Mac Barnett: Why a good book is a secret door

323,809 views ・ 2014-09-17

TED


请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。

翻译人员: Melody Tang 校对人员: Wei Wu
00:12
Hi everybody. So my name is Mac.
0
12439
2092
大家好,我叫麦克
00:14
My job is that I lie to children,
1
14531
4058
我的工作就是欺骗小孩子
00:18
but they're honest lies.
2
18589
2016
不过都是善意的谎言
00:20
I write children's books,
3
20605
1768
我创作儿童文学
00:22
and there's a quote from Pablo Picasso,
4
22373
3228
巴勃罗·毕加索曾有一句名言
00:25
"We all know that Art is not truth.
5
25601
3186
“我们都知道艺术并非真理
00:28
Art is a lie that makes us realize truth
6
28787
3642
艺术是能使我们意识到真理的谎言
00:32
or at least the truth that is given us to understand.
7
32429
2698
或者至少使我们意识到 我们能认同的真理
00:35
The artist must know the manner whereby
8
35127
2110
艺术家必须懂得一些方法
00:37
to convince others of the truthfulness of his lies."
9
37237
4837
来使人们信服他谎言中的真实”
00:42
I first heard this when I was a kid,
10
42074
2858
第一次听到这话的时候,我还是个小孩
00:44
and I loved it,
11
44932
1691
那时就很喜欢这个说法
00:46
but I had no idea what it meant.
12
46623
2792
但是我不知道他说的是啥意思
00:49
(Laughter)
13
49415
1577
(笑声)
00:50
So I thought, you know what, it's what I'm here
14
50992
1897
你知道吗,这是我今天要讲的
00:52
to talk to you today about, though,
15
52889
1619
真理与谎言
00:54
truth and lies, fiction and reality.
16
54508
2213
虚构与现实
00:56
So how could I untangle
17
56721
1852
那我到底该如何理解
00:58
this knotted bunch of sentences?
18
58573
2527
这段令人匪夷所思的话呢
01:01
And I said, I've got PowerPoint. Let's do a Venn diagram.
19
61100
3427
不如用 PowerPoint 来做个文氏图吧
01:04
["Truth. Lies."] (Laughter)
20
64527
2493
[“真实” “谎言”] (笑声)
01:07
So there it is, right there, boom.
21
67020
1760
就是这个,很棒吧?
01:08
We've got truth and lies
22
68780
1705
有真实和谎言两部分
01:10
and then there's this little space,
23
70485
1072
还有两个边缘交界
01:11
the edge, in the middle.
24
71557
1561
那个中间的地方
01:13
That liminal space, that's art.
25
73118
6800
那就是艺术
01:19
All right. Venn diagram. (Laughter) (Applause)
26
79918
4997
嗯,文氏图(笑声)(掌声)
01:24
But that's actually not very helpful either.
27
84915
3026
但是这好像也不是很有用
01:27
The thing that made me understand
28
87941
4375
使我理解这段话的
01:32
that quote and really kind of what art,
29
92316
2490
以及真正使我对艺术——
01:34
at least the art of fiction, was,
30
94806
2217
或者至少是小说的艺术 有所理解的
01:37
was working with kids.
31
97023
1440
就是为孩子们工作的时候
01:38
I used to be a summer camp counselor.
32
98463
2260
我曾是夏令营的指导老师
01:40
I would do it on my summers off from college,
33
100723
2287
我在大学暑假时担任这种工作
01:43
and I loved it.
34
103010
3379
也很喜爱这个工作
01:46
It was a sports summer camp
35
106389
1759
那是一个为4到6岁的孩子们
01:48
for four- to six-year-olds.
36
108148
1834
举办的运动夏令营
01:49
I was in charge of the four-year-olds,
37
109982
1646
我负责带领四岁的孩子
01:51
which is good, because
38
111628
1803
那很棒,因为
01:53
four-year-olds can't play sports, and neither can I.
39
113431
3349
四岁的孩子还不会运动 正巧我也不会
01:56
(Laughter)
40
116780
1575
(笑声)
01:58
I play sports at a four-year-old level,
41
118355
2925
我就搞四岁小孩儿级别的运动
02:01
so what would happen is the kids would
42
121280
3717
实际情况就是
02:04
dribble around some cones, and then got hot,
43
124997
1699
孩子们绕着交通锥运球 玩得大汗淋漓
02:06
and then they would go sit underneath the tree
44
126696
2263
然后他们去树下面休息
02:08
where I was already sitting — (Laughter) —
45
128959
2845
结果我早就在那儿坐着了 —(笑声)—
02:11
and I would just make up stories and tell them to them
46
131804
2545
我会编故事讲给他们听
02:14
and I would tell them stories about my life.
