Myriam Sidibe: The simple power of handwashing

165,030 views ใƒป 2014-10-14

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: David Brayman ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
So imagine that a plane is about to crash
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ืื– ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืžื˜ื•ืก ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชืจืกืง
00:18
with 250 children and babies,
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ื•ื‘ืชื•ื›ื• 250 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช,
00:20
and if you knew how to stop that, would you?
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ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื–ื”, ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื– ื–ื”?
00:24
Now imagine
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื“ืžื™ื™ื ื•
00:26
that 60 planes full of babies under five
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ืฉ60 ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 5
00:30
crash every single day.
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ืžืชืจืกืงื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
00:33
That's the number of kids
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ื–ื” ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื
00:34
that never make it to their fifth birthday.
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ืฉืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
00:37
6.6 million children
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6.6 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืœื“ื™ื
00:40
never make it to their fifth birthday.
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ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
00:44
Most of these deaths are preventable,
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžื™ืชื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขื”,
00:46
and that doesn't just make me sad,
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื™ ืขืฆื•ื‘ื”,
00:48
it makes me angry,
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ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื™ ื›ื•ืขืกืช,
00:50
and it makes me determined.
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ื•ื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื™ืช.
00:52
Diarrhea and pneumonia
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ืฉืœืฉื•ืœ ื•ื“ืœืงืช ืจื™ืื•ืช
00:54
are among the top two killers
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ื”ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืจื•ืฆื—ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื
00:56
of children under five,
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ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœื’ื™ืœ 5,
00:58
and what we can do to prevent these diseases
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืืช ื”ืžื—ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื•
01:00
isn't some smart,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ืื™ื–ื” ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื
01:03
new technological innovations.
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ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื.
01:05
It's one of the world's oldest inventions:
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ื–ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื”ืžืฆืื•ืช ื”ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื:
01:10
a bar of soap.
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ื—ื‘ื™ืœืช ืกื‘ื•ืŸ.
01:14
Washing hands with soap,
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ืจื—ื™ืฆืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื ืกื‘ื•ืŸ,
01:15
a habit we all take for granted,
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ื”ืจื’ืœ ืฉื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•,
01:18
can reduce diarrhea by half,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฆืžืฆื ืฉืœืฉื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื—ืฆื™,
01:20
can reduce respiratory infections by one third.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฆืžืฆื ื–ื™ื”ื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ืฉืœื™ืฉ.
01:24
Handwashing with soap
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ืจื—ื™ืฆืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื•ืŸ
01:25
can have an impact
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข
01:27
on reducing flu, trachoma, SARS,
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ืขืœ ืฆืžืฆื•ื ืฉืคืขืช, ื’ืจืขื ืช, ืกืืจืก,
01:32
and most recently in the case of cholera
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ื•ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื•ืœื™ืจื”
01:34
and Ebola outbreak,
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ื•ื”ืชืคืจืฆื•ืช ื”ืื‘ื•ืœื”,
01:37
one of the key interventions
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ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช
01:39
is handwashing with soap.
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ื”ื™ื ืจื—ื™ืฆืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื•ืŸ.
01:42
Handwashing with soap keeps kids in school.
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ืจื—ื™ืฆืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืžืฉืื™ืจื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
01:45
It stops babies from dying.
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ื”ื™ื ืžื•ื ืขืช ืžืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ืœืžื•ืช.
01:48
Handwashing with soap
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ืจื—ื™ืฆืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ืื—ืช
01:50
is one of the most cost-effective
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ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืกืคื™ืช
01:52
ways of saving children's lives.
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ืœื”ืฆืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
01:55
It can save over 600,000 children every year.
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืžืขืœ 600,000 ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ืฉื ื”.
01:59
That's the equivalent of stopping
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ื–ื” ืฉื•ื•ื” ืขืจืš ืœืขืฆื™ืจืช
02:02
10 jumbo jets
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10 ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ ื’'ืžื‘ื•
02:04
full of babies and children
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ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื•ื™ืœื“ื™ื
02:05
from crashing every single day.
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ืžืœื”ืชืจืกืง ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื•ื™ื•ื.
02:08
I think you'll agree with me that that's a pretty
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืชืกื›ื™ืžื• ืื™ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช
02:11
useful public health intervention.
