You are fluent in this language (and don't even know it) | Christoph Niemann

1,645,083 views ใƒป 2018-08-22

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Niv Morgenstern ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Ido Dekkers
00:12
I'm an artist.
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ืื ื™ ืืžืŸ.
00:15
Being an artist is the greatest job there is.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžืŸ. ื–ื• ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื™ืฉ.
00:18
And I really pity each and every one of you
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ื•ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืžืจื—ื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ืช ื•ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื
00:21
who has to spend your days discovering new galaxies
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ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืœื•ืช ืืช ื™ืžื™ื›ื ื‘ืœื’ืœื•ืช ื’ืœืงืกื™ื•ืช ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช
00:23
or saving humanity from global warming.
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ืื• ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืžื”ื”ืชื—ืžืžื•ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช.
00:26
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:28
But being an artist is also a daunting job.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžืŸ, ื–ื• ื’ื ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืžืจืชื™ืขื”.
00:32
I spend every day, from nine to six, doing this.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืฉืข ืœืฉืฉ, ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืœื” ื‘ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”.
00:37
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:39
I even started a side career that consists entirely
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืงืจื™ื™ืจืช ืฆื“ ืฉืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ื›ื•ืœื”
00:43
of complaining about the difficulty of the creative process.
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ืžืœื”ืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™.
00:45
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:47
But today, I don't want to talk about what makes my life difficult.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื ื™ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื—ื™ื™ ืงืฉื™ื.
00:51
I want to talk about what makes it easy.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืžื” ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื ืงืœื™ื.
00:54
And that is you --
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ื•ืืœื• ืืชื
00:55
and the fact that you are fluent in a language
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ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉืคื” ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื˜ืคืช
00:58
that you're probably not even aware of.
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ื•ื›ื›ืœ ื”ื ืจืื” ืืชื ืœื ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื›ืš.
01:01
You're fluent in the language of reading images.
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ืืชื ืฉื•ื˜ืคื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืช ืงืจื™ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
01:06
Deciphering an image like that
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ืœืคืขื ื— ืชืžื•ื ื” ื›ืžื• ื–ื•
01:08
takes quite a bit of an intellectual effort.
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ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืžืืžืฅ ืื™ื ื˜ืœืงื˜ื•ืืœื™.
01:10
But nobody ever taught you how this works,
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ืื‘ืœ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืœื™ืžื“ ืืชื›ื ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“,
01:12
you just know it.
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ืืชื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
01:15
College, shopping, music.
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ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”, ืงื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”.
01:17
What makes a language powerful is that you can take a very complex idea
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืฉืคื” ืœืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงื—ืช ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘
01:21
and communicate it in a very simple, efficient form.
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ื•ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื•ื™ืขื™ืœื”.
01:25
These images represent exactly the same ideas.
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ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืืช ืื•ืชื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
01:30
But when you look, for example, at the college hat,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”,
01:33
you know that this doesn't represent the accessory you wear on your head
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืื‘ื™ื–ืจ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ื‘ื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ
01:36
when you're being handed your diploma,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœืš ืืช ืชืขื•ื“ืช ื”ืกื™ื•ื,
01:38
but rather the whole idea of college.
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ืืœื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”.
01:42
Now, what drawings can do is they cannot only communicate images,
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ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืชืงืฉืจ ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช,
01:46
they can even evoke emotions.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื’ื ืœืขื•ืจืจ ืจื’ืฉื•ืช.
01:49
Let's say you get to an unfamiliar place and you see this.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืืžืจ ืฉืืชื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืžื•ื›ืจ ื•ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
01:52
You feel happiness and relief.
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ืืชื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืื•ืฉืจ ื•ื”ืงืœื”.
01:53
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:55
Or a slight sense of unease or maybe downright panic.
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ืื• ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืงืœื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืคืื ื™ืงื”.
02:01
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:03
Or blissful peace and quiet.
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ืื• ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืฉืœื•ื•ื” ื•ืฉืงื˜ ืขื™ืœืื™ืช.
02:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:08
But visuals, they're of course more than just graphic icons.
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ืืžืฆืขื™ื ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื™ื™ืงื•ื ื™ื.
02:13
You know, if I want to tell the story of modern-day struggle,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ืืจืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืขืœ ืžืื‘ืง ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ืžื™ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™,
02:16
I would start with the armrest between two airplane seats
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ืืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืฉืชื™ ืžืฉืขื ื•ืช ื™ื“ ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก
02:20
and two sets of elbows fighting.
