank,

马扬克

this young boy that I met in India,

我在印度认识的一个男孩

isn't washing his hands?

为什么他不洗手呢？

Well, in Mayank's family,

在马扬克的家中，

soap is used for bathing,

肥皂用来洗澡，

soap is used for laundry,

用来洗衣服，

soap is used for washing dishes.

用来洗碗。

His parents think sometimes

有时他的父母认为

it's a precious commodity,

肥皂是一个珍贵的日用品，

so they'll keep it in a cupboard.

所以他们会把肥皂放在碗柜里。

They'll keep it away from him so he doesn't waste it.

不让马扬克碰肥仔以免他浪费了肥皂。

On average, in Mayank's family,

通常来说，在马扬克的家里，

they will use soap for washing hands

他们会用肥皂洗手

once a day

一天一次

at the very best, and sometimes

这样算好的，有时甚至

even once a week for washing hands with soap.

一个星期才用肥皂洗一次手。

What's the result of that?

那么这样的后果是什么?

Children pick up disease

孩子们在家里会染上疾病

in the place that's supposed to love them

在这个本该最给他们关爱

and protect them the most, in their homes.

最能保护他们的地方。

Think about where you learned to wash your hands.

回想一下你是在哪里学会洗手的，

Did you learn to wash your hands at home?

你是在家学会的吗

Did you learn to wash your hands in school?

你是在学校学会的洗手的吗？

I think behavioral scientists will tell you

行为学家会告诉你：

that it's very difficult to change the habits

想要改掉一个

that you have had early in life.

在你小时候养成的习惯很难。

However, we all copy what everyone else does,

但是，我们总会跟着大流改变，

and local cultural norms are something

并且当地的文化也会

that shape how we change our behavior,

对我们习惯的形成产生影响，

and this is where the private sector comes in.

下面我们就讲到肥皂的销售。

Every second in Asia and Africa,

在亚洲和非洲

111 mothers

几乎每秒都有111位母亲

will buy this bar to protect their family.

会购买肥皂来保护她们的家人。

Many women in India will tell you

许多印度的妈妈会告诉你

they learned all about hygiene, diseases,

她们从Lifebuoy的肥皂中（联合利华肥皂品牌）

from this bar of soap from Lifebuoy brand.

了解了卫生学，和疾病学

Iconic brands like this one

像这样的标志性品牌

have a responsibility to do good

有责任

in the places where they sell their products.

把他们售卖的产品做好

It's that belief, plus the scale of Unilever,

正是这样的信任，还有联合利华的规模

that allows us to keep talking about

使我们和这些妈妈们讨论

handwashing with soap and hygiene to these mothers.

用肥皂洗手和卫生。

Big businesses and brands can change

大公司和大品牌可以改变

and shift those social norms

一些社会习俗

and make a difference for those habits

并且使一些习惯发生改变

that are so stubborn.

这些习惯实在是太难改变了。

Think about it:

想一想：

Marketeers spend all their time

商人们一直想尽办法

making us switch from one brand to the other.

让我们从一个品牌换到另一个品牌。

And actually, they know how to transform

并且事实上，他们知道如何将科技

science and facts into compelling messages.

转换成激发人们兴趣的信息。

Just for a minute, imagine

用一分钟的时间想象一下，

when they put all their forces behind

商人们用尽全力地传递

a message as powerful as handwashing with soap.

一个有力地信息：用肥皂洗手。

The profit motive is transforming health outcomes

这样做的动机就是

in this world.

改善这个世界的卫生与健康。

But it's been happening for centuries:

但是商家们这么做已经有几个世纪了：

the Lifebuoy brand was launched in 1894

Lifebuoy这个品牌1894年建立，

in Victorian England

在维多利亚女王时代的英国，

to actually combat cholera.

当时是为了抵抗霍乱。

Last week, I was in Ghana

上个星期，我在加纳（非洲西部国家），

with the minister of health,

和卫生部长在一起，

because if you don't know,

因为在当时，你们可能不知道，

there's a cholera outbreak in Ghana at the moment.