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ื‘ืจืคื•ืืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืช.
02:14
So now just take a minute.
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืงื—ื• ืœื›ื ืจื’ืข.
02:17
I think you need to get to know the person next to you.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื“ื ืฉื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื™ื“ื›ื.
02:19
Why don't you just shake their hands.
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ืœืžื” ืฉืœื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืชืœื—ืฆื• ืื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
02:21
Please shake their hands.
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืœื—ืฆื• ื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
02:23
All right, get to know each other.
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ื™ื•ืคื™, ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืื—ื“ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™.
02:24
They look really pretty.
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ื”ื ื ืจืื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื™ืคื™ื.
02:26
All right.
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ื˜ื•ื‘.
02:28
So what if I told you
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ืื– ืžื” ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื›ื
02:30
that the person whose hands you just shook
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ืฉื”ืื“ื ืื™ืชื• ืœื—ืฆืชื ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืจืง ืœืคื ื™ ืจื’ืข
02:32
actually didn't wash their hands
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื ืจื—ืฅ ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื•
02:34
when they were coming out of the toilet? (Laughter)
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื? [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
02:37
They don't look so pretty anymore, right?
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ื”ื ืœื ื ื™ืจืื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ืคื™ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
02:40
Pretty yucky, you would agree with me.
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ืืชื ืชืกื›ื™ืžื• ืื™ืชื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืžื’ืขื™ืœ.
02:43
Well, statistics are actually showing
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื•ืช ืžืจืื•ืช
02:45
that four people out of five
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ืฉืืจื‘ืขื” ืžืชื•ืš ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ื
02:47
don't wash their hands when they come out of the toilet,
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ืœื ืจื•ื—ืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืžื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื,
02:50
globally.
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื.
02:52
And the same way,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืื•ืคืŸ,
02:54
we don't do it when we've got fancy toilets,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื“ืจื™ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืžืจื”ื™ื‘ื™ื,
02:57
running water, and soap available,
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ืžื™ื ื–ื•ืจืžื™ื, ื•ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“,
02:59
it's the same thing in the countries
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ื–ื”ื• ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
03:01
where child mortality is really high.
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ืฉื ืจืžืช ืžื™ืชื•ืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
03:04
What is it? Is there no soap?
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ืžื” ื”ื‘ืขื™ื”? ืื™ืŸ ืกื‘ื•ืŸ?
03:07
Actually, soap is available.
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื, ืฉื™ืฉ ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื‘ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื™ื“.
03:09
In 90 percent of households in India,
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ื‘90 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžืžืฉืงื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•,
03:13
94 percent of households in Kenya,
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94 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ื‘ืงื ื™ื”,
03:15
you will find soap.
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ืืชื ืชืžืฆืื• ืกื‘ื•ืŸ.
03:17
Even in countries where soap is the lowest,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื›ื™ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฆื•ื™,
03:21
like Ethiopia, we are at 50 percent.
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ื›ืžื• ืืชื™ื•ืคื™ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืขืœ 50 ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
03:24
So why is it?
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ืœืžื” ื–ื” ื›ืš?
03:26
Why aren't people washing their hands?
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ืœืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื”ื?
03:28
Why is it that Mayank,
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ืœืžื” ืžืื™ื ืง,
03:31
this young boy that I met in India,
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ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ืฉืคื’ืฉืชื™ ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื•,
03:33
isn't washing his hands?
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ืœื ืฉื•ื˜ืฃ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื•?
03:35
Well, in Mayank's family,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ืชื• ืฉืœ ืžืื™ื ืง,
03:37
soap is used for bathing,
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืจื—ืฆื”,
03:40
soap is used for laundry,
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืœื›ื‘ื™ืกื”,
03:42
soap is used for washing dishes.
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื›ืœื™ื.
03:45
His parents think sometimes
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ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื
03:47
it's a precious commodity,
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ืฉื–ื”ื• ืžืฆืจืš ื™ืงืจ.
03:48
so they'll keep it in a cupboard.
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ืื– ื”ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืืจื•ืŸ.
03:50
They'll keep it away from him so he doesn't waste it.
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ื”ื ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ืจื—ืง ืžืžื ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืœื ื™ื‘ื–ื‘ื– ืื•ืชื•.
