You are fluent in this language (and don't even know it) | Christoph Niemann

1,645,083 views ・ 2018-08-22

TED


请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。

翻译人员: Thomas Tam 校对人员: Tianji (Homer) Li
00:12
I'm an artist.
0
12760
1240
我是一位艺术家。
00:15
Being an artist is the greatest job there is.
1
15240
2640
成为一名艺术家,是最好的工作。
00:18
And I really pity each and every one of you
2
18760
2296
我很同情你们每一个人,
00:21
who has to spend your days discovering new galaxies
3
21080
2696
得花时间去发现新的星系,
00:23
or saving humanity from global warming.
4
23800
2656
或者拯救人类免受全变暖的影响,
00:26
(Laughter)
5
26480
2456
(笑声)
00:28
But being an artist is also a daunting job.
6
28960
2920
但作为一名艺术家, 也是一项艰巨的工作。
00:32
I spend every day, from nine to six, doing this.
7
32880
3600
我每天从9点到6点都是这样的状态。
00:37
(Laughter)
8
37200
1896
(笑声)
00:39
I even started a side career that consists entirely
9
39120
3976
我甚至开始了一个副业,
00:43
of complaining about the difficulty of the creative process.
10
43120
2816
完全为了抱怨创作过程的艰辛。
00:45
(Laughter)
11
45960
1096
(笑声)
00:47
But today, I don't want to talk about what makes my life difficult.
12
47080
3760
但是我今天并不想谈论这些困难,
00:51
I want to talk about what makes it easy.
13
51480
2616
而想谈谈如何让事情变得简单。
00:54
And that is you --
14
54120
1496
那就是你们,
00:55
and the fact that you are fluent in a language
15
55640
2656
和你们能理解的流利语言,
00:58
that you're probably not even aware of.
16
58320
1858
而你们可能都没有意识到这一点。
01:01
You're fluent in the language of reading images.
17
61480
3080
你能流利地阅读图像语言。
01:06
Deciphering an image like that
18
66720
1456
解读这些图像
01:08
takes quite a bit of an intellectual effort.
19
68200
2056
需要运用相当多的智力。
01:10
But nobody ever taught you how this works,
20
70280
2216
但没有人教过你怎样做,
01:12
you just know it.
21
72520
1240
你天生就知道。
01:15
College, shopping, music.
22
75280
2096
大学、购物和音乐。
01:17
What makes a language powerful is that you can take a very complex idea
23
77400
3776
使语言变得强大的是, 你从中能领略复杂的想法,
01:21
and communicate it in a very simple, efficient form.
24
81200
2880
并以一种简单而有效的 方式进行沟通。
01:25
These images represent exactly the same ideas.
25
85760
3200
这些图像代表着完全相同的想法。
01:30
But when you look, for example, at the college hat,
26
90680
2416
但是,当你看到,例如毕业帽,
这并不只是代表在你被授予毕业证书时
01:33
you know that this doesn't represent the accessory you wear on your head
27
93120
3416
01:36
when you're being handed your diploma,
28
96560
1856
戴在你头上的配件,
01:38
but rather the whole idea of college.
29
98440
1800
而是象征着大学教育这个整体概念。
01:42
Now, what drawings can do is they cannot only communicate images,
30
102040
4136
图画可以做的,是它们 不仅可以传达图像,
01:46
they can even evoke emotions.
31
106200
2816
甚至可以激发情感。
假设你在一个陌生地方看到这个图像,
01:49
Let's say you get to an unfamiliar place and you see this.
32
109040
3296
01:52
You feel happiness and relief.
33
112360
1576
就会感到快乐和宽慰。
01:53
(Laughter)
34
113960
1776
(笑声)
01:55
Or a slight sense of unease or maybe downright panic.
35
115760
5416
或是有点不安,甚至全然的恐慌。
02:01
(Laughter)
36
121200
2536
(笑声)
02:03
Or blissful peace and quiet.
37
123760
3456
又或是幸福和宁静。
02:07
(Laughter)
38
127240
1616
(笑声)
02:08
But visuals, they're of course more than just graphic icons.