那里霍乱正在爆发。

A hundred and eighteen years later,

118年之后，

the solution is exactly the same:

解决方案仍旧是一样的：

It's about ensuring that they have access

就是确保人人都能用到

to this bar of soap,

肥皂，

and that they're using it,

并且人们确实在使用它，

because that's the number one way

因为这是预防霍乱传播的

to actually stop cholera from spreading.

首要方法。

I think this drive for profit

我想这个利益驱动所带来的好处

is extremely powerful,

是非常可观的，

sometimes more powerful than

有时甚至超过了

the most committed charity or government.

那些承担着最多任务的慈善机构和政府。

Government is doing what they can,

政府也在尽全力做他们能做的事，

especially in terms of the pandemics

尤其是发生全球流行病的时候

and epidemics such as cholera,

比如霍乱，

or Ebola at the moment,

或者现在正在肆虐的埃博拉，

but with competing priorities.

政府更有竞争力

The budget is not always there.

但是预算并不是那么简单。

And when you think about this,

我们想一下

you think about what is required

能够使每天洗手成为一个习惯

to make handwashing a daily habit,

所需要的经费

it requires sustained funding

它需要持久地提供资金

to refine this behavior.

来巩固这种有益的行为。

In short, those that fight for public health

总之，那些旨在改善公共卫生的组织

are actually dependent upon the soap companies

实际上是依赖于肥皂商家

to keep promoting handwashing with soap.

才能推广用肥皂洗手的。

We have friends like USAID,

我们有USAID（美国国际开发总署），

the Global Public-Private Partnership for Handwashing with Soap,

是世界性的公私合作模式

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,

还有伦敦卫生和热带医药学院，

Plan, WaterAid,

还有Plan, WaterAid(旨在给贫穷地区人们用水的世界性组织)，

that all believe

都坚信着

for a win-win-win partnership.

三赢的合作关系。

Win for the public sector,

公共部门能得到好处，

because we help them reach their targets.

因为我们帮助他们完成了他们的目标。

Win for the private sector,

私人个体也能得到好处，

because we build new generations

因为我们使一代又一代的人

of future handwashers.

形成了洗手的习惯

And most importantly,

而且最重要的是

win for the most vulnerable.

弱势群体也收到了保护。

On October 15,

每年十月十五号，

we will celebrate Global Handwashing Day.

我们会庆祝全球洗手日。

Schools, communities,

学校，社会团体，

our friends in the public sector

还有我们公共部门的朋友们

and our friends in the private sector —

还有私人个体企业的朋友们

yes, on that day even our competitors,

是的，在那天，甚至是我们的竞争者，

we all join hands to celebrate

也会加入我们一起庆祝

the world's most important

这个世界上最重要的

public health intervention.

公共健康的节日。

What's required,

我们所需要的，

and again where the private sector can make a huge difference,

还有私人企业可以从中获得利益的地方

is coming up with this big, creative thinking

都会随着这个远大并且具有创造性的想法而来

that drives advocacy.

并且这样的创意会带来大面积的宣传。

If you take our Help a Child Reach 5 campaign,

如果你加入了我们“帮助一个孩子”的活动，

we've created great films

我们制作了很棒的宣传片

that bring the message of handwashing with soap

片子里面将用肥皂洗手的重要性

to the everyday person

用与人们相关的方式

in a way that can relate to them.

传递给了每一个人。

We've had over 30 million views.

我们有超过三千万的浏览量。

Most of these discussions are still happening online.

甚至很多人到现在依然在网络上讨论这个电影。

I urge you to take five minutes

我希望大家用五分钟

and look at those films.

去看一下这些电影。

I come from Mali,

我来自马里（西非国家），

one of the world's poorest countries.

世界上最贫穷的国家之一。

I grew up in a family where every dinner conversation

在我的家庭中，每天晚餐家人都在讨论

was around social justice.

社会正义。

I trained in Europe's premier school of public health.

