Zainab Salbi: Women, wartime and the dream of peace

翻译人员: Andrea Feng 校对人员: Xinli Geng

I woke up in the middle of the night

半夜里一声巨大的爆炸声

with the sound of heavy explosion.

把我从睡梦中惊醒

It was deep at night.

当时已经很晚了

I do not remember what time it was.

我不记得确切的时间

I just remember the sound

只记得那声音

was so heavy

是如此巨大

and so very shocking.

如此吓人

Everything in my room was shaking --

我屋里的每样东西都在晃动

my heart, my windows,

我的心，我的窗户

my bed, everything.

我的床，全都在晃动

I looked out the windows

我望向窗外

and I saw a full half-circle

看到一个完整的

of explosion.

半圆形火球

I thought it was just like the movies,

我心想这简直就是电影

but the movies had not conveyed them

可电影却无法准确表现

in the powerful image that I was seeing

我所看到的震慑人心的画面

full of bright red

那鲜亮的红色

and orange and gray,

橙色和灰色

and a full circle of explosion.

以及爆炸产生的的一团火球

And I kept on staring at it

我目不转睛地盯着

until it disappeared.

直到那团火球消失

I went back to my bed,

然后我回到床上

and I prayed,

开始祷告

and I secretly thanked God

我偷偷地感谢上帝

that that missile

只因那枚导弹

did not land on my family's home,

没有打中我家

that it did not kill my family that night.

没有杀死我的家人

Thirty years have passed,

三十年过去了

and I still feel guilty about that prayer,

我仍对那次的祷告感到愧疚

for the next day, I learned that that missile

因为第二天我才知道，那枚导弹

landed on my brother's friend's home

打中了我哥哥的朋友家

and killed him

并且杀死了

and his father,

他和他的父亲

but did not kill his mother or his sister.

他的母亲和妹妹则逃过一劫

His mother showed up the next week

一个礼拜后

at my brother's classroom

他的母亲去到我哥哥的教室

and begged seven-year-old kids

恳求那些七岁大的孩子

to share with her any picture they may have

能够把他们手中有她儿子

of her son,

的照片统统给她

for she had lost everything.

因为她失去了一切

This is not a story

这个故事不是关于

of a nameless survivor of war,

某个在战争中存活下来的无名者

and nameless refugees,

也不是关于

whose stereotypical images we see in our newspapers

我们常在报纸或电视中看到的

and our TV

那些无名的难民

with tattered clothes,

他们衣不蔽体

dirty face, scared eyes.

蓬头垢面，眼神惊恐

This is not a story of a nameless someone

这也不是某些我们不知道姓名的人的故事

who lived in some war,

那些生活在某场战争中

who we do not know their hopes, their dreams,

我们不知道他们的希望与梦想

their accomplishments, their families,

不清楚他们的成就与家庭

their beliefs, their values.

也不了解他们的信仰和价值观

This is my story.

这是我的故事

I was that girl.

我就是那个女孩

I am another image and vision

我就是另一个有关战争存活者的

of another survivor of war.

鲜活的描绘

I am that refugee,

我就是那个难民

and I am that girl.

我就是那个女孩

You see,

你现在知道

I grew up in war-torn Iraq,

我在战争中的伊拉克成长

and I believe that there are two sides of wars

我相信战争有不同的两面

and we've only seen

而我们只看到

one side of it.

其中的一面

We only talk about

我们只谈论

one side of it.

其中的一面

But there's another side

但战争还有另一面

that I have witnessed

这一面我亲眼见过

as someone who lived in it

作为一个曾经生活在其中的人

and someone who ended up working in it.

一个最终从事这方面工作的人

I grew up with the colors of war --

我在战争的颜色中成长

the red colors of fire and blood,

红色的血与火

the brown tones of earth

棕色的土地

as it explodes

爆炸

in our faces

就在我面前

and the piercing silver

还有银色的碎片

of an exploded missile,

导弹爆炸时飞散而来

so bright

那么明亮

that nothing can protect your eyes from it.

没有东西可以保护你的眼睛

I grew up

我成长于

with the sounds of war --

战争的声音中

the staccato sounds of gunfire,

那些断断续续的枪火声

the wrenching booms of explosions,

折磨人的爆炸声

ominous drones of jets flying overhead

飞机过顶时的轰隆声

and the wailing warning sounds

还有警笛发出的

of sirens.