47
134349
1819
也会给他们编造关于我的故事
02:16
I would tell them about how, on the weekends,
48
136168
1743
我告诉他们,我周末回到家以后
02:17
I would go home and I would spy for the Queen of England.
49
137911
3215
为英国女王做秘密侦查
02:21
And soon, other kids
50
141126
3321
很快,其他有些
02:24
who weren't even in my group of kids,
51
144447
1840
不在我组里的孩子
02:26
they would come up to me, and they would say,
52
146287
1469
也会到我这儿来,然后说
02:27
"You're Mac Barnett, right?
53
147756
1912
“你就是麦克·巴耐特,对吧?
02:29
You're the guy who spies for the Queen of England."
54
149668
3069
那个暗中为英国女王做侦查的家伙?”
02:32
And I had been waiting my whole life for strangers
55
152737
3222
我这一生都在热切期盼着
02:35
to come up and ask me that question.
56
155959
2430
能有陌生人来问我这个问题
02:38
In my fantasy, they were svelte Russian women,
57
158389
2273
在我的幻想中, 她们应该是苗条的俄罗斯女人
02:40
but, you know, four-year-olds —
58
160662
1237
但是,你们懂的,四岁的孩子——
02:41
you take what you can get in Berkeley, California.
59
161899
4629
在加州的伯克利还有什么好奢求的呢
02:46
And I realized that the stories that I was telling
60
166528
4428
然后我意识到,这些故事
02:50
were real in this way that was familiar to me
61
170956
3497
在以我熟悉的方式讲给孩子们时
02:54
and really exciting.
62
174453
1205
变得无比真实且振奋人心
02:55
I think the pinnacle of this for me — I'll never forget this —
63
175658
2206
这件事达到顶峰的契机—— 我永远不会忘记这件事——
02:57
there was this little girl named Riley. She was tiny,
64
177864
2823
我的组里有个叫莱利的小女孩,小个子
03:00
and she used to always take out her lunch every day
65
180687
2439
她总是每天把午饭拿出来
03:03
and she would throw out her fruit.
66
183126
2340
然后把里面的水果扔掉
03:05
She would just take her fruit,
67
185466
1408
她拿出水果
03:06
her mom packed her a melon every day,
68
186874
1348
她妈妈每天给她装一个甜瓜
03:08
and she would just throw it in the ivy
69
188222
1749
但是她把它扔进藤蔓丛里
03:09
and then she would eat fruit snacks
70
189971
2313
然后吃水果零食和布丁
03:12
and pudding cups, and I was like, "Riley,
71
192284
2373
我对她说:“莱利
03:14
you can't do that, you have to eat the fruit."
72
194657
3056
你不能那样。必须把水果吃掉”
03:17
And she was like, "Why?"
73
197713
1817
她问“为什么?”
03:19
And I was like, "Well, when you throw the fruit in the ivy,
74
199530
1832
我就说:“嗯, 你要是把甜瓜扔到藤蔓丛那儿
03:21
pretty soon, it's going to be overgrown with melons,"
75
201362
3892
那里很快就会长满一整片的甜瓜”
03:25
which is why I think I ended up
76
205254
2002
这就是为啥我后来成为
03:27
telling stories to children and not being a nutritionist for children.
77
207256
5619
儿童故事书的作者, 而不是成为孩子们的营养师了
03:32
And so Riley was like, "That will never happen.
78
212875
1888
莱利说:“那种事不会发生的
03:34
That's not going to happen."
79
214763
1100
绝对不可能”
03:35
And so, on the last day of camp,
80
215863
3051
因此,夏令营的最后一天
03:38
I got up early and I got a big cantaloupe
81
218914
2453
我早早起床
03:41
from the grocery store
82
221367
2026
到杂货店买了一个大哈密瓜
03:43
and I hid it in the ivy,
83
223393
2102
把它藏进了藤蔓丛里
03:45
and then at lunchtime, I was like,
84
225495
1451
午饭时间,我说
03:46
"Riley, why don't you go over there and see what you've done."
85
226946
2675
“莱利,你真该看看你都做了些什么”
03:49
And — (Laughter) —
86
229621
3175
然后— (笑声) —
03:52
she went trudging through the ivy, and then her eyes
87
232796
2678
她吃力地穿过藤蔓
03:55
just got so wide, and she pointed out this melon
88
235474
2092
然后一下瞪大眼睛
03:57
that was bigger than her head,
89
237566
2114
发现了这个比她的脑袋都大的哈密瓜
03:59
and then all the kids ran over there and rushed around her,
90
239680
2970
之后所有的孩子都跑过去 簇拥在她四周
04:02
and one of the kids was like, "Hey,
91
242650
1587
其中一个孩子突然叫道
04:04
why is there a sticker on this?"