我在欧洲公共卫生一流的学校里完成我的学业。

I think I'm probably one of the only women

我想我可能是我们的国家中

in my country with this high degree in health,

唯一一个在卫生学上有这么高学历的女性，

and the only one

并且是唯一一个

with a doctorate in handwashing with soap.

拥有“用肥皂洗手博士”头衔的人。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Applause)

（掌声）

Nine years ago, I decided,

九年前，

with a successful public health career in the making,

当我的公共卫生事业发展的很好的时候，

that I could make the biggest impact coming,

我下定决心要做一个具有很大影响力的事情，

selling and promoting the world's best invention

销售并且推广这个世界上在公共卫生领域

in public health: soap.

最好的发明：肥皂。

We run today the world's largest

我们经营着世界上最大的

handwashing program

洗手项目

by any public health standards.

按照任何公共卫生的标准。

We've reached over 183 million people

我们影响了16个国家的

in 16 countries.

超过一亿八千三百万人。

My team and I have the ambition

我的团队和我有在2020年

to reach one billion by 2020.

影响10亿人的雄心壮志。

Over the last four years,

在过去的四年里，

business has grown double digits,

商业以双位数水平增长，

whilst child mortality has reduced

同时孩子们的死亡率也在减少

in all the places where soap use has increased.

这样的情况发生在所有肥皂使用增加的地方。

It may be uncomfortable for some to hear —

有些人可能会认为我这么说不对——

business growth and lives saved

“经济增长意味着

somehow equated in the same sentence —

拯救了很多生命”

but it is that business growth

----正是经济增长

that allows us to keep doing more.

使我们能做得更多

Without it, and without talking about it,

如果不谈经济，没有商业，

we cannot achieve the change that we need.

我们不能获得我们所需要的改变。

Last week, my team and I

上个星期，我们团队

spent time visiting mothers

去拜访了一些母亲

that have all experienced the same thing:

她们都经历了一件相同的事情：

the death of a newborn.

新生婴儿的夭折。

I'm a mom. I can't imagine anything more powerful

我是一个母亲

and more painful.

我不能想象有什么能比这更震撼更痛苦。

This one is from Myanmar.

有一位来自缅甸的母亲。

She had the most beautiful smile,

她在生活给了她第二次机会的时候

the smile, I think, that life gives you

绽放出了

when you've had a second chance.

最美丽的笑容。

Her son, Myo, is her second one.

他的儿子，妙（人名），是她的第二个孩子。

She had a daughter

她曾有过一个女儿

who passed away at three weeks,

在她只有三个星期大的时候去世了，

and we know that the majority

我们都知道

of children that actually die

孩子们最容易

die in the first month of their life,

在他们刚出生的一个月内死亡，

and we know that if we give a bar of soap

如果我们给那些有经验的

to every skilled birth attendant,

护理人员们一块肥皂，

and that if soap is used before touching the babies,

并且让他们在触碰婴儿前使用肥皂的话，

we can reduce and make a change

我们就可以减少

in terms of those numbers.

新生儿的死亡数

And that's what inspires me,

正是这样的事激励着我，

inspires me to continue in this mission,

鞭策着我继续完成这个任务，

to know that I can equip her

让我可以给每一位母亲

with what's needed

她们需要的东西

so that she can do

这样她就可以

the most beautiful job in the world:

从事世界上最美丽的一份事业：

nurturing her newborn.

抚养的她的新生儿。

And next time you think of a gift

这样，下次你去看望一位产妇和她的家人

for a new mom and her family,

想带礼物去时，

don't look far: buy her soap.

不用想太多：给她买一个肥皂吧。

It's the most beautiful invention in public health.

这是在公共卫生历史上最伟大的发明。

I hope you will join us

我也希望大家能加入我们

and make handwashing part of your daily lives

让洗手成为你们

and our daily lives

以及我们的日常生活

and help more children like Myo

并且帮助更多像妙一样的男孩

reach their fifth birthday.

让他们能过自己的五岁生日。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）