39
128880
3440
但在视觉方面,它们又 不仅仅是图像符号。
02:13
You know, if I want to tell the story of modern-day struggle,
40
133360
3376
如果我想讲述现代斗争的故事,
02:16
I would start with the armrest between two airplane seats
41
136760
3216
我会从飞机座椅之间的扶手开始,
还有两个互不相让的胳膊肘。
02:20
and two sets of elbows fighting.
42
140000
2136
02:22
What I love there is this universal law
43
142160
2896
我喜欢一个通则,
02:25
that, you know, you have 30 seconds to fight it out
44
145080
2416
在30秒内,谁占有了扶手,
02:27
and once it's yours, you get to keep it for the rest of the flight.
45
147520
3176
谁就可以在其余的 飞行时间里拥有这个扶手。
02:30
(Laughter)
46
150720
2096
(笑声)
02:32
Now, commercial flight is full of these images.
47
152840
3896
在商业航班里充满了这些图像。
02:36
If I want to illustrate the idea of discomfort,
48
156760
3496
如果我想说明不舒服的想法,
02:40
nothing better than these neck pillows.
49
160280
1896
没有比这些颈枕更好的了。
02:42
They're designed to make you more comfortable --
50
162200
3056
它们旨在让你更舒适——
02:45
(Laughter)
51
165280
1816
(笑声)
02:47
except they don't.
52
167120
1216
但常常事与愿违。
02:48
(Laughter)
53
168360
2960
(笑声)
02:52
So I never sleep on airplanes.
54
172200
1440
所以我从不在飞机上睡觉。
02:54
What I do occasionally is I fall into a sort of painful coma.
55
174880
4096
偶尔我会陷入一种痛苦的昏迷状态。
02:59
And when I wake up from that,
56
179000
3496
当我醒来时,
03:02
I have the most terrible taste in my mouth.
57
182520
2656
我口中会有一种最可怕的味道。
03:05
It's a taste that's so bad, it cannot be described with words,
58
185200
3336
这是一种很糟糕的味道, 难以用文字来形容,
03:08
but it can be drawn.
59
188560
1376
但可以把它画出来。
03:09
(Laughter)
60
189960
5936
(笑声)
03:15
The thing is, you know, I love sleeping.
61
195920
2600
问题在于,我喜欢睡觉。
03:19
And when I sleep, I really prefer to do it while spooning.
62
199160
3736
当我睡觉时,更喜欢揽着太太。
03:22
I've been spooning on almost a pro level for close to 20 years,
63
202920
3936
近20年来,我几乎一直 保持着专业的姿势,
03:26
but in all this time, I've never figured out
64
206880
2896
但我从未想过
03:29
what to do with that bottom arm.
65
209800
1656
在下面的手臂怎么办。
03:31
(Laughter)
66
211480
2616
(笑声)
03:34
(Applause)
67
214120
1936
(掌声)
03:36
And the only thing --
68
216080
2280
唯一的事情——
03:39
the only thing that makes sleeping even more complicated
69
219640
2856
唯一让睡眠变得比在飞机上睡着
03:42
than trying to do it on an airplane
70
222520
1696
还要困难的,
03:44
is when you have small children.
71
224240
1560
是当你有了小孩。
他们会在凌晨4点走到你的床边,
03:47
They show up at your bed at around 4am
72
227040
2040
编造一些借口,比如 “我做了一个恶梦。”
03:50
with some bogus excuse of, "I had a bad dream."
73
230040
3216
03:53
(Laughter)
74
233280
2256
(笑声)
03:55
And then, of course you feel sorry for them, they're your kids,
75
235560
2946
你当然会为此感到难过, 毕竟是亲生的孩子,
03:58
so you let them into your bed.
76
238520
1426
就让他们上床吧。
03:59
And I have to admit, at the beginning, they're really cute and warm and snugly.
77
239960
3715
开始时他们表现得很乖, 令你温暖又舒适。
04:03
The minute you fall back asleep, they inexplicably --
78
243685
3171
但当你再睡着的那一刻,不知怎的,
04:06
(Laughter)
79
246880
1656
(笑声)
04:08
start rotating.
80
248560
1256
他们就开始摆出横七竖八的姿势。
04:09
(Laughter)
81
249840
2576
(笑声)
04:12
We like to call this the helicopter mode.