03:53
On average, in Mayank's family,
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ื‘ืžืžื•ืฆืข,ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ืžืื™ื ืง,
03:56
they will use soap for washing hands
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ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื
03:58
once a day
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ืื—ืช ืœื™ื•ื
03:59
at the very best, and sometimes
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘, ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื
04:02
even once a week for washing hands with soap.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืช ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข.
04:05
What's the result of that?
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ืžื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื”?
04:07
Children pick up disease
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ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื“ื‘ืงื™ื ื‘ืžื—ืœื•ืช
04:09
in the place that's supposed to love them
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ืื”ื‘ื™ื
04:10
and protect them the most, in their homes.
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ื•ืžื•ื’ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
04:15
Think about where you learned to wash your hands.
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืคื” ืืชื ืœืžื“ื ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื›ื.
04:18
Did you learn to wash your hands at home?
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ืœืžื“ืชื ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช?
04:21
Did you learn to wash your hands in school?
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ืœืžื“ืชื ืœืฉื˜ื•ืฃ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ?
04:23
I think behavioral scientists will tell you
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืžื“ืขื ื™ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืœื›ื
04:26
that it's very difficult to change the habits
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ืฉื–ื” ืงืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื
04:28
that you have had early in life.
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ืฉืคื™ืชื—ืชื ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืžื•ืงื“ื.
04:33
However, we all copy what everyone else does,
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืขืชื™ืงื™ื ืืช ืžื” ืฉื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืฉื™ื
04:36
and local cultural norms are something
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ื•ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื ืžืฉื”ื•
04:39
that shape how we change our behavior,
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ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืื ื• ืžืฉื ื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•,
04:42
and this is where the private sector comes in.
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ื•ื›ืืŸ ื ื›ื ืก ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™.
04:45
Every second in Asia and Africa,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื ื™ื” ื‘ืืกื™ื” ื•ืืคืจื™ืงื”,
04:49
111 mothers
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111 ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช
04:52
will buy this bar to protect their family.
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ื™ืงื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ.
04:55
Many women in India will tell you
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ื ืฉื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื“ื• ื™ื’ื™ื“ื• ืœื›ื
04:57
they learned all about hygiene, diseases,
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ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื•ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื™ื™ื ื”, ืžื—ืœื•ืช,
05:00
from this bar of soap from Lifebuoy brand.
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ืžืžื˜ื™ืœ ื”ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืžืžื•ืชื’ "Lifebuoy"
05:03
Iconic brands like this one
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ืœืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื–ื”
05:05
have a responsibility to do good
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ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘
05:07
in the places where they sell their products.
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ื”ื ืžื•ื›ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
05:10
It's that belief, plus the scale of Unilever,
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ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ื•ื”ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื ื™ืœื™ื•ื•ืจ,
05:13
that allows us to keep talking about
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ืฉืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ
05:15
handwashing with soap and hygiene to these mothers.
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ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ื™ื’ื™ื™ื ื” ืขื ื”ืืžื”ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
05:19
Big businesses and brands can change
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ืขืกืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ืžื•ืชื’ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช
05:22
and shift those social norms
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ื•ืœืชืžืจืŸ ืืช ื”ื ื•ืจืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช
05:24
and make a difference for those habits
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ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ื”ืจื’ืœื™ื ื”ื”ื
05:26
that are so stubborn.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืขื™ืงืฉื™ื™ื.
05:29
Think about it:
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ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”:
05:30
Marketeers spend all their time
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ืžืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ืžื ื
05:33
making us switch from one brand to the other.
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ื‘ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืžื•ืชื’ ืœืžื•ืชื’.
05:38
And actually, they know how to transform
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ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื”ืคื•ืš
05:41
science and facts into compelling messages.
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ืžื“ืข ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช ืœืžืกืจื™ื ืžืฉื›ื ืขื™ื.
05:44
Just for a minute, imagine
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ืจืง ืœืจื’ืข, ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื•
05:46
when they put all their forces behind
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื”ื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™
05:48
a message as powerful as handwashing with soap.
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ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื ืกื‘ื•ืŸ.
05:51
The profit motive is transforming health outcomes
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ื”ืžื ื™ืข ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื™ื ืžืฉื ื” ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช
05:54
in this world.
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ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ื–ื”.