哀号

These are the sounds you would expect,

这些都是你能想到的声音

but they are also the sounds

还有一些声音

of dissonant concerts of a flock of birds

比如说一群鸟在深夜

screeching in the night,

发出不和谐的尖叫

the high-pitched honest cries

孩子们发出的

of children

高亢的哭声

and the thunderous,

还有如雷般

unbearable

难以忍受的

silence.

寂静

"War," a friend of mine said,

“战争”，我的一个朋友曾经说过

"is not about sound at all.

“根本不是有声的

It is actually about silence,

它其实是一种沉默

the silence of humanity."

人性的沉默”

I have since left Iraq

从那以后我离开了伊拉克

and founded a group called Women for Women International

成立了一个叫做国际妇女互助会(Women for Women International)的组织

that ends up working

并最终和一群

with women survivors of wars.

战争中存活下来的女性们一起工作

In my travels and in my work,

在我的旅途和工作中

from Congo to Afghanistan,

从刚果到阿富汗

from Sudan to Rwanda,

从苏丹到卢旺达

I have learned not only

我发现

that the colors and the sounds of war are the same,

不仅战争的颜色和声音是相同的

but the fears of war are the same.

对战争的恐惧也是一样的

You know, there is a fear of dying,

对死亡的恐惧是众所周知的

and do not believe any movie character

不要相信那些

where the hero is not afraid.

电影中对死亡无所畏惧的英雄

It is very scary

非常的恐怖

to go through that feeling

经历那种

of "I am about to die"

“我要死了”

or "I could die in this explosion."

或者“我可能会在爆炸中死亡”的感觉

But there's also the fear

但是还有一种

of losing loved ones,

对于失去至亲的恐惧

and I think that's even worse.

在我看来更为可怕

It's too painful. You don't want to think about it.

光是想想就能让你觉得痛苦不堪

But I think the worst kind of fear is the fear --

但我认为最大的恐惧

as Samia, a Bosnian woman, once told me,

正如一个经历了四年萨拉热窝围城的

who survived the four-years besiege of Sarajevo;

波斯尼亚女人Samia曾对我说的那样

she said, "The fear

她说，“是害怕

of losing

失去

the 'I' in me,

内在的自我

the fear of losing

害怕失去

the 'I' in me."

内在的自我”

That's what my mother in Iraq

我在伊拉克的母亲

used to tell me.

也曾经这么说过

It's like dying from inside-out.

这好像从内心开始死去一样

A Palestinian woman once told me,

一个巴勒斯但女人曾跟我说

"It is not about the fear of one death,"

”这不是对一次死亡的恐惧

she said, "sometimes I feel

我有时甚至觉得

I die 10 times in one day,"

我一天死了十次。“

as she was describing the marches of soldiers

她同时跟我描述士兵列队前进

and the sounds of their bullets.

还有他们的子弹的声音

She said, "But it's not fair,

她继续说道，”但不公平

because there is only one life,

因为生命只有一次

and there should only be one death."

死亡也应该只有一次。”

We have been only seeing

我们只看到

one side of war.

战争的一面

We have only been discussing and consumed

我们只探讨

with high-level preoccupations

和高度关注

over troop levels, drawdown timelines,

作战计划和时间线的制定

surges and sting operations,

关注如何进攻和打击

when we should be examining the details

而我们却更应该去研究

of where the social fabric

从社会被撕裂得

has been most torn,

最严重的地方开始

where the community has improvised

研究人们是如何应变

and survived

以及生存

and shown acts of resilience

同时表现出

and amazing courage

让生活继续的韧性

just to keep life going.

和惊人的勇气

We have been so consumed

我们听到了太多

with seemingly objective discussions

表面上很客观的讨论和论调

of politics, tactics,

无论是关于政治、战术

weapons, dollars

武器、美元

and casualties.

还是伤亡人数

This is the language

这些都是贫乏

of sterility.

无力的语言

How casually

我们竟用

we treat casualties

如此漫不经心的口吻

in the context of this topic.

谈论战争伤害

This is where we conceive of rape and casualties

好像我们觉得强奸和伤亡

as inevitabilities.