82
252440
1953
我们喜欢称之为直升机模式。
04:14
(Laughter)
83
254417
1839
(笑声)
04:16
Now, the deeper something is etched into your consciousness,
84
256280
5016
另外,有一些更深入的东西 被刻进了你的意识中,
04:21
the fewer details we need to have an emotional reaction.
85
261320
3360
只需要比较少的细节, 就能触动情绪的反应。
04:25
(Laughter)
86
265360
2856
(笑声)
04:28
So why does an image like this work?
87
268240
1920
为什么像这样的图像能引起共鸣呢?
04:31
It works, because we as readers
88
271000
2616
因为我们做为阅读者,
04:33
are incredibly good at filling in the blanks.
89
273640
2240
擅长于填补缺失的部分。
04:37
Now, when you draw, there's this concept of negative space.
90
277000
4016
当你画画时,有一种负空间的概念。
04:41
And the idea is, that instead of drawing the actual object,
91
281040
2896
其核心做法不是绘制实际的物体,
04:43
you draw the space around it.
92
283960
2016
只是画出它周围的空间。
所以图中的碗是空的。
04:46
So the bowls in this drawing are empty.
93
286000
2400
04:49
But the black ink prompts your brain to project food into a void.
94
289360
3880
但黑色的墨水会促使 你将食物投射到空间中。
04:56
What we see here is not a owl flying.
95
296200
3160
这里看到的并不是飞行的猫头鹰。
05:00
What we actually see is a pair of AA batteries
96
300113
2143
实际上是一对 AA 电池
05:02
standing on a nonsensical drawing,
97
302280
2176
放在一张荒诞的画上,
05:04
and I animate the scene by moving my desk lamp up and down.
98
304480
3536
我通过上下移动台灯的光线, 让场景动起来了。
05:08
(Laughter)
99
308040
2056
(笑声)
05:10
The image really only exists in your mind.
100
310120
2600
图像只存在于你的脑海中。
05:13
So, how much information do we need to trigger such an image?
101
313640
3120
那么,需要多少信息 才能触发这样的一个图像?
05:18
My goal as an artist is to use the smallest amount possible.
102
318040
4080
艺术家的目标是用尽可能少的信息。
05:23
I try to achieve a level of simplicity
103
323120
2816
我想要达到的极简程度,
05:25
where, if you were to take away one more element,
104
325960
2416
就是只需要拿走一个元素,
05:28
the whole concept would just collapse.
105
328400
2040
整个概念都会崩塌。
05:31
And that's why my personal favorite tool as an artist is abstraction.
106
331520
3640
我作为艺术家, 最喜欢用抽象做工具。
05:36
I've come up with this system which I call the abstract-o-meter,
107
336520
3016
我想出一个称之为抽像仪表的系统,
05:39
and this is how it works.
108
339560
1336
这是它的工作原理。
05:40
So you take a symbol, any symbol, for example the heart and the arrow,
109
340920
3896
你拿其中一个符号, 例如心脏和箭头,
05:44
which most of us would read as the symbol for love,
110
344840
2816
人们都会视之为爱情的象征,
05:47
and I'm an artist, so I can draw this
111
347680
1816
我是艺术家,可以把它画出来,
05:49
in any given degree of realism or abstraction.
112
349520
2960
并以任何现实或抽象的程度来呈现。
05:53
Now, if I go too realistic on it, it just grosses everybody out.
113
353320
4376
如果它过于现实, 就会让所有人难以接受。
05:57
(Laughter)
114
357720
2016
(笑声)
05:59
If I go too far on the other side and do very abstract,
115
359760
3936
如果我做得太抽象,
06:03
nobody has any idea what they're looking at.
116
363720
2256
就没人能看懂了。
06:06
So I have to find the perfect place on that scale,
117
366000
2376
所以我必须找到平衡点,
06:08
in this case it's somewhere in the middle.
118
368400
2040
位于仪表标尺上接近中间的某处。
06:11
Now, once we have reduced an image to a more simple form,
119
371320
3520
一旦将图像变得更简单,
06:16
all sorts of new connections become possible.
120
376080
2120
就会增加各种新联系的可能性,
06:20
And that allows for totally new angles in storytelling.