92
244237
1889
“嘿,哈密瓜上面为什么粘着个标签?”
04:06
(Laughter)
93
246126
3224
(笑声)
04:09
And I was like, "That is also why I say
94
249350
2469
我就说:“这就是为什么
04:11
do not throw your stickers in the ivy.
95
251819
2992
我也不让你们把标签扔进藤蔓丛里
04:14
Put them in the trash can. It ruins nature when you do this."
96
254811
5472
要把它们丢进垃圾桶 乱丢的话会破坏环境”
04:20
And Riley carried that melon around with her all day,
97
260283
5350
莱利一整天都带着那个哈密瓜
04:25
and she was so proud.
98
265633
2028
她无比自豪
04:27
And Riley knew she didn't grow a melon in seven days,
99
267661
4844
莱利知道她无法在七天内种出哈密瓜来
04:32
but she also knew that she did,
100
272505
2936
但她也知道她确实做到了
04:35
and it's a weird place,
101
275441
2216
那是个不可思议的区域
04:37
but it's not just a place that kids can get to.
102
277657
2745
然而它并不是只有孩子才能做到
04:40
It's anything. Art can get us to that place.
103
280402
3532
我们都可以。我们可借助艺术到达那里
04:43
She was right in that place in the middle,
104
283934
1957
她就是在真实与谎言的交界处
04:45
that place which you could call art or fiction.
105
285891
3425
在可以被称之为艺术或虚构的区域里
04:49
I'm going to call it wonder.
106
289316
2065
我更愿意称这个区域为“奇迹”
04:51
It's what Coleridge called the willing suspension of disbelief
107
291381
2629
这就是柯尔律治所说的 ”自愿悬置怀疑“
04:54
or poetic faith,
108
294010
1680
或者说,“诗意的信仰”
04:55
for those moments where a story, no matter how strange,
109
295690
2410
意思是说对于一个拥有真实表象的故事
04:58
has some semblance of the truth,
110
298100
2040
不管它有多奇怪
05:00
and then you're able to believe it.
111
300140
1977
你都能够相信
05:02
It's not just kids who can get there.
112
302117
1630
不是只有孩子们能做到
05:03
Adults can too, and we get there when we read.
113
303747
2689
大人也可以,我们可以通过阅读做到
05:06
It's why in two days, people will be
114
306436
2250
这就是为什么在两天內
05:08
descending on Dublin to take the walking tour
115
308686
3534
人们涌入都柏林 来一场“布鲁姆日”的远足
05:12
of Bloomsday and see everything that happened in "Ulysses,"
116
312220
5605
见证《尤利西斯》的故事里发生的一切
05:17
even though none of that happened.
117
317825
2255
尽管那些事情从未发生过
05:20
Or people go to London and they visit Baker Street
118
320080
2257
人们也去伦敦,造访贝克街
05:22
to see Sherlock Holmes' apartment,
119
322337
1472
看看夏洛克·福尔摩斯的公寓
05:23
even though 221B is just a number that was painted
120
323809
2127
尽管221B 只是一个被涂在建筑物上的编号
05:25
on a building that never actually had that address.
121
325936
3146
那个门牌号也从未存在过
05:29
We know these characters aren't real,
122
329082
1725
我们知道这些角色不是真实的
05:30
but we have real feelings about them,
123
330807
2620
但是我们会对他们产生真实的感情
05:33
and we're able to do that.
124
333427
1044
我们可以做到
05:34
We know these characters aren't real,
125
334471
1893
我们知道这些角色不是真实的
05:36
and yet we also know that they are.
126
336364
3318
然而我们也相信他们是真的
05:39
Kids can get there a lot more easily than adults can,
127
339682
3656
孩子们比大人容易做到这一点
05:43
and that's why I love writing for kids.
128
343338
1553
这就是我热爱创作儿童文学的原因
05:44
I think kids are the best audience
129
344891
1980
我认为对于虚构的文学作品来说
05:46
for serious literary fiction.
130
346871
4389
孩子们是最好的读者
05:51
When I was a kid,
131
351260
2824
我还是个孩子的时候
05:54
I was obsessed with secret door novels,
132
354084
2626
我一直对“秘密之门”的那类小说无比着迷
05:56
things like "Narnia,"
133
356710
1161
比如说《纳尼亚传奇》(Narnia)
05:57
where you would open a wardrobe and go through to a magical land.
134
357871
3703
在故事里, 穿过衣橱的柜门就能进入魔幻世界
06:01
And I was convinced that secret doors really did exist
135
361574
2730
我那时坚信那样的秘密之门确实存在
06:04
and I would look for them and try to go through them.