都是不可避免的一样

Eighty percent of refugees around the world

世界上有80%的难民

are women and children. Oh.

是女人和孩童

Ninety percent of modern war casualties

现代战争中

are civilians.

平民占了90%的伤亡

Seventy-five percent of them are women and children.

其中又有75%是妇女和孩童

How interesting.

真有意思啊

Oh, half a million women in Rwanda

在卢旺达，有50万女人

get raped in 100 days.

在100天内被强奸

Or, as we speak now,

就在此刻

hundreds of thousands of Congolese women

成百上千的刚果女人

are getting raped and mutilated.

被强奸和凌虐

How interesting.

真有意思啊

These just become numbers that we refer to.

这些却只是成为我们参考的数字

The front of wars

在战争前线

is increasingly non-human eyes

不断增加的卫星

peering down on our perceived enemies

从太空中俯视着

from space,

我们已知的敌人

guiding missiles toward unseen targets,

指引导弹飞向隐形的目标

while the human conduct

当人们为了

of the orchestra of media relations

媒体文章的丰富性而表演时

in the event that this particular drone attack

这架无人驾驶的武器

hits a villager

没有击中极端分子

instead of an extremist.

打到一个村民

It is a chess game.

这是一场国际象棋比赛

You learn to play an international relations school

你学习如何去玩一场国际关系的比赛

on your way out and up

当你离开时

to national and international leadership.

在国内和国际领导者中游刃有余

Checkmate.

完全失败！

We are missing

我们完全忽略了

a completely other side of wars.

战争的另一面

We are missing my mother's story,

我们忽略了我母亲的故事

who made sure with every siren, with every raid,

每一次警笛响起、袭击来临时

with every cut off-of electricity,

每一次断电时

she played puppet shows for my brothers and I,

她都会给我和哥哥表演手偶

so we would not be scared

这样我们就不会对爆炸的声音

of the sounds of explosions.

感到害怕

We are missing the story of Fareeda,

我们忽略了Fareeda的故事

a music teacher,

她是一个音乐老师

a piano teacher, in Sarajevo,

在萨拉热窝教钢琴

who made sure

她保证

that she kept the music school open

她的音乐学校

every single day

在四年的萨拉热窝围城中

in the four years of besiege in Sarajevo

每一天都正常运转

and walked to that school,

她每天走路去学校

despite the snipers shooting

不管机枪如何瞄准

at that school and at her,

她的学校和她自己

and kept the piano, the violin, the cello

保证钢琴、小提琴和大提琴

playing the whole duration of the war,

在战争期间都被学生们

with students wearing their gloves and hats and coats.

带着手套、帽子，穿着大衣来弹奏。

That was her fight.

那是她的抗争

That was her resistance.

那是她的抵抗

We are missing the story of Nehia,

我们忽略了Nehia的故事

a Palestinian woman in Gaza

她是一名生活在加沙的巴勒斯坦女人

who, the minute there was a cease-fire in the last year's war,

她在去年战争停火的那一刻

she left out of home,

离开家门

collected all the flour

四处收集面粉

and baked as much bread for every neighbor to have,

并烘烤出足够所有邻居的面包

in case there is no cease-fire the day after.

以防第二天就不再有停火协议

We are missing

我们忽略了

the stories of Violet,

Violet的故事

who, despite surviving genocide in the church massacre,

就算刚从教堂的种族屠杀中逃脱

she kept on going on,

她依然继续

burying bodies, cleaning homes, cleaning the streets.

埋葬尸体，清理房屋和街道

We are missing stories of women

我们忽略了那些女人的故事

who are literally keeping life going

她们在战火中

in the midst of wars.

依旧维持生活运转

Do you know --

你知道吗

do you know that people fall in love in war

人们在战火中相爱

and go to school

去学校上课

and go to factories and hospitals

去工厂和医院工作

and get divorced and go dancing and go playing

离婚、跳舞、游乐

and live life going?

努力生活下去

And the ones who are keeping that life

而那些维持生活继续的

are women.

是女人们

There are two sides of war.

战争是有两面性的

There is a side that fights,

有在战场上厮杀的一面

and there is a side that keeps the schools

也有维持学校

and the factories and the hospitals open.