121
380760
3776
出现不同的,讲故事的新角度。
06:24
(Laughter)
122
384560
3376
(笑声)
06:27
And so, what I like to do is,
123
387960
1456
因此我喜欢做的是,
06:29
I like to take images from really remote cultural areas and bring them together.
124
389440
4200
从很偏远的文化区域拍摄图像, 并将它们整合在一起。
06:36
Now, with more daring references --
125
396000
2376
更大胆的参考资料——
06:38
(Laughter)
126
398400
2656
(笑声)
06:41
I can have more fun.
127
401080
1720
使我可以获得更多的乐趣。
06:43
But of course, I know that eventually things become so obscure
128
403560
2976
但最终事情变得太模糊,
06:46
that I start losing some of you.
129
406560
1896
就会让你们中的一些人失去兴趣。
06:48
So as a designer, it's absolutely key to have a good understanding
130
408480
4616
因此,作为设计师,关键是要 对关于观众视觉和文化的词汇
06:53
of the visual and cultural vocabulary of your audience.
131
413120
3320
有着很好的理解。
06:58
With this image here, a comment on the Olympics in Athens,
132
418000
5256
这张图片评论了雅典奥运会,
07:03
I assumed that the reader of the "New Yorker"
133
423280
2096
我默认《纽约客》的读者
对希腊艺术有些基本的了解。
07:05
would have some rudimentary idea of Greek art.
134
425400
2936
07:08
If you don't, the image doesn't work.
135
428360
1840
否则,图像就不起作用了。
07:10
But if you do, you might even appreciate the small detail,
136
430880
2736
如果你有一定的理解, 甚至会欣赏那些细节,
07:13
like the beer-can pattern here on the bottom of the vase.
137
433640
2856
就像花瓶底部的啤酒罐图案。
07:16
(Laughter)
138
436520
1680
(笑声)
07:19
A recurring discussion I have with magazine editors,
139
439600
4136
我与杂志编辑们一起反复讨论过——
07:23
who are usually word people,
140
443760
1976
他们是文字方面的行家——
07:25
is that their audience, you,
141
445760
2600
他们的观众,也就是在座的各位,
07:29
are much better at making radical leaps with images
142
449320
3576
能够赋予图像比其原本所要表现的意图
07:32
than they're being given credit for.
143
452920
1720
更加跳跃式的含义。
07:35
And the only thing I find frustrating is that they often seem to push me
144
455240
4296
而唯一让我感到沮丧的 一件事是,他们经常
07:39
towards a small set of really tired visual clichés
145
459560
3576
迫使我设计一小部分 老套的视觉图像,
07:43
that are considered safe.
146
463160
1616
认为这样做很保险。
07:44
You know, it's the businessman climbing up a ladder,
147
464800
2976
比如商人爬上梯子,
07:47
and then the ladder moves, morphs into a stock market graph,
148
467800
3096
然后梯子移动,变成股票市场图,
07:50
and anything with dollar signs; that's always good.
149
470920
2416
任何有美元符号的东西; 这些总是好的。
07:53
(Laughter)
150
473360
1616
(笑声)
07:55
If there are editorial decision makers here in the audience,
151
475000
3816
如果观众中有编辑决策者,
07:58
I want to give you a piece of advice.
152
478840
1776
我想给你们一些建议。
08:00
Every time a drawing like this is published,
153
480640
2896
每次发布这样的图片时,
08:03
a baby panda will die.
154
483560
1856
就会有一只熊猫宝宝死掉。
08:05
(Laughter)
155
485440
1096
(笑声)
08:06
Literally.
156
486560
1216
说真的。
08:07
(Laughter)
157
487800
1336
(笑声)
08:09
(Applause)
158
489160
4576
(掌声)
08:13
When is a visual cliché good or bad?
159
493760
3296
怎么判定视觉上的陈词滥调是好是坏?
08:17
It's a fine line.
160
497080
1816
有一个准则。
08:18
And it really depends on the story.
161
498920
2296
这取决于故事背景。
08:21
In 2011, during the earthquake and the tsunami in Japan,
162
501240
3736
2011 年,在日本的地震和海啸期间,
08:25
I was thinking of a cover.
163
505000
2176
我正在构想一个封面。
08:27
And I went through the classic symbols:
164
507200
2456
审视经典的符号:
08:29
the Japanese flag,
165
509680
1296
日本国旗,
08:31
"The Great Wave" by Hokusai, one of the greatest drawings ever.