05:56
But it's been happening for centuries:
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืžืื•ืช
05:58
the Lifebuoy brand was launched in 1894
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ืžื•ืชื’ ื”"Lifebuoy" ื”ื•ืฉืง ื‘1894
06:01
in Victorian England
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ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” ื”ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืื ื™ืช
06:03
to actually combat cholera.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื›ื•ืœืจื”.
06:05
Last week, I was in Ghana
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ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื’ืื ื”
06:08
with the minister of health,
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ืขื ืฉืจ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
06:09
because if you don't know,
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ื›ื™ ืื ืืชื ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
06:11
there's a cholera outbreak in Ghana at the moment.
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ื™ืฉ ืžื’ืคืช ื›ื•ืœืจื” ื‘ื’ืื ื” ื›ืจื’ืข.
06:13
A hundred and eighteen years later,
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ืžืื” ื•ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืขืฉืจื” ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™,
06:15
the solution is exactly the same:
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ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ืคืชืจื•ืŸ:
06:17
It's about ensuring that they have access
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ื”ื•ื ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ื’ื™ืฉื”
06:20
to this bar of soap,
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ืœืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
06:21
and that they're using it,
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ื•ืฉื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื•,
06:23
because that's the number one way
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื“ืจืš ืžืกืคืจ ืื—ืช
06:25
to actually stop cholera from spreading.
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ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืžื’ืคืช ื”ื›ื•ืœืจื” ืžืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜,
06:28
I think this drive for profit
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ืžื ื™ืข ื”ื–ื” ืœืจื•ื•ื—
06:31
is extremely powerful,
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
06:32
sometimes more powerful than
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:34
the most committed charity or government.
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ืžืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื“ืงื” ืื• ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:37
Government is doing what they can,
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ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื”,
06:39
especially in terms of the pandemics
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื’ืคื•ืช
06:42
and epidemics such as cholera,
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื›ื•ืœืจื”,
06:45
or Ebola at the moment,
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ืื• ืื™ื‘ื•ืœื” ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื”,
06:46
but with competing priorities.
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื ืกื“ืจ ืขื“ื™ืคื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ืจื”.
06:49
The budget is not always there.
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ื”ืชืงืฆื™ื‘ ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืฉื.
06:51
And when you think about this,
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ื•ื›ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”,
06:53
you think about what is required
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ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš
06:55
to make handwashing a daily habit,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืœื”ืจื’ืœ ื™ื•ืžื™
06:58
it requires sustained funding
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ื–ื” ืžืฆืจื™ืš ืžื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžืžื•ืฉืš
07:01
to refine this behavior.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื“ื“ ื”ืจื’ืœ ื–ื”.
07:05
In short, those that fight for public health
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ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ, ืืœื• ื”ื ืœื—ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ
07:09
are actually dependent upon the soap companies
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ื‘ืขืฆื ืชืœื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืกื‘ื•ื ื™ื
07:12
to keep promoting handwashing with soap.
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ืœื”ืžืฉืš ืงื™ื“ื•ื ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื ืกื‘ื•ืŸ.
07:15
We have friends like USAID,
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• USAID,
07:18
the Global Public-Private Partnership for Handwashing with Soap,
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ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช-ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ืœืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื ืกื‘ื•ืŸ,
07:21
London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine,
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ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืœื”ื’ื™ื™ื ื” ื•ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื˜ืจื•ืคื™ื•ืช,
07:23
Plan, WaterAid,
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Plan,WaterAid
07:25
that all believe
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ื›ื•ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื
07:27
for a win-win-win partnership.
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ื‘ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืขืœืช ืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื“ื“ื™
07:30
Win for the public sector,
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ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™,
07:32
because we help them reach their targets.
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ื›ื™ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื.
07:35
Win for the private sector,
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ืจื•ื•ื— ืœืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™,
07:38
because we build new generations
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื™ื
07:39
of future handwashers.
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ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขืชื™ื“ื™ื™ื.
07:41
And most importantly,
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ื•ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
07:43
win for the most vulnerable.
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ืจื•ื•ื— ืœื”ื›ื™ ืฉื‘ืจื™ืจื™ื
07:46
On October 15,
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ื‘15 ื‘ืื•ืงื˜ื•ื‘ืจ,
07:48
we will celebrate Global Handwashing Day.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื—ื’ื•ื’ ืืช ื™ื•ื ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™.
