Aziza Chaouni: How I brought a river, and my city, back to life

翻译人员: Cheng Zhang-Stoddard 校对人员: Erli Cai

I would like to share with you today

今天我想与大家分享一项改变了

a project that has changed how I approach

我如何看待和从事建筑行业的工程 ——

and practice architecture:

the Fez River Rehabilitation Project.

非兹河重建计划。

My hometown of Fez, Morocco,

我的家乡，摩洛哥的非兹

boasts one of the largest walled medieval cities in the world,

有着全世界最大的中世纪围城之一 ——

called the medina, nestled in a river valley.

依偎于河谷之间的麦地那。

The entire city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

这座城市被联合国教科文组织列为世界文化遗产。

Since the 1950s, as the population of the medina grew,

从二十世纪五十年代起，麦地那的人口不断增长，

basic urban infrastructure

户外绿色空间和污水沟等等城市基础设施

such as green open spaces and sewage

quickly changed and got highly stressed.

随之迅速发生了改变，承受越来越大的压力。

One of the biggest casualties of the situation

这其中最大的受害者之一

was the Fez River, which bisects the medina in its middle

就是流经麦地那中心的非兹河。

and has been considered for many centuries

几百年来，它都被看作是

这座城市的灵魂所在。·

as the city's very soul.

In fact, one can witness the presence

事实上，我们可以看到非兹河的河流网络纵贯整个城市，

of the river's extensive water network

all throughout the city,

in places such as private and public fountains.

甚至延伸到了私人或公共喷泉这些地方。

不幸的是，由于河水遭到污染，

Unfortunately, because of the pollution of the river,

it has been covered little by little

从1952年起，这条河开始被水泥板渐渐覆盖。

by concrete slabs since 1952.

This process of erasure was coupled

伴随这个过程的，是沿河两岸许多房子的拆迁，

with the destruction of many houses

along the river banks

to be able to make machineries

以便大型机器能够进入麦地那狭窄的人行道。

enter the narrow pedestrian network of the medina.

这些城市空白很快变成违章停车场和垃圾场。

Those urban voids quickly became illegal parking

or trash yards.

Actually, the state of the river

实际上，在流入麦地那城之前，非兹河还是非常洁净的。

before entering the medina is pretty healthy.

Then pollution takes its toll,

污染来自未经处理的污水 和皮革制造这些手工工厂排入的有害化学物质。

mainly due to untreated sewage

and chemical dumping from crafts such as tanning.

At some point, I couldn't bear

终于，我对它一直以来所遭受到的亵渎感到忍无可忍了。

the desecration of the river,

such an important part of my city,

毕竟它对于我的城市来说是非常重要的一部分，

and I decided to take action,

我决定采取行动，

especially after I heard that the city

特别是在听说麦地那市得到了一笔用于污水转移和治理经费的这个消息后。

received a grant to divert sewage water

and to treat it.

净化了河水，揭开非兹河厚重的混凝土面纱就突然变成了可能，

With clean water, suddenly

the uncovering of the river became possible,

and with luck and actually a lot of pushing,

在运气以及多次施压之下， 我和我的伙伴塔卡克·塔基玛与一群工程师通力协作，

my partner Takako Tajima and I

被市政厅委任为非兹河重建项目的负责人。

were commissioned by the city to work with a team of engineers

to uncover the river.

However, we were sneaky,

不过，我们不声不响地偷偷升级了这项改造计划：

and we proposed more:

to convert riverbanks into pedestrian pathways,

我们决定将河岸改造成人行道，

and then to connect these pathways

再将这些道路汇合，与城市的整体架构联结到一起，

back to the city fabric,

and finally to convert the urban voids

最终把河两岸的城市废墟 改造成非兹的麦地那长久以来一直或缺的公共空间。

along the riverbanks into public spaces

that are lacking in the Medina of Fez.

I will show you briefly now

现在我简单地向大家展示其中的两个案例。

two of these public spaces.

The first one is the Rcif Plaza,

第一个是坐落于河流最上游的拉西弗广场。

which sits actually right on top of the river,

which you can see here in dotted lines.

大家可以从图上的虚线标示看出它的所在。

This plaza used to be a chaotic transportation hub

广场曾经是切断麦地那城市整体性的一个杂乱无章的交通枢纽，

that actually compromised the urban integrity

of the medina, that has the largest

pedestrian network in the world.