工厂和医院运转的一面

There is a side that is focused on winning battles,

一面专注于如何赢得战斗

and there is a side that is focused

另一面专注于

on winning life.

如何赢得生活

There is a side that leads the front-line discussion,

有讨论前线作战的一面

and there is a side

也有一面

that leads the back-line discussion.

在讨论后方的生活

There is a side that thinks

有一面认为

that peace is the end of fighting,

和平就是战争的结束

and there is a side that thinks

另一面则认为

that peace is the arrival

和平意味着

of schools and jobs.

安全抵达学校和工作地点

There is a side

有一面

that is led by men,

被男人们领导

and there is a side

另一面

that is led by women.

则被女人们掌控

And in order for us to understand

为了让我们理解

how do we build lasting peace,

如何才能建立长久的和平

we must understand war and peace

我们必须从两方面

from both sides.

来理解战争与和平

We must have a full picture

我们必须对它

of what that means.

有一个全局的认识

In order for us to understand

为了让我们理解

what actually peace means,

到底什么才是和平

we need to understand,

我们需要明白的

as one Sudanese woman once told me,

正如一个苏丹女人跟我说的那样

"Peace is the fact that my toenails

“和平就是我的脚趾甲

are growing back again."

能重新长出来。”

She grew up in Sudan, in Southern Sudan,

她在苏丹南部长大

for 20 years of war,

长达20年的战争

where it killed one million people

造成一百万人的死亡

and displaced five million refugees.

五百万难民的流离失所

Many women were taken as slaves

许多女人被叛军和士兵

by rebels and soldiers,

当成奴隶

as sexual slaves who were forced also

她们被迫成为性奴

to carry the ammunition and the water

同时还必须为士兵

and the food for the soldiers.

运送弹药、水和食物

So that woman walked for 20 years,

因此那个女人为了不被再次绑架

so she would not be kidnapped again.

20年间一直在四处逃难

And only when there was some sort of peace,

只有当和平开始到来时

her toenails grew back again.

她的脚趾甲才能重新长出来

We need to understand peace

我们需要从一个脚趾甲的角度

from a toenail's perspective.

来理解和平的意义

We need to understand

我们需要明白

that we cannot actually have negotiations

如果女人不能完全参与

of ending of wars or peace

到谈判桌上

without fully including women

我们实际上不可能有

at the negotiating table.

关于停战或和平的真正谈判

I find it amazing

我惊讶地发现

that the only group of people

在战争中，唯一一组

who are not fighting and not killing

没有战斗、没有杀戮

and not pillaging and not burning and not raping,

没有掠夺、没有烧杀、没有强奸的人

and the group of people who are mostly --

这组在战火中最努力

though not exclusively --

虽然不是所有的人

who are keeping life going in the midst of war,

让生活在战火中继续的人

are not included in the negotiating table.

却没有被接纳到谈判桌上

And I do argue that women lead the back-line discussion,

我确实认为女人应领导关于后方的讨论

but there are also men

但同时也有男人

who are excluded from that discussion.

被排除在这个讨论之外

The doctors who are not fighting,

那些没有参与战斗的医生

the artists, the students, the men who refuse to pick up the guns,

那些艺术家、学生、拒绝拿起枪支的人

they are, too, excluded

他们也被排除在

from the negotiating tables.

谈判桌外

There is no way we can talk about a lasting peace,

我们不可能谈论长久的和平

building of democracy, sustainable economies,

民主建设、经济的可持续发展

any kind of stabilities,

以及任何形式的稳定

if we do not fully include women

如果我们没有将女人

at the negotiating table.

完全包含进谈判桌上

Not one, but 50 percent.

不仅仅是一个，而是一半

There is no way we can talk about the building of stability

我们无法讨论如何建立稳定的局势

if we don't start investing

如果我们不开始

in women and girls.

在女人和女孩身上投资

Did you know

你知道

that one year

每年

of the world's military spending

全世界的军费开支

equals 700 years

等于七百年的

of the U.N. budget

联合国预算

and equals 2,928 years

也等于2928年的

of the U.N. budget allocated for women?

联合国的女性预算？

If we just reverse

如果我们将那笔开支

that distribution of funds,

用于上述两个方面

perhaps we could have

那么或许我们能够拥有

a better lasting peace in this world.