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ื•ืฉื ื™ ืžืจืคืงื™ื ื ืœื—ืžื™ื.
02:22
What I love there is this universal law
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื—ื•ืง ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™
02:25
that, you know, you have 30 seconds to fight it out
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื 30 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ืขืœ ื›ืš
02:27
and once it's yours, you get to keep it for the rest of the flight.
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ื•ืื– ืžืฉืขื ืช ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœื›ื ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื˜ื™ืกื”.
02:30
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:32
Now, commercial flight is full of these images.
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ื˜ื™ืกื•ืช ืžืกื—ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืœืื•ืช ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
02:36
If I want to illustrate the idea of discomfort,
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ืื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช,
02:40
nothing better than these neck pillows.
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ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืจื™ื•ืช ืฆื•ื•ืืจ.
02:42
They're designed to make you more comfortable --
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ื”ื ืขื•ืฆื‘ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื›ื ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื ื•ื—--
02:45
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:47
except they don't.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืœื.
02:48
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:52
So I never sleep on airplanes.
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืจื“ื ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื.
02:54
What I do occasionally is I fall into a sort of painful coma.
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ืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ื” ื ื›ื ืก ืœืžืขื™ืŸ ืชืจื“ืžืช ื›ื•ืื‘ืช.
02:59
And when I wake up from that,
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืžืชืขื•ืจืจ ืžืžื ื”,
03:02
I have the most terrible taste in my mouth.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื˜ืขื ื ื•ืจืื™ ื‘ืคื”.
03:05
It's a taste that's so bad, it cannot be described with words,
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ื–ื” ื˜ืขื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื ื•ืจื, ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืชืืจ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื,
03:08
but it can be drawn.
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ืื‘ืœ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื•.
03:09
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:15
The thing is, you know, I love sleeping.
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ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื•ื, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ.
03:19
And when I sleep, I really prefer to do it while spooning.
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ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ื™ืฉืŸ, ืื ื™ ืžืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื›ืคื™ื•ืช.
03:22
I've been spooning on almost a pro level for close to 20 years,
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ืื ื™ ืžืงืฆื•ืขืŸ ื‘ืฉื™ื ืช ื›ืคื™ื•ืช ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœ-20 ืฉื ื™ื,
03:26
but in all this time, I've never figured out
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ
03:29
what to do with that bottom arm.
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ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื”ื™ื“ ืฉืœืžื˜ื”.
03:31
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:34
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
03:36
And the only thing --
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ --
03:39
the only thing that makes sleeping even more complicated
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื” ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช
03:42
than trying to do it on an airplane
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ืžืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก
03:44
is when you have small children.
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ื”ื•ื ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื.
03:47
They show up at your bed at around 4am
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ื”ื ืžื•ืคื™ืขื™ื ืœืฆื“ ื”ืžื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ 4 ืœืคื ื•ืช ื‘ื•ืงืจ
03:50
with some bogus excuse of, "I had a bad dream."
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ืขื ืื™ื–ื” ืชื™ืจื•ืฅ ืžื•ืžืฆื ื›ืžื•, "ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื—ืœื•ื ืจืข."
03:53
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
03:55
And then, of course you feel sorry for them, they're your kids,
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ื•ืื–, ืืชื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืจื—ืžื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื, ื”ื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื,
03:58
so you let them into your bed.
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ืื– ืืชื ืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืžื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื›ื.
03:59
And I have to admit, at the beginning, they're really cute and warm and snugly.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช, ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื”ื ื—ืžื•ื“ื™ื, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืชื›ืจื‘ืœ ืื™ืชื.
04:03
The minute you fall back asleep, they inexplicably --
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ื‘ืฉื ื™ื” ืฉืืชื ื ืจื“ืžื™ื ื—ื–ืจื”, ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืœืชื™ ืฆืคื•ื™ --
04:06
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:08
start rotating.
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘.
04:09
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:12
We like to call this the helicopter mode.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืœื™ืงื•ืคื˜ืจ.
04:14
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:16
Now, the deeper something is etched into your consciousness,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื“ื‘ืจ ื˜ื‘ื•ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื•ืง ื‘ืชื•ื“ืขื” ืฉืœื›ื,
04:21
the fewer details we need to have an emotional reaction.