136
364304
2028
我尝试着寻找它们 梦想着进入秘密之门
06:06
I wanted to live and cross over into that fictional world, which is —
137
366332
3744
我想穿越那个虚构的世界——
06:10
I would always just open people's closet doors. (Laughter)
138
370076
5695
其实我就是去开人家的衣柜门 (笑声)
06:15
I would just go through my mom's boyfriend's closet,
139
375771
2777
我尝试翻遍我妈妈的男朋友的衣柜
06:18
and there was not a secret magical land there.
140
378548
2250
里面没有藏着秘密的魔幻世界
06:20
There was some other weird stuff that I think my mom should know about.
141
380798
2588
但是却有些奇怪的玩意儿 我觉得我妈妈应该知道
06:23
(Laughter)
142
383386
1721
(笑声)
06:25
And I was happy to tell her all about it.
143
385107
4165
我很乐意把那些玩意儿告诉妈妈
06:31
After college, my first job was working
144
391545
4138
大学毕业后 我的第一份工作
06:35
behind one of these secret doors.
145
395683
2548
就是在“秘密之门”后面做事
06:38
This is a place called 826 Valencia.
146
398231
1957
这地方叫"826瓦伦西亚" (826 Valencia)
06:40
It's at 826 Valencia Street
147
400188
2092
它坐落于瓦伦西亚街826号
06:42
in the Mission in San Francisco,
148
402280
2486
位于旧金山的山米逊区
06:44
and when I worked there, there was a publishing company
149
404766
2026
我在那里工作的时候 有一家出版公司
06:46
headquartered there called McSweeney's,
150
406792
2639
在那里设立总部 名叫麦克斯维尼(McSweeney's)
06:49
a nonprofit writing center called 826 Valencia,
151
409431
3154
一家非营利的写作中心 名叫“826瓦伦西亚”
06:52
but then the front of it
152
412585
2205
但是它的前方
06:54
was a strange shop.
153
414790
1570
是一家奇怪的小商店
06:56
You see, this place was zoned retail,
154
416360
1427
你们知道 那里是零售店区
06:57
and in San Francisco, they were not going to give us a variance,
155
417787
3116
在旧金山,他们不可能为我们开例
07:00
and so the writer who founded it, a writer named Dave Eggers,
156
420903
2887
开这家店的是一个 名叫戴夫·埃格斯的作家
07:03
to come into compliance with code, he said, "Fine,
157
423790
2339
为了遵守规范 他说:“好
07:06
I'm just going to build a pirate supply store."
158
426129
4376
我就在这儿开家海盗用品商店吧”
07:10
And that's what he did. (Laughter)
159
430505
3078
他真的就这么做了(笑声)
07:13
And it's beautiful. It's all wood.
160
433583
1951
店里很漂亮,全木的
07:15
There's drawers you can pull out and get citrus
161
435534
1930
拉开抽屉就能找到柑橘
07:17
so you don't get scurvy.
162
437464
3019
吃了它可以防止坏血病
07:20
They have eyepatches in lots of colors,
163
440483
2148
他们有五颜六色的眼罩
07:22
because when it's springtime, pirates want to go wild.
164
442631
2700
因为海盗们一到春天就想疯一下
07:25
You don't know. Black is boring. Pastel.
165
445331
4343
你们不会知道 黑色多无聊啊 寡淡无味
07:29
Or eyes, also in lots of colors,
166
449674
1996
还有五颜六色的假眼珠子,
07:31
just glass eyes, depending on how you want
167
451670
1805
玻璃做的,(戴哪个)取决于你要如何处理
07:33
to deal with that situation.
168
453475
3712
要面对的情况
07:37
And the store, strangely,
169
457187
3125
关于那个商店最奇怪的是
07:40
people came to them and bought things,
170
460312
4012
人们居然来买东西
07:44
and they ended up paying the rent
171
464324
1827
后来,店铺的收入
07:46
for our tutoring center, which was behind it,
172
466151
2064
足够为店铺后面的辅导中心支付租金
07:48
but to me, more important was the fact
173
468215
3052
但对我来说,更重要的是
07:51
that I think the quality of work you do,
174
471267
2651
工作的质量
07:53
kids would come and get instruction in writing,
175
473918
2486
孩子们来学习写作
07:56
and when you have to walk this weird, liminal, fictional space like this to go do your writing,
176
476404
4266
在你经过像这样的真实与虚构的交界处, 然后写作的时候
08:00
it's going to affect the kind of work that you make.
177
480670
3750
你的作品一定会受到影响
08:04
It's a secret door that you can walk through.
178
484420
2187
这是一扇你可以穿越的“秘密之门”
08:06
So I ran the 826 in Los Angeles,
179
486607
2751
因此,我在洛杉矶为“826”工作
08:09
and it was my job to build the store down there.
