Aziza Chaouni: How I brought a river, and my city, back to life

譯者: YuFang Liu 審譯者: Chia-Yun Hu

I would like to share with you today

今天我想和你分享

a project that has changed how I approach

一個改變我對建築設計

and practice architecture:

方針和實踐的方案：

the Fez River Rehabilitation Project.

費茲河的修復工程。

My hometown of Fez, Morocco,

我的家鄉，摩洛哥費茲，

boasts one of the largest walled medieval cities in the world,

以世界最大的 中世紀城市之一為豪，

called the medina, nestled in a river valley.

座落在河谷，稱為舊城區。

The entire city is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

整個城市為聯合國 教科文組織的世界遺產。

Since the 1950s, as the population of the medina grew,

自 1950 年代起， 隨著舊城區的人口成長，

basic urban infrastructure

基本公共建設

such as green open spaces and sewage

例如：公共綠地和污水管

quickly changed and got highly stressed.

快速惡化引起了高度的關注。

One of the biggest casualties of the situation

最大的破壞之一

was the Fez River, which bisects the medina in its middle

是平分舊城區兩岸的費茲河。

and has been considered for many centuries

許多世紀以來

as the city's very soul.

費茲河被公認為該城的靈魂。

In fact, one can witness the presence

事實上，人們可以親自見證

of the river's extensive water network

廣闊的河脈水網

all throughout the city,

流經整個城市，

in places such as private and public fountains.

如私人和公共噴泉等地方。

Unfortunately, because of the pollution of the river,

不幸地，自 1952 年以來， 因為河川污染，

it has been covered little by little

受到混凝土板

by concrete slabs since 1952.

一點一滴的掩蓋。

This process of erasure was coupled

整個拆除過程

with the destruction of many houses

摧毀了許多

along the river banks

河堤周邊的房子，

to be able to make machineries

目的是讓機器

enter the narrow pedestrian network of the medina.

進入麥地那狹窄的人行道。

Those urban voids quickly became illegal parking

這些城市裡的空地 很快成為了非法停車場

or trash yards.

或垃圾場。

Actually, the state of the river

事實上，河流在進入舊城區之前的水質

before entering the medina is pretty healthy.

相當乾淨。

Then pollution takes its toll,

後來受到環境污染，

mainly due to untreated sewage

主要是因為未經處理的污水

and chemical dumping from crafts such as tanning.

及如鞣革等，工藝品化學劑的排放。

At some point, I couldn't bear

到了某個程度，由於我無法忍受

the desecration of the river,

河流遭到褻瀆 ，

such an important part of my city,

這是我家鄉相當重要的一部分，

and I decided to take action,

於是我決定採取行動，

especially after I heard that the city

尤其是當我得知

received a grant to divert sewage water

政府將撥款處理污水

and to treat it.

和改善情況。

With clean water, suddenly

有了乾淨的水，

the uncovering of the river became possible,

重新整頓這條河流變得更有可能，

and with luck and actually a lot of pushing,

除了運氣還有很多的鞭策，

my partner Takako Tajima and I

政府聘請了我和我的夥伴田島貴子

were commissioned by the city to work with a team of engineers

與一個工程師團隊

to uncover the river.

一起揭開這條河流的面紗。

However, we were sneaky,

然而我們很鬼祟，

and we proposed more:

我們要求更多：

to convert riverbanks into pedestrian pathways,

將河堤改為人行步道，

and then to connect these pathways

然後將這些步道連結

back to the city fabric,

回到城市的結構，

and finally to convert the urban voids

最後將沿著河堤的空地

along the riverbanks into public spaces

轉變爲公共場合，

that are lacking in the Medina of Fez.

也就是費茲舊城區 所欠缺的人行步道。

I will show you briefly now

現在我簡要告訴你

two of these public spaces.

這些公共場所中的二個地方

The first one is the Rcif Plaza,

第一個是 Rcif 廣場，

which sits actually right on top of the river,

實際上就在河的上方，

which you can see here in dotted lines.