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ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืคื—ื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื›ื ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืจื’ืฉื™ืช.
04:25
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:28
So why does an image like this work?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉื›ื–ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช?
04:31
It works, because we as readers
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ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื• ื›ืงื•ืจืื™ื
04:33
are incredibly good at filling in the blanks.
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ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืœืžืœื ืืช ื”ื—ืกืจ.
04:37
Now, when you draw, there's this concept of negative space.
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ื›ืขืช, ื›ืฉืืชื ืžืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืงื•ื ืกืคื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืจื—ื‘ ืฉืœื™ืœื™.
04:41
And the idea is, that instead of drawing the actual object,
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ื•ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ื‘ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืขืฆืžื•,
04:43
you draw the space around it.
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ืืชื ืžืฆื™ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•.
04:46
So the bowls in this drawing are empty.
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ืื– ื”ืงืขืจื•ืช ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืจื™ืงื•ืช.
04:49
But the black ink prompts your brain to project food into a void.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื™ื• ื”ืฉื—ื•ืจ ืžื’ืจื” ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ืœื”ืงืจื™ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ืœืœ.
04:56
What we see here is not a owl flying.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืืŸ ื™ื ืฉื•ืฃ ืขืฃ.
05:00
What we actually see is a pair of AA batteries
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ื•ื’ ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช
05:02
standing on a nonsensical drawing,
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ืฉื”ื•ืขืžื“ื• ืขืœ ืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉื˜ื•ืชื™.
05:04
and I animate the scene by moving my desk lamp up and down.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืื ื™ืžืฆื™ื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื–ื–ืช ืžื ื•ืจืช ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื”.
05:08
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:10
The image really only exists in your mind.
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช ืจืง ื‘ืจืืฉื›ื.
05:13
So, how much information do we need to trigger such an image?
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ืื–, ื›ืžื” ืื™ื ืคื•ืจืžืฆื™ื” ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื•ืจืจ ื›ื–ื• ืชืžื•ื ื”?
05:18
My goal as an artist is to use the smallest amount possible.
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ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ืืžืŸ ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
05:23
I try to achieve a level of simplicity
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ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช
05:25
where, if you were to take away one more element,
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ื›ืš, ืฉืื ืชื™ืงื— ืžืžื ื” ืจืง ืขื•ื“ ืืœืžื ื˜ ืื—ื“,
05:28
the whole concept would just collapse.
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ื›ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜.
05:31
And that's why my personal favorite tool as an artist is abstraction.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื™ ื”ืžื•ืขื“ืฃ ืขืœื™ ื›ืืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืคืฉื˜.
05:36
I've come up with this system which I call the abstract-o-meter,
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ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื” ื”ืžื•ืคืฉื˜-ืื•-ืžื˜ืจ,
05:39
and this is how it works.
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื™ื ืคื•ืขืœืช.
05:40
So you take a symbol, any symbol, for example the heart and the arrow,
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ืืชื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืกืžืœ, ื›ืœ ืกืžืœ, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ืœื‘ ืขื ื”ื—ืฅ,
05:44
which most of us would read as the symbol for love,
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ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ื• ื ืงืจื ื›ืกืžืœ ืœืื”ื‘ื”,
05:47
and I'm an artist, so I can draw this
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืŸ, ืื– ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฆื™ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื”
05:49
in any given degree of realism or abstraction.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืจืžื” ืฉืœ ืจื™ืืœื™ื–ื ืื• ืžื•ืคืฉื˜.
05:53
Now, if I go too realistic on it, it just grosses everybody out.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ ืžื“ื™, ื–ื” ืกืชื ืžื’ืขื™ืœ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื.
05:57
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:59
If I go too far on the other side and do very abstract,
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ืื ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืฆื“ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื•ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื” ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ ืžืื•ื“,
06:03
nobody has any idea what they're looking at.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ืžืกืชื›ืœ.
06:06
So I have to find the perfect place on that scale,
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืง ื‘ืกืงืืœื”,
06:08
in this case it's somewhere in the middle.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืฆืข.
06:11
Now, once we have reduced an image to a more simple form,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ืจื“ื ื• ืชืžื•ื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ,
06:16
all sorts of new connections become possible.
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ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื ื”ื™ื™ื ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื.
06:20
And that allows for totally new angles in storytelling.
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ื•ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ื–ื•ื•ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื.
06:24
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:27
And so, what I like to do is,
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ื”,
06:29
I like to take images from really remote cultural areas and bring them together.