这里有着世界上最大的人行道网络。

And right beyond the historic bridge that you can see here,

穿过您看到的这座古桥，

right next to the plaza,

紧挨着广场的，就是非兹河 ——

you can see that the river looked like

它看起来更像是一条垃圾河。

a river of trash.

Instead, what we proposed is to make

我们取而代之的方案是将这座广场全部改成人行道，

the plaza entirely pedestrian,

to cover it with recycled leather canopies,

用回收来的破旧皮革做成行人道上方的天蓬，

and to connect it to the banks of the river.

并将广场和河岸相连。

我们改造的第二处，也是河沿岸的一处城市废墟。

The second site of intervention

is also an urban void along the river banks,

and it used to be an illegal parking,

从前它曾被用作违章停车场，

and we proposed to transform it

而我们提议将它改造成麦地那的第一个游乐场。

into the first playground in the medina.

The playground is constructed using recycled tires

游乐场的地面用到了回收的废旧轮胎

and also is coupled with a constructed wetland

并和我们建造的湿地有机融合在一起。

that not only cleans the water of the river

这片湿地不仅可以净化河水，还可以延缓洪水的泛滥。

but also retains it when floods occur.

随着这项工程的进展，我们先后获得了多个设计奖项，

As the project progressed and received several design awards,

new stakeholders intervened

新的利益群体开始介入，我们的目标和设计方案也在不断发生变化。

and changed the project goals and design.

The only way for us to be able to bring

这项工程的主要目标得以不断向前推进，

the main goals of the project ahead

was for us to do something very unusual

很大程度上完全得益于我们的不同寻常的理念 —— 走 其他建筑设计师通常不走的一条路，那就是：

that usually architects don't do.

It was for us to take our design ego

把内心的自负和设计著作权的所属这些问题放在次要位置，

and our sense of authorship

and put it in the backseat

and to focus mainly on being activists

而将我们作为积极分子的责任放在首要位置， 努力将不同权益集团的声音汇聚到一起，

and on trying to coalesce

all of the agendas of stakeholders

and focus on the main goals of the project:

然后同心协力向我们的核心目标迈进：

that is, to uncover the river, treat its water,

揭开将非兹河盖得严严实实的钢筋水泥，将河水治理干净，

and provide public spaces for all.

并为大家提供一些公共空间。

We were actually very lucky,

我们其实真的非常幸运，

and many of those goals happened

其中的一些目标已经得以实现， 还有一些正在实现的过程当中。

or are in the process of happening.

Like, you can see here in the Rcif Plaza.

比如说，大家现在看到的拉西弗广场。·

This is how it looked like about six years ago.

六年前它看起来是这样的；而现在，它是这样的。

This is how it looks like today.

It's still under construction,

当前它仍然在建设的过程当中，

but actually it is heavily used

但实际上当地的人们已经开始充分地利用起这片空间了。

by the local population.

And finally, this is how the Rcif Plaza will look like

最终，在未来完工的时候，拉西弗广场会变成这样。

when the project is completed.

This is the river, covered, used as a trash yard.

这是重建前的非兹河，一片被水泥板覆盖着的垃圾场。

Then after many years of work,

经过多年的改造，现在掀开盖头的非兹河已经非常洁净。

the river with clean water, uncovered.

And finally, you can see here the river

最终，当工程完工之时，您会看到这样的一条非兹河。

when the project will be completed.

So for sure, the Fez River Rehabilitation

毫无疑问，随着社会政治形态的变迁， 非兹河还原工程还会随之继续发生调整和改变。

will keep on changing and adapting

to the sociopolitical landscape of the city,

but we strongly believe that by reimagining

但我们坚信，通过对于建筑师角色和作用的重新定位，

the role and the agency of the architect,

we have set up the core idea of the project into motion;

我们已经将这项工程的核心思想投入到了实际行动当中：

that is, to transform the river from sewage

将非兹河从一潭死水变成了能够造福所有市民的公共空间，

to public space for all,

thereby making sure that the city of Fez

从而使得非兹城能够作为一个生生不息的宜居城市

will remain a living city for its inhabitants

rather than a mummified heritage.

而不是作为一处已经风化的遗址，长久地存在。

Thank you very much.

非常感谢！

(Applause)

（掌声）