166
511000
3360
北斋的 “大浪”,是有史以来 最伟大的绘画之一。
08:35
And then the story changed
167
515520
2616
然后故事变了,
08:38
when the situation at the power plant in Fukushima got out of hand.
168
518160
3160
福岛电厂的情况失控。
08:42
And I remember these TV images of the workers in hazmat suits,
169
522200
4616
我记得这些穿着 防护服工人的电视画面,
08:46
just walking through the site,
170
526840
1456
仅仅是走过那地方,
08:48
and what struck me was how quiet and serene it was.
171
528320
3656
那种宁静和安祥的感觉 却令我印象深刻。
所以我想创造一个静默的灾难图象。
08:52
And so I wanted to create an image of a silent catastrophe.
172
532000
3400
08:56
And that's the image I came up with.
173
536200
1720
这就是我设计的画面。
08:59
(Applause)
174
539120
1616
(掌声)
09:00
Thank you.
175
540760
1216
谢谢。
09:02
(Applause)
176
542000
2640
(掌声)
09:05
What I want to do is create an aha moment, for you, for the reader.
177
545280
4320
我想为各位,为读者们 创造一个顿悟时刻。
09:10
And unfortunately, that does not mean
178
550200
1816
不幸的是,这并不意味着
09:12
that I have an aha moment when I create these images.
179
552040
2520
当我创造这些图像时, 正处于灵光乍现的时刻。
09:15
I never sit at my desk
180
555520
1256
我坐在办公桌前的时候,
09:16
with the proverbial light bulb going off in my head.
181
556800
2960
脑海中象征灵感的灯泡从不会熄灭。
09:21
What it takes is actually a very slow,
182
561200
2816
它需要经历一个缓慢的,难熬的过程,
09:24
unsexy process of minimal design decisions
183
564040
3416
为最细微的设计决策而绞尽脑汁,
09:27
that then, when I'm lucky, lead to a good idea.
184
567480
2320
如果我的运气还不错, 就会得到一个好主意。
09:31
So one day, I'm on a train, and I'm trying to decode
185
571960
2656
有一天在火车上,我正在尝试解读
09:34
the graphic rules for drops on a window.
186
574640
2200
窗玻璃上水滴的图形规则。
09:37
And eventually I realize,
187
577520
1256
最后意识到,
09:38
"Oh, it's the background blurry upside-down,
188
578800
3496
“哦,模糊不清,上下颠倒的背景,
包含在了一幅清晰的图像中。 “
09:42
contained in a sharp image."
189
582320
1376
09:43
And I thought, wow, that's really cool,
190
583720
1876
我想,哇,真的很酷,
09:45
and I have absolutely no idea what to do with that.
191
585610
2376
但却不知道如何应用这种场景。
不久之后,我回到了纽约,
09:48
A while later, I'm back in New York,
192
588016
2160
09:50
and I draw this image of being stuck on the Brooklyn bridge in a traffic jam.
193
590200
4360
在交通拥堵中画出了这张 在布鲁克林大桥上被困的图片。
09:55
It's really annoying, but also kind of poetic.
194
595240
2360
这个场景让人感到 心烦意乱,但也蕴含着诗意。
09:58
And only later I realized,
195
598960
1256
后来我才意识到,
10:00
I can take both of these ideas and put them together in this idea.
196
600240
3280
我可以融合那两个想法, 来得到一个新想法。
10:04
And what I want to do is not show a realistic scene.
197
604760
3120
而我的目的并不是展现真实的场景。
10:09
But, maybe like poetry,
198
609160
2576
也许就像诗歌那样,
10:11
make you aware that you already had this image with you,
199
611760
3456
让你意识到你已经拥有这个图象,
10:15
but only now I've unearthed it
200
615240
1856
但直到现在我才发掘出來,
10:17
and made you realize that you were carrying it with you all along.
201
617120
3600
让你意识到它一直伴随着你。
10:21
But like poetry, this is a very delicate process
202
621760
3336
但也就像诗歌一样, 这是一个非常微妙的过程,
10:25
that is neither efficient nor scalable, I think.