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ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืงื—ืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ืจื—ื•ืงื•ืช ื•ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชืŸ ื™ื—ื“.
06:36
Now, with more daring references --
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืขื ื™ื—ื•ืก ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื•ืขื– --
06:38
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
06:41
I can have more fun.
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืงืฆืช ื›ื™ืฃ.
06:43
But of course, I know that eventually things become so obscure
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ืืš ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื›ื” ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื
06:46
that I start losing some of you.
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ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืื‘ื“ ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื.
06:48
So as a designer, it's absolutely key to have a good understanding
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ืื– ื›ืžืขืฆื‘, ื–ื” ื”ื›ืจื—ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ื‘ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”
06:53
of the visual and cultural vocabulary of your audience.
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ืฉืœ ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืชืจื‘ื•ืชื™ ื•ื”ื—ื–ื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœืš.
06:58
With this image here, a comment on the Olympics in Athens,
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ืขื ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ืืŸ, ื”ืขืจื” ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืœื™ืžืคื™ืื“ื” ื‘ืืชื•ื ื”,
07:03
I assumed that the reader of the "New Yorker"
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ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉืœืงื•ืจื ืฉืœ "ื”ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืงืจ"
07:05
would have some rudimentary idea of Greek art.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ื‘ื ื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช ื‘ืื•ืžื ื•ืช ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช.
07:08
If you don't, the image doesn't work.
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ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื, ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ืช.
07:10
But if you do, you might even appreciate the small detail,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื, ืื•ืœื™ ืชืขืจื™ื›ื• ืืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื”ืงื˜ื ื™ื,
07:13
like the beer-can pattern here on the bottom of the vase.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื“ืคื•ืก ืฉืœ ืคื—ื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ืจื” ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ืื’ืจื˜ืœ.
07:16
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:19
A recurring discussion I have with magazine editors,
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ื™ืฉื ื• ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื—ื•ื–ืจ ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ืฆืข ืขื ืขื•ืจื›ื™ ืžื’ื–ื™ื ื™ื,
07:23
who are usually word people,
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ืฉื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืื ืฉื™ ืžื™ืœื™ื,
07:25
is that their audience, you,
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ืืชื, ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉืœื”ื,
07:29
are much better at making radical leaps with images
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ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืงืคื™ืฆื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืขื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช
07:32
than they're being given credit for.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืฉื”ื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื›ื ืงืจื“ื™ื˜.
07:35
And the only thing I find frustrating is that they often seem to push me
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืžืชืกื›ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืœืขื™ืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื ื“ื•ื—ืคื™ื ืื•ืชื™
07:39
towards a small set of really tired visual clichรฉs
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ืœืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืงืœื™ืฉืื•ืช ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ื•ืช
07:43
that are considered safe.
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ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช.
07:44
You know, it's the businessman climbing up a ladder,
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืื™ืฉ ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ืžื˜ืคืก ืขืœ ืกื•ืœื,
07:47
and then the ladder moves, morphs into a stock market graph,
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ื•ืื– ื”ืกื•ืœื ืขื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืœื”, ืžืฉืชื ื” ืœืฆื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ื’ืจืฃ,
07:50
and anything with dollar signs; that's always good.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืกืžืœ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ืœืจ; ื–ื” ืชืžื™ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘.
07:53
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:55
If there are editorial decision makers here in the audience,
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ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืงื”ืœ ืขื•ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช,
07:58
I want to give you a piece of advice.
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ืขืฆื”.
08:00
Every time a drawing like this is published,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืฆื™ื•ืจ ืฉื›ื–ื” ืžืคื•ืจืกื,
08:03
a baby panda will die.
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ืชื™ื ื•ืง ืคื ื“ื” ื™ืžื•ืช.
08:05
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:06
Literally.
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ื‘ืืžืช.
08:07
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:09
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
08:13
When is a visual clichรฉ good or bad?
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ืžืชื™ ืงืœื™ืฉืื” ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืื• ืจืขื”?
08:17
It's a fine line.
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ื–ื” ืงื• ื“ืง.
08:18
And it really depends on the story.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืืžืช ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ.
08:21
In 2011, during the earthquake and the tsunami in Japan,
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ื‘ืฉื ืช 2011, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื•ื”ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ื‘ื™ืคืŸ,
08:25
I was thinking of a cover.
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ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื›ืจื™ื›ื”.