180
489358
3482
我的活儿就是打理那儿的一间小店铺
08:12
So we have The Echo Park Time Travel Mart.
181
492840
3560
店名叫“回声公园·时间旅行商店”
08:16
That's our motto: "Whenever you are, we're already then."
182
496400
2840
我们还有个格言 “无论什么时代,我们都已去过了”
08:19
(Laughter)
183
499240
3860
(笑声)
08:23
And it's on Sunset Boulevard in Los Angeles.
184
503100
4757
它坐落于洛杉矶的日落大道
08:27
Our friendly staff is ready to help you.
185
507857
2110
我们友好的员工随时恭候
08:29
They're from all eras,
186
509967
2143
他们来自不同时代
08:32
including just the 1980s, that guy on the end,
187
512110
3609
包括1980年代。 就是站在最后面的那个家伙
08:35
he's from the very recent past.
188
515719
2197
他所处的时代并不久远
08:37
There's our Employees of the Month,
189
517916
1702
这是我们的“本月优秀员工”
08:39
including Genghis Khan, Charles Dickens.
190
519618
2986
名单上有成吉思汗、查尔斯•狄更斯
08:42
Some great people have come up through our ranks.
191
522604
2992
有些伟人都上了我们的榜
08:45
This is our kind of pharmacy section.
192
525596
2351
这是我们的药品区
08:47
We have some patent medicines,
193
527947
1339
我们有些专利药品
08:49
Canopic jars for your organs,
194
529286
2351
有用来装人体器官的“卡诺卜坛”
08:51
communist soap that says,
195
531637
1634
还有“共产主义肥皂”,上面标着
08:53
"This is your soap for the year." (Laughter)
196
533271
4451
“这就是你今年的肥皂” (笑声)
08:57
Our slushy machine broke
197
537722
2216
店铺开张的第一天晚上, 我们的冰沙机坏掉了
08:59
on the opening night and we didn't know what to do.
198
539938
2633
我们不知道怎么办才好
09:02
Our architect was covered in red syrup.
199
542571
2239
我们的设计师身上被溅满了红色的糖浆
09:04
It looked like he had just murdered somebody,
200
544810
2474
看起来就像他刚杀了人,全身都是血迹
09:07
which it was not out of the question
201
547284
1687
就这个人而言
09:08
for this particular architect,
202
548971
2050
其实也不是不可能
09:11
and we didn't know what to do.
203
551021
1586
我们束手无策
09:12
It was going to be the highlight of our store.
204
552607
1032
本来这台机器是我们店里的亮点
09:13
So we just put that sign on it that said,
205
553639
1345
所以我们就给它挂上了这个指示牌
09:14
"Out of order. Come back yesterday." (Laughter)
206
554984
4505
“故障,请昨天再来” (笑声)
09:19
And that ended up being a better joke than slushies,
207
559489
2036
结果它成为了一个 比冰沙更棒的笑料
09:21
so we just left it there forever.
208
561525
4096
所以我们一直保留着那个指示牌
09:25
Mammoth Chunks. These things weigh, like, seven pounds each.
209
565621
4313
“長毛象肉块” 每罐的重量差不多7磅
09:29
Barbarian repellent. It's full of salad
210
569934
2200
“野人驱除剂”
09:32
and potpourri — things that barbarians hate.
211
572134
4578
装满了沙拉和百花香—野人最恨这个了
09:36
Dead languages.
212
576712
1958
[拉丁文][古埃及文] 死语言
09:38
(Laughter)
213
578670
2700
(笑声)
09:41
Leeches, nature's tiny doctors.
214
581370
3080
水蛭:“大自然的小医生”
09:44
And Viking Odorant, which comes in lots of great scents:
215
584450
3140
还有“维京气味”, 里面混合了好几种很赞的气味
09:47
toenails, sweat and rotten vegetables, pyre ash.
216
587590
4005
脚趾甲、汗液和腐烂蔬菜的味儿, 还有火葬的柴灰
09:51
Because we believe that Axe Body Spray
217
591595
2108
因为我们认为你应该
09:53
is something that you should only find on the battlefield,
218
593703
1663
在战场找斧牌香体喷雾
09:55
not under your arms. (Laughter)
219
595366
4194
而不是在你的腋下去找 (笑声)
09:59
And these are robot emotion chips,
220
599560
1984
我们还出售机器人情感晶片
10:01
so robots can feel love or fear.
221
601544
2227
有了晶片,机器人就能 感受到爱或恐惧
10:03
Our biggest seller is Schadenfreude,
222
603771
1710
店内最畅销产品是「幸灾乐祸」
10:05
which we did not expect.
223
605481
1301
这是我们没有想到的
10:06
(Laughter)
224
606782
1011
(笑声)
10:07
We did not think that was going to happen.