203
625120
4360
既不高效,也不能随意 应用到其他场景中。
10:30
And maybe the most important skill for an artist
204
630720
3536
艺术家最重要的技能
10:34
is really empathy.
205
634280
1200
也许真的是同理心。
10:36
You need craft and you need --
206
636640
3056
你需要草图,你需要——
10:39
(Laughter)
207
639720
1536
(笑声)
10:41
you need creativity --
208
641280
1256
你需要创造力——
10:42
(Laughter)
209
642560
1536
(笑声)
10:44
thank you --
210
644120
1216
谢谢——
10:45
to come up with an image like that.
211
645360
2136
来构思出这样的图像。
10:47
But then you need to step back
212
647520
2256
但是你还需要退后一步,
10:49
and look at what you've done from the perspective of the reader.
213
649800
3120
从读者的角度去看你做了些什么。
10:53
I've tried to become a better artist by becoming a better observer of images.
214
653920
4640
我试着通过成为一个更好的观察者, 去成为更好的艺术家。
10:59
And for that, I started an exercise for myself
215
659280
2336
为此,我开始锻炼自己,
11:01
which I call Sunday sketching,
216
661640
2216
我称这个过程为周日草图,
11:03
which meant, on a Sunday, I would take a random object I found around the house
217
663880
5096
在星期天,我会利用一个 在房子周围随机找到的物品,
并尝试查看该对像 是否可以触发一个
11:09
and try to see if that object could trigger an idea
218
669000
4416
11:13
that had nothing to do with the original purpose of that item.
219
673440
2920
这与该物品的设计初衷无关的想法。
通常,很长一段时间里, 我的大脑都是一片空白。
11:17
And it usually just means I'm blank for a long while.
220
677160
3000
11:21
And the only trick that eventually works is if I open my mind
221
681160
3536
最终唯一有效的技巧, 就是我能敞开心扉,
11:24
and run through every image I have stored up there,
222
684720
3336
并浏览存储在脑海里的每张图片,
11:28
and see if something clicks.
223
688080
1560
试图从中得到灵感。
11:30
And if it does, just add a few lines of ink to connect --
224
690640
4376
如果有,只需添加 几行墨水即可建立连接——
11:35
to preserve this very short moment of inspiration.
225
695040
2920
紧握住这个电光石火间的灵感。
11:40
And the great lesson there
226
700200
2296
我最大的收获就是,
11:42
was that the real magic doesn't happen on paper.
227
702520
3216
真正的魔法不会发生在纸上。
11:45
It happens in the mind of the viewer.
228
705760
1800
它只发生在观众的脑海中。
11:48
When your expectations and your knowledge clash with my artistic intentions.
229
708320
5640
也就是,当你的期望和知识 与我的艺术意图发生碰撞时。
11:55
Your interaction with an image,
230
715960
2896
你与图像的互动,
11:58
your ability to read, question, be bothered or bored or inspired
231
718880
4296
你的阅读、提问、烦恼、厌烦 或受图像启发的
12:03
by an image
232
723200
1216
能力,
12:04
is as important as my artistic contribution.
233
724440
2440
和我的艺术贡献一样重要。
12:07
Because that's what turns an artistic statement
234
727960
4240
因为正是这一点让一种艺术陈述
12:13
really, into a creative dialogue.
235
733720
1600
真正变成了创意对话。
12:17
And so, your skill at reading images
236
737040
2456
所以,你理解图像的能力
12:19
is not only amazing,
237
739520
1240
不仅令人惊叹,
12:21
it is what makes my art possible.
238
741560
1840
也是让我的艺术成为可能的原因。
12:24
And for that, I thank you very much.
239
744880
2456
为此,我非常感谢各位。
12:27
(Applause)
240
747360
3096
(掌声)
12:30
(Cheers)
241
750480
4600
(掌声,站立)
12:36
Thank you.
242
756000
1216
谢谢。
12:37
(Applause)
243
757240
3840
(掌声)
关于本网站

这个网站将向你介绍对学习英语有用的YouTube视频。你将看到来自世界各地的一流教师教授的英语课程。双击每个视频页面上显示的英文字幕,即可从那里播放视频。字幕会随着视频的播放而同步滚动。如果你有任何意见或要求,请使用此联系表与我们联系。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7