07:50
Schools, communities,
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ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ, ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช,
07:52
our friends in the public sector
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ื—ื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™
07:54
and our friends in the private sector โ€”
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ื•ื—ื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™--
07:56
yes, on that day even our competitors,
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ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
07:59
we all join hands to celebrate
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ื™ืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ื’ื•ื’
08:01
the world's most important
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ืืช ื”ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ืช
08:03
public health intervention.
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ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
08:05
What's required,
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ืžื” ืฉื ื“ืจืฉ,
08:06
and again where the private sector can make a huge difference,
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืขื ืงื™,
08:09
is coming up with this big, creative thinking
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ื–ื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืขื ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช ืจื‘ื”
08:12
that drives advocacy.
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ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื” ืชืžื™ื›ื”.
08:15
If you take our Help a Child Reach 5 campaign,
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ืื ืชื™ืงื—ื• ืืช ืงืžืคื™ื™ืŸ ื”"ืขื–ืจื• ืœื™ืœื“ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข 5" ืฉืœื ื•,
08:17
we've created great films
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืžืขื•ืœื™ื
08:20
that bring the message of handwashing with soap
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ื”ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ืžืกืจ ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื ืกื‘ื•ืŸ
08:22
to the everyday person
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ืœืื–ืจื— ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜
08:24
in a way that can relate to them.
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ื‘ื“ืจืš ืืœื™ื” ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ.
08:27
We've had over 30 million views.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืžืขืœ ืœ30 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ืฆืคื™ื•ืช.
08:28
Most of these discussions are still happening online.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืชืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืจืฉืช.
08:31
I urge you to take five minutes
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ืื ื™ ืžืคืฆื™ืจื” ื‘ื›ื ืœืงื—ืช 5 ื“ืงื•ืช
08:32
and look at those films.
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ื•ืœืฆืคื•ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื•.
08:36
I come from Mali,
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ืื ื™ ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืžืืœื™,
08:38
one of the world's poorest countries.
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ืื—ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
08:40
I grew up in a family where every dinner conversation
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ื’ื“ืœืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื‘ื” ื›ืœ ืฉื™ื—ื” ื‘ืืจื•ื—ืช ื”ืขืจื‘
08:43
was around social justice.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืฆื“ืง ื—ื‘ืจืชื™.
08:45
I trained in Europe's premier school of public health.
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ืœืžื“ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
08:49
I think I'm probably one of the only women
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉืื ื™ ื›ื ืจืื” ืื—ืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช
08:50
in my country with this high degree in health,
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ืขื ืชื•ืืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช
08:54
and the only one
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ื•ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”
08:55
with a doctorate in handwashing with soap.
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ืฉืขืฉืชื” ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจื˜ ืขืœ ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืขื ืกื‘ื•ืŸ.
08:59
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
09:01
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:07
Nine years ago, I decided,
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ืœืคื ื™ ืชืฉืข ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™,
09:10
with a successful public health career in the making,
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ืขื ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื” ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื”ืชื”ื•ื•ืช,
09:13
that I could make the biggest impact coming,
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ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:16
selling and promoting the world's best invention
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ื‘ืœืžื›ื•ืจ ื•ืœืฉื•ื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžื•ืฆืจ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:19
in public health: soap.
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ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ: ืกื‘ื•ืŸ.
09:22
We run today the world's largest
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ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืืช ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื
09:24
handwashing program
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ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื
09:25
by any public health standards.
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ื‘ื›ืœืœ ื”ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
09:28
We've reached over 183 million people
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ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžืขืœ ืœ 183 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื
09:31
in 16 countries.
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ื‘16 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช
09:34
My team and I have the ambition
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ืœืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืืžื‘ื™ืฆื™ื”
09:36
to reach one billion by 2020.
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžื™ืœืืจื“ ืขืœ 2020.
09:40
Over the last four years,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ืืจื‘ืข ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช,
09:42
business has grown double digits,
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ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื“ื• ืกืคืจืชื™,
09:45
whilst child mortality has reduced
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชืžื•ืชืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืคื—ืชื”
09:47
in all the places where soap use has increased.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ื”ื ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ื’ื“ืœ.