225
607793
2447
我们从未想过会如此畅销
10:10
But there's a nonprofit behind it,
226
610240
2261
但这家店后面的写作中心,是非盈利性质的
10:12
and kids go through a door that says "Employees Only"
227
612501
1980
孩子们进入门上贴有「非员工勿进」标示的写作中心
10:14
and they end up in this space
228
614481
1215
然后就在这里做功课、
10:15
where they do homework and write stories
229
615696
2174
编故事、制作电影
10:17
and make films and this is a book release party
230
617870
2460
这是新书发布会
10:20
where kids will read.
231
620330
1484
孩子们在这里阅读
10:21
There's a quarterly that's published
232
621814
1902
这里每季度都要发行
10:23
with just writing that's done by the kids
233
623716
1429
孩子们利用每天放学后的时间
10:25
who come every day after school,
234
625145
1057
在这里完成的写作作品
10:26
and we have release parties
235
626202
1528
我们还举行发布会
10:27
and they eat cake and read for their parents
236
627730
2947
孩子们一边吃着蛋糕 一边把作品读给父母听
10:30
and drink milk out of champagne glasses.
237
630677
2852
还用香槟酒杯喝牛奶
10:33
And it's a very special space,
238
633529
3248
这里真的是一个很特别的地方
10:36
because it's this weird space in the front.
239
636777
3219
完全是因为前面的那家怪异商店
10:39
The joke isn't a joke.
240
639996
3299
笑话不再是笑话
10:43
You can't find the seams on the fiction,
241
643295
2400
小说里看不出拼接的痕迹
10:45
and I love that. It's this little bit of fiction
242
645695
2908
我超爱这点,正是这种小小说
10:48
that's colonized the real world.
243
648603
3262
俘获了现实世界
10:51
I see it as kind of a book in three dimensions.
244
651865
4057
我觉得它有点像三维立体书
10:55
There's a term called metafiction,
245
655922
2240
有个词叫「元小说」
10:58
and that's just stories about stories,
246
658162
4083
即讲述小说的小说
11:02
and meta's having a moment now.
247
662245
1575
现在「元」的概念非常热门
11:03
Its last big moment was probably in the 1960s
248
663820
2025
上次流行的时候可能是 1960 年代
11:05
with novelists like John Barth and William Gaddis,
249
665845
2677
以小说家约翰•巴思 和威廉•加迪斯为代表
11:08
but it's been around.
250
668522
1248
这个技法现在还有人在用
11:09
It's almost as old as storytelling itself.
251
669770
3541
它的历史几乎和讲故事一样久远
11:13
And one metafictive technique
252
673311
2540
其中有一个元小说技巧
11:15
is breaking the fourth wall. Right?
253
675851
1794
是打破第 4 堵墙 对吧
11:17
It's when an actor will turn to the audience
254
677645
3250
举个例子,演员面向观众
11:20
and say, "I am an actor,
255
680895
1066
说道:「我是个演员
11:21
these are just rafters."
256
681961
2591
他们只是些椽木」
11:24
And even that supposedly honest moment,
257
684552
2025
即使是这种看似诚实的介绍
11:26
I would argue, is in service of the lie,
258
686577
2226
在我看来,也是为了揭露谎言
11:28
but it's supposed to foreground the artificiality
259
688803
2756
使小说人为的虚构性
11:31
of the fiction.
260
691559
1687
更加突出
11:33
For me, I kind of prefer the opposite.
261
693246
2149
对我而言,我喜欢反其道而行之
11:35
If I'm going to break down the fourth wall,
262
695395
2134
如果我要拆除第 4 堵墙
11:37
I want fiction to escape
263
697529
2343
我希望小说逃离
11:39
and come into the real world.
264
699872
2083
进入现实世界
11:41
I want a book to be a secret door that opens
265
701955
4599
我希望书籍能成为一扇秘密之门
11:46
and lets the stories out into reality.
266
706554
2892
开启故事王国,再进入现实世界
11:49
And so I try to do this in my books.
267
709446
2981
写自己的书时我一直努力这样做
11:52
And here's just one example.
268
712427
1543
举个简单的例子
11:53
This is the first book that I ever made.
269
713970
1922
这是我写的第一本书
11:55
It's called "Billy Twitters and his Blue Whale Problem."
270
715892
2621
书名叫《比利推特和他的蓝鲸问题》
11:58
And it's about a kid who gets a blue whale as a pet
271
718513
2130
故事讲述一个小孩 养了一条蓝鲸当宠物
12:00
but it's a punishment
272
720643
1586
后果可想而知
12:02
and it ruins his life.
273
722229
2475
毁了他整个人生
12:04
So it's delivered overnight by FedUp.