也就是你在這裡所看到的虛線。

This plaza used to be a chaotic transportation hub

這個廣場曾經是混亂的交通樞紐，

that actually compromised the urban integrity

實際上損害了舊城區完整性，

of the medina, that has the largest

其在世界上擁有最大的

pedestrian network in the world.

人行步道網路。

And right beyond the historic bridge that you can see here,

你可以在這裡看到歷史名橋的下面，

right next to the plaza,

就在廣場旁邊，

you can see that the river looked like

你可看到河流看起來

a river of trash.

像一條垃圾河。

Instead, what we proposed is to make

相反地，我們提議

使廣場完全成為人行步道區，

the plaza entirely pedestrian,

to cover it with recycled leather canopies,

廣場上方搭蓋再生皮帳篷，

and to connect it to the banks of the river.

和河堤連結。

The second site of intervention

第二項干預

is also an urban void along the river banks,

也是沿著河堤的城市虛體空間，

and it used to be an illegal parking,

它曾經是一個非法停車場，

and we proposed to transform it

我們提議將它

into the first playground in the medina.

轉變為舊城區的第一個休閒活動場。

The playground is constructed using recycled tires

休閒活動場的地面採用再生輪胎來建構，

and also is coupled with a constructed wetland

同時也結合人工濕地，

that not only cleans the water of the river

不只淨化了河流的水，

but also retains it when floods occur.

當洪水爆發時， 也能保持它的原貌。

As the project progressed and received several design awards,

隨著計劃的發展，獲得多項設計大獎，

new stakeholders intervened

新的利益相關人士介入干涉，

and changed the project goals and design.

改變了計劃目標和設計。

The only way for us to be able to bring

唯一能夠讓我們繼續履行

the main goals of the project ahead

這個工程的主要目標，

was for us to do something very unusual

是要我們做一些非比尋常的事，

that usually architects don't do.

通常建築師不會做的事。

It was for us to take our design ego

那也就是把設計的自尊

and our sense of authorship

和主權意識

and put it in the backseat

拋在後面，

and to focus mainly on being activists

並著重成為社會活動人士，

and on trying to coalesce

且試著配合

all of the agendas of stakeholders

這個利害關係人的議程，

and focus on the main goals of the project:

重點放在項目的主要目標：

that is, to uncover the river, treat its water,

就是揭開這條河的面紗、整治污水

and provide public spaces for all.

以及為大家提供公共空間。

We were actually very lucky,

我們事實上非常幸運，

and many of those goals happened

很多目標都有實現

or are in the process of happening.

或者正在發生進行中。

Like, you can see here in the Rcif Plaza.

例如照片中的 Rcif 廣場。

This is how it looked like about six years ago.

這是6年前的樣貌。

This is how it looks like today.

這是現在的樣貌，

It's still under construction,

現在仍然在建造中，

but actually it is heavily used

但實際上是當地人口

by the local population.

過度使用。

And finally, this is how the Rcif Plaza will look like

最後，當計劃完成時，

when the project is completed.

這是 Rcif 廣場未來的樣貌。

This is the river, covered, used as a trash yard.

這是河流受到垃圾掩蓋的樣子。

Then after many years of work,

於是經過多年努力後，

the river with clean water, uncovered.

河流清澈，沒有受到掩蓋。

And finally, you can see here the river

最後，當計劃結束時

when the project will be completed.

你可以在這裡看到河流。

So for sure, the Fez River Rehabilitation

當然，重建費茲河流的行動

will keep on changing and adapting

將持續改變和適應

to the sociopolitical landscape of the city,

城市的社會政治景觀。

but we strongly believe that by reimagining

但我們堅信

the role and the agency of the architect,

重塑建築師的角色和機構，

we have set up the core idea of the project into motion;

為我們訂定了核心理念，

that is, to transform the river from sewage

就是轉變受污染的河流

to public space for all,

和所有公共空間，

thereby making sure that the city of Fez

因此確定費茲城市

will remain a living city for its inhabitants

將為當地居民保持原有的城市生活

rather than a mummified heritage.

而不是成為一個木乃伊的遺蹟。

Thank you very much.

非常謝謝大家。

(Applause)

（掌聲）