08:27
And I went through the classic symbols:
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื”ืกืžืœื™ื ื”ืงืœืืกื™ื™ื:
08:29
the Japanese flag,
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ื“ื’ืœ ื™ืคืŸ,
08:31
"The Great Wave" by Hokusai, one of the greatest drawings ever.
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"ื”ื’ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ" ืฉืœ ื”ื•ืงื•ืกืื™, ืื—ื“ ื”ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ืื™ ืคืขื.
08:35
And then the story changed
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ื•ืื– ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืฉืชื ื”
08:38
when the situation at the power plant in Fukushima got out of hand.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืกื™ื˜ื•ืืฆื™ื” ื‘ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื‘ืคื•ืงื•ืฉื™ืžื” ื™ืฆืื” ืžื›ืœืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
08:42
And I remember these TV images of the workers in hazmat suits,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ืœื•ื•ื™ื–ื™ื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ืœื™ืคื•ืช ื”ื’ื ื”,
08:46
just walking through the site,
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื“ืจืš ื”ืืชืจ,
08:48
and what struck me was how quiet and serene it was.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื” ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื›ืžื” ื”ืกืฆื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉืงื˜ื”.
08:52
And so I wanted to create an image of a silent catastrophe.
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื” ืฉืงื˜ื”.
08:56
And that's the image I came up with.
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉื™ืฆืจืชื™.
08:59
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:00
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
09:02
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:05
What I want to do is create an aha moment, for you, for the reader.
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ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ื–ื” ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ืื” ืื”ื”, ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื, ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ืจื.
09:10
And unfortunately, that does not mean
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ื•ืœืฆืขืจื™, ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ืžืจ
09:12
that I have an aha moment when I create these images.
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ืฉืœื™ ื™ืฉ ืจื’ืข ืฉืœ ืื” ืื”ื” ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
09:15
I never sit at my desk
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ืœืขื•ืœื ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ืœื™ื“ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื™
09:16
with the proverbial light bulb going off in my head.
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ื•ื ื•ืจื” ื ื“ืœืงืช ืœื™ ืžืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉ.
09:21
What it takes is actually a very slow,
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ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืื•ื“ ืื™ื˜ื™,
09:24
unsexy process of minimal design decisions
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ื•ืœื ืกืงืกื™ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืขื™ืฆื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช
09:27
that then, when I'm lucky, lead to a good idea.
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ื•ืื– ืœืคืชืข, ื›ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžื–ืœ, ื”ื•ื ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘.
09:31
So one day, I'm on a train, and I'm trying to decode
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ืื– ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ืื ื™ ื‘ืจื›ื‘ืช, ื•ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœืคืขื ื—
09:34
the graphic rules for drops on a window.
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ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื’ืจืืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ.
09:37
And eventually I realize,
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ื•ืœืคืชืข ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ,
09:38
"Oh, it's the background blurry upside-down,
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"ืื”ื”, ื–ื” ื”ืจืงืข ืžื˜ื•ืฉื˜ืฉ ื‘ืžื”ื•ืคืš,
09:42
contained in a sharp image."
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ืฉื ืชืคืก ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื—ื“ื”."
09:43
And I thought, wow, that's really cool,
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœืขืฆืžื™, ื•ื•ืื•, ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘,
09:45
and I have absolutely no idea what to do with that.
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ื•ืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืขื ื–ื”.
09:48
A while later, I'm back in New York,
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ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ, ื—ื–ืจืชื™ ืœื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง,
09:50
and I draw this image of being stuck on the Brooklyn bridge in a traffic jam.
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ื•ืฆื™ื™ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืชืงื•ืข ื‘ืคืงืง ืชื ื•ืขื” ืขืœ ื’ืฉืจ ื‘ืจื•ืงืœื™ืŸ.
09:55
It's really annoying, but also kind of poetic.
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ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืขืฆื‘ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืžืžืฉ ืคื•ืื˜ื™.
09:58
And only later I realized,
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ื•ืจืง ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™,
10:00
I can take both of these ideas and put them together in this idea.
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ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ืฉืชื™ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื•ืœืฉืœื‘ ืื•ืชื ืœืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื”.
10:04
And what I want to do is not show a realistic scene.
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื–ื• ืœื ืกืฆื ื” ืจื™ืืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช.