274
724704
2812
这只蓝鲸以肥死快递送到
12:07
(Laughter)
275
727516
2590
(笑声)
12:10
And he has to take it to school with him.
276
730106
1994
他还得带蓝鲸去学校
12:12
He lives in San Francisco —
277
732100
1354
他住在旧金山
12:13
very tough city to own a blue whale in.
278
733454
2531
这个城市能养条蓝鲸很不容易
12:15
A lot of hills, real estate is at a premium.
279
735985
4434
那里山多、房价高
12:20
This market's crazy, everybody.
280
740419
2508
市场简直不可理喻,各位
12:22
But underneath the jacket is this case,
281
742927
3791
书的封套下面是这个盒子
12:26
and that's the cover underneath the book, the jacket,
282
746718
4186
那是书下面的封面 封套
12:30
and there's an ad
283
750904
1380
上面是一则广告
12:32
that offers a free 30-day risk-free trial
284
752284
3243
30 天免费试养蓝鲸
12:35
for a blue whale.
285
755527
1899
30 天免费试养蓝鲸
12:37
And you can just send in a self-addressed stamped envelope
286
757426
2994
读者只需寄来一个含邮资信封 写上自己的姓名和地址
12:40
and we'll send you a whale.
287
760420
3850
我们将给您寄去一条蓝鲸
12:44
And kids do write in.
288
764270
4340
还真有孩子写信过来
12:48
So here's a letter. It says, "Dear people,
289
768610
3408
这是其中的一封 上面说道:「敬启者,
12:52
I bet you 10 bucks you won't send me a blue whale.
290
772018
3181
我赌 10 美元 你们肯定不会给我寄蓝鲸
12:55
Eliot Gannon (age 6)."
291
775199
2477
艾略特•甘农(6 岁)
12:57
(Laughter) (Applause)
292
777676
3674
(笑声)(掌声)
13:02
So what Eliot and the other kids
293
782838
2122
艾略特和其他写信给我们的孩子
13:04
who send these in get back
294
784960
2491
收到的是
13:07
is a letter in very small print from a Norwegian law firm —
295
787451
2925
一封小号字体打印的信 由挪威一家法律事务所寄出
13:10
(Laughter) —
296
790376
3961
(笑声)
13:14
that says that due to a change in customs laws,
297
794337
3361
信上说,由于海关法修订后
13:17
their whale has been held up in Sognefjord,
298
797698
2207
他们的蓝鲸滞留在松恩峡湾
13:19
which is a very lovely fjord,
299
799905
1224
挪威最美丽的峡湾之一
13:21
and then it just kind of talks about Sognefjord
300
801129
1464
信中接着聊了一会松恩峡湾
13:22
and Norwegian food for a little while. It digresses.
301
802593
2480
和挪威的美食。律师也离题了
13:25
(Laughter)
302
805073
1782
(笑声)
13:28
But it finishes off by saying that
303
808767
1913
信最后说道
13:30
your whale would love to hear from you.
304
810680
2734
「蓝鲸期待收到你的回信
13:33
He's got a phone number,
305
813414
1586
他有电话号码
13:35
and you can call and leave him a message.
306
815000
4714
欢迎你来电留言」
13:39
And when you call and leave him a message,
307
819714
2576
当孩子们真的来电留言时
13:42
you just, on the outgoing message,
308
822290
1991
电话这头的录音
13:44
it's just whale sounds and then a beep,
309
824281
5118
是鲸的声音 然后是「哔」的一声
13:49
which actually sounds a lot like a whale sound.
310
829399
3555
确实很像鲸的声音
13:52
And they get a picture of their whale too.
311
832954
1980
他们还收到一张蓝鲸的照片
13:54
So this is Randolph,
312
834934
2531
照片里是伦道夫
13:57
and Randolph belongs to a kid named Nico
313
837465
3341
伦道夫属于一位叫尼科的小朋友
14:00
who was one of the first kids to ever call in,
314
840806
4282
他也是第一位打电话来的小读者
14:05
and I'll play you some of Nico's message.
315
845088
2310
现在我给大家放一些尼科的留言
14:07
This is the first message I ever got from Nico.
316
847398
4132
这是我收到尼科的第一条留言
14:11
(Audio) Nico: Hello, this is Nico.
317
851530
2239
(录音)尼科:你好!我是尼科
14:13
I am your owner, Randolph. Hello.
318
853769
4034
我是你的主人,伦道夫。你好啊
14:17
So this is the first time I can ever talk to you,
319
857803
3476
嗯 这是我第一次和你聊天
14:21
and I might talk to you soon another day. Bye.
320
861279
6244
呃,改天我再找你聊了。拜
14:27
Mac Barnett: So Nico called back, like, an hour later.