09:51
It may be uncomfortable for some to hear โ€”
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ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื” ืœื ื ืขื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืข
09:54
business growth and lives saved
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื ื•ื”ืฆืœืช ื—ื™ื™ื
09:56
somehow equated in the same sentence โ€”
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ืื™ื›ืฉื”ื• ื”ื•ืฉื•ื• ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืฉืคื˜--
09:59
but it is that business growth
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืกืงื™ื
10:01
that allows us to keep doing more.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืืคืฉืจืช ืœื ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื•ื“.
10:04
Without it, and without talking about it,
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ื‘ืœืขื“ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื”,
10:06
we cannot achieve the change that we need.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื.
10:10
Last week, my team and I
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ, ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™
10:13
spent time visiting mothers
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ื‘ื™ืœื™ื ื• ื‘ืœื‘ืงืจ ืืฆืœ ืื™ืžื”ื•ืช
10:16
that have all experienced the same thing:
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ืืฉืจ ื—ื•ื• ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ:
10:18
the death of a newborn.
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ืžื•ืช ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืฉื–ื” ืขืชื” ื ื•ืœื“.
10:21
I'm a mom. I can't imagine anything more powerful
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ืื ื™ ืืžื. ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื—ื–ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ
10:24
and more painful.
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ื•ื›ื•ืื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:27
This one is from Myanmar.
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ื”ืืžื ื”ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื ืžืžื™ืื ืžืจ.
10:29
She had the most beautiful smile,
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืš ื”ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ,
10:31
the smile, I think, that life gives you
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ื”ื—ื™ื•ืš, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช, ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื›ื
10:34
when you've had a second chance.
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ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืฉื ื™ื”.
10:36
Her son, Myo, is her second one.
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ื”ื‘ืŸ ืฉืœื”, ืžืื™ื•, ื”ื•ื ื‘ื ื” ื”ืฉื ื™.
10:39
She had a daughter
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื” ื‘ืช
10:41
who passed away at three weeks,
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ืฉื ืคื˜ืจื” ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช,
10:44
and we know that the majority
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืžืจื‘ื™ืช
10:46
of children that actually die
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืžืชื™ื
10:47
die in the first month of their life,
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ืžืชื™o ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืœื—ื™ื™ื”ื,
10:49
and we know that if we give a bar of soap
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืื ื ื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ื•ืŸ
10:52
to every skilled birth attendant,
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ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ื™ืœื“ืช
10:54
and that if soap is used before touching the babies,
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ื•ืื ื™ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืกื‘ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžื’ืข ืขื ื”ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช
10:57
we can reduce and make a change
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื•ืœืฉื ื•ืช
10:58
in terms of those numbers.
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ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
11:00
And that's what inspires me,
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ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉืจืื”,
11:02
inspires me to continue in this mission,
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ืžืขื•ืจืจ ื‘ื™ ื”ืฉืจืื” ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช,
11:04
to know that I can equip her
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ืœื“ืขืช ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฆื™ื™ื“ ืื•ืชื”
11:07
with what's needed
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ื‘ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื“ืจืฉ
11:08
so that she can do
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช
11:10
the most beautiful job in the world:
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ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื™ืคื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื:
11:12
nurturing her newborn.
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ืœื˜ืคื— ืืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื”.
11:14
And next time you think of a gift
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ื•ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืชื ื”
11:17
for a new mom and her family,
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ืœืืžื ืฆืขื™ืจื” ื•ืœืžืฉืคื—ืชื”,
11:19
don't look far: buy her soap.
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ืืœ ืชื—ืคืฉื• ืจื—ื•ืง: ืงื ื• ืœื” ืกื‘ื•ืŸ.
11:22
It's the most beautiful invention in public health.
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ื”ื”ืžืฆืื” ื”ื ืคืœืื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
11:25
I hope you will join us
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ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืชืฆื˜ืจืคื• ืืœื™ื ื•
11:27
and make handwashing part of your daily lives
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ื•ืชื”ืคื›ื• ืืช ืฉื˜ื™ืคืช ื”ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืœื—ืœืง ืžื—ื™ื™ื›ื
11:30
and our daily lives
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ื•ืœื—ืœืง ืžื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื
11:32
and help more children like Myo
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ื•ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืžืื™ื•
11:34
reach their fifth birthday.
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ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื™ื•ื ื”ื•ืœื“ืช ื”ื—ืžื™ืฉื™.
11:35
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
11:38
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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