更为长久美好的和平

And last, but not least,

最后同样重要的一点就是

we need to invest in peace and women,

我们需要在和平和女人身上投资

not only because it is the right thing to do,

不仅因为这是一件正确的事情

not only because it is the right thing to do,

不仅因为这是为了建立可持续的和平

for all of us to build sustainable and lasting peace today,

而做的正确的事情

but it is for the future.

这也是为了将来

A Congolese woman,

一个刚果女人

who was telling me about

曾告诉我

how her children saw their father killed in front of them

她的孩子们是如何亲眼看着自己的父亲被杀害

and saw her raped in front of them

母亲在自己面前被强奸

and mutilated in front of them,

在自己面前被凌虐

and her children saw their nine-year-old sibling

孩子们也看着他们那九岁的兄弟

killed in front of them,

在自己面前被杀害

how they're doing okay right now.

他们现在怎能过得好呢？

She got into Women for Women International's program.

她加入了国际妇女互助会(Women for Women International)

She got a support network.

她得到支援

She learned about her rights.

她知道她的权利

We taught her vocational and business skills. We helped her get a job.

我们教她职业和商业技巧，帮她找到一份工作

She was earning 450 dollars. She was doing okay.

她能挣450美元，过得不错

She was sending them to school. Have a new home.

她把孩子们送到新学校，有了一个新家

She said, "But what I worry about the most

她说：“我最担心的

is not any of that.

并不是这些

I worry that my children

我担心我的孩子们

have hate in their hearts,

心中充满仇恨

and when they want to grow up, they want to fight again

当他们长大时，会想要找

the killers of their father and their brother."

杀害他们父亲和兄弟的人报仇。”

We need to invest in women,

我们需要在一个女人身上投资

because that's our only chance

因为这是我们的唯一希望

to ensure that there is no more war

能保证将来

in the future.

不再有战争

That mother has a better chance to heal her children

那位母亲比任何和平协议

than any peace agreement can do.

都能更有效地治愈她的孩子们

Are there good news? Of course, there are good news. There are lots of good news.

有这方面的好消息吗？有，而且很多

To start with, these women that I told you about

首先，刚刚我提到的那些女人

are dancing and singing every single day,

每天都跳舞唱歌

and if they can,

如果她们能做到

who are we not to dance?

我们为什么不能呢？

That girl that I told you about

我之前提到的那个女孩

ended up starting Women for Women International Group

最后成立了国际妇女互助会(Women for Women International Group)

that impacted one million people, sent 80 million dollars,

这影响了一百万人，募集到八千万美元

and I started this from zero,

而这一切都是从零开始

nothing, nada, [unclear].

什么都没有

(Laughter)

（笑声）

They are women who are standing on their feet

这些女人无论情况多么糟糕

in spite of their circumstances,

都依靠自己的力量

not because of it.

坚强地生存下来

Think of how the world can be a much better place

想想看，这个世界会变得更美好

if, for a change,

如果能有这么一个改变

we have a better equality,

让我们能更加平等

we have equality,

让我们平等

we have a representation

我们有自己的代表

and we understand war,

我们理解战争

both from the front-line

不仅从前线

and the back-line discussion.

还有后方的讨论

Rumi, a 13th-century Sufi poet,

鲁米，一位13世纪的苏菲派诗人

says, "Out beyond the worlds

曾说道

of right-doings and wrong-doings,

“在对与错的世界之外

there is a field.

有一片天地

I will meet you there.

你我将会相遇

When the soul lies down in that grass,

将心灵置于那片草地之上

the world is too full

世界是如此充实

to talk about.

让人无法描述

Ideas, language,

思想，语言

even the phrase 'each other'

甚至“互相”这个词组

no longer makes any sense."

已经毫无意义。”

I humbly add -- humbly add --

我卑微地增改少许：

that out beyond

在超越

the worlds of war and peace,

战争与和平的世界之外

there is a field,

有一片天地

and there are many women and men

有许多女人和男人

[who] are meeting there.

在那里相遇

Let us make this field a much bigger place.

让我们将这片天地变得更大

Let us all meet in that field.

让我们都在那里相遇

Thank you.

谢谢

(Applause)

（掌声）