321
867523
2587
马克•巴内特:然后呢 大概过了一个小时尼科又打过来
14:30
(Laughter)
322
870110
2250
(笑声)
14:32
And here's another one of Nico's messages.
323
872360
3937
这是尼科的另一条留言
14:36
(Audio) Nico: Hello, Randolph, this is Nico.
324
876297
3543
(录音)尼科:你好 伦道夫,我是尼科
14:39
I haven't talked to you for a long time,
325
879840
5153
好久没和你聊天了
14:44
but I talked to you on Saturday or Sunday,
326
884993
4695
我周六还是周日找你聊过吧
14:49
yeah, Saturday or Sunday,
327
889688
2250
没错,周六或周日
14:51
so now I'm calling you again
328
891938
3015
所以我才又给你打电话了
14:54
to say hello and I wonder what you're doing right now,
329
894953
4916
你好吗,我想知道你现在干嘛呀
14:59
and I'm going to probably call you again
330
899869
2936
我大概会在明天或者今天
15:02
tomorrow or today,
331
902805
2183
再给你打电话
15:04
so I'll talk to you later. Bye.
332
904988
4196
到时我再跟你聊咯,拜
15:09
MB: So he did, he called back that day again.
333
909184
4308
麦克:果然,他当天又打过来了
15:13
He's left over 25 messages for Randolph
334
913492
3881
他一共给伦道夫录了25条留言
15:17
over four years.
335
917373
2752
持续四年的时间
15:20
You find out all about him
336
920125
2091
你会非常了解他
15:22
and the grandma that he loves
337
922216
1636
如他喜爱的奶奶
15:23
and the grandma that he likes a little bit less —
338
923852
2355
还有他比较不喜欢的另一位奶奶
15:26
(Laughter) —
339
926207
2193
(笑声)
15:28
and the crossword puzzles that he does,
340
928400
2427
还有,知道他做的填字游戏
15:30
and this is — I'll play you one more message from Nico.
341
930827
3780
让我们听听另一则尼科的留言
15:34
This is the Christmas message from Nico.
342
934607
3303
这是尼科的圣诞留言
15:37
[Beep] (Audio) Nico: Hello, Randolph,
343
937910
2363
[哔](录音)尼科:你好,伦道夫
15:40
sorry I haven't talked to you in a long time.
344
940273
3255
对不起,我好久没有和你聊天了
15:43
It's just that I've been so busy
345
943528
2666
主要是我一直很忙
15:46
because school started,
346
946194
2699
因为开学了
15:48
as you might not know, probably,
347
948893
3033
你可能不明白,也许吧
15:51
since you're a whale, you don't know,
348
951926
3881
毕竟你是鲸鱼,自然不知道了
15:55
and I'm calling you to just say,
349
955807
4680
我打电话给你,是想说
16:00
to wish you a merry Christmas.
350
960487
3690
祝你圣诞快乐
16:04
So have a nice Christmas,
351
964177
4601
圣诞快乐啊
16:08
and bye-bye, Randolph. Goodbye.
352
968778
6873
拜拜,伦道夫,拜拜
16:15
MB: I actually got Nico,
353
975651
1524
麦克:我很久没听到尼科打电话来
16:17
I hadn't heard from in 18 months,
354
977175
3131
大约18 个月了
16:20
and he just left a message two days ago.
355
980306
4118
不过就在两天前 他留言了
16:24
His voice is completely different,
356
984424
2426
他的声音变化很大
16:26
but he put his babysitter on the phone,
357
986850
3500
他也让保姆讲电话
16:30
and she was very nice to Randolph as well.
358
990350
3861
她对伦道夫也很好
16:34
But Nico's the best reader I could hope for.
359
994211
4350
尼科是我所梦想的最好的读者
16:38
I would want anyone I was writing for
360
998561
3726
我希望我的每位读者
16:42
to be in that place emotionally
361
1002287
2141
都能如此用心感受
16:44
with the things that I create.
362
1004428
2236
我创造的东西
16:46
I feel lucky. Kids like Nico are the best readers,
363
1006664
3701
我觉得很幸运 像尼科这样的小朋友是最好的读者
16:50
and they deserve the best stories we can give them.
364
1010365
3595
他们值得我们给他们创作最好的故事
16:53
Thank you very much.
365
1013960
2202
谢谢各位
16:56
(Applause)
366
1016162
2655
(掌声)
关于本网站

这个网站将向你介绍对学习英语有用的YouTube视频。你将看到来自世界各地的一流教师教授的英语课程。双击每个视频页面上显示的英文字幕,即可从那里播放视频。字幕会随着视频的播放而同步滚动。如果你有任何意见或要求,请使用此联系表与我们联系。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7