10:09
But, maybe like poetry,
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ืืœื, ืื•ืœื™ ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืจื”,
10:11
make you aware that you already had this image with you,
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืชื›ื ืœืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ืื™ืชื›ื,
10:15
but only now I've unearthed it
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืขืช ืื ื™ ืจืง ื—ืฉืคืชื™ ืื•ืชื”
10:17
and made you realize that you were carrying it with you all along.
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ื•ื’ืจืžืชื™ ืœื›ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืืชื ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืื•ืชื” ืื™ืชื›ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
10:21
But like poetry, this is a very delicate process
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืจื”, ื–ื”ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืžืื•ื“ ืขื“ื™ืŸ
10:25
that is neither efficient nor scalable, I think.
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื™ื ื• ื™ืขื™ืœ ืื• ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉื›ืคื•ืœ.
10:30
And maybe the most important skill for an artist
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœืืžืŸ
10:34
is really empathy.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืืžืช ืืžืคื˜ื™ื”.
10:36
You need craft and you need --
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื•ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื --
10:39
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:41
you need creativity --
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ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช --
10:42
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
10:44
thank you --
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื --
10:45
to come up with an image like that.
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ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ืชืžื•ื ื” ื›ืžื• ื–ื•.
10:47
But then you need to step back
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ืื‘ืœ ืื– ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืฆืขื“ ืื—ื•ืจื”
10:49
and look at what you've done from the perspective of the reader.
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ื•ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืจื.
10:53
I've tried to become a better artist by becoming a better observer of images.
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ื ื™ืกื™ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืคื™ื›ื” ืœืžืชื‘ื•ื ืŸ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช.
10:59
And for that, I started an exercise for myself
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ื•ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื–ื”, ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืชืจื’ื™ืœ ืขื ืขืฆืžื™
11:01
which I call Sunday sketching,
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ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื• ืฆื™ื•ืจื™ ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ,
11:03
which meant, on a Sunday, I would take a random object I found around the house
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ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจ, ืฉื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืื ื™ ืืงื— ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืืงืจืื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช
11:09
and try to see if that object could trigger an idea
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ื•ืื ื™ ืื ืกื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืื ื”ื—ืคืฅ ืžืขืœื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ
11:13
that had nothing to do with the original purpose of that item.
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ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืฉื•ื ืงืฉืจ ืœืžื˜ืจื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ืคืฅ.
11:17
And it usually just means I'm blank for a long while.
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ.
11:21
And the only trick that eventually works is if I open my mind
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ื•ื”ื˜ืจื™ืง ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื”ื•ื ืื ืื ื™ ืคื•ืชื— ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ
11:24
and run through every image I have stored up there,
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ื•ืžืจื™ืฅ ื›ืœ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ืื—ืกื ืชื™ ืฉื,
11:28
and see if something clicks.
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ื•ืจื•ืื” ืื ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ.
11:30
And if it does, just add a few lines of ink to connect --
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ื•ืื ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ, ืื ื™ ืจืง ืžื•ืกื™ืฃ ื›ืžื” ืงื•ื•ื™ ื“ื™ื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื‘ืจ --
11:35
to preserve this very short moment of inspiration.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ืงืฆืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืจืื”.
11:40
And the great lesson there
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื›ืืŸ
11:42
was that the real magic doesn't happen on paper.
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ืฉื”ืงืกื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืื™ื ื• ืงื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื™ืจ.
11:45
It happens in the mind of the viewer.
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ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžื•ื— ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืคื”.
11:48
When your expectations and your knowledge clash with my artistic intentions.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ื“ืข ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชื ื’ืฉื™ื ืขื ื”ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื™.
11:55
Your interaction with an image,
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ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืขื ื”ืชืžื•ื ื”,
11:58
your ability to read, question, be bothered or bored or inspired
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ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœื›ื ืœืงืจื•ื, ืœืฉืื•ืœ, ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ื™ื ืื• ืžืฉื•ืขืžืžื™ื ืื• ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืจืื”
12:03
by an image
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ืžื”ืชืžื•ื ื”
12:04
is as important as my artistic contribution.
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ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืชืจื•ืžื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื™ืช ืฉืœื™.
12:07
Because that's what turns an artistic statement
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ืื•ืžื ื•ืชื™ืช
12:13
really, into a creative dialogue.
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ืœื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ ืืžื™ืชื™.
12:17
And so, your skill at reading images
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื ื‘ืงืจื™ืืช ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช
12:19
is not only amazing,
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ืœื ืจืง ืžื“ื”ื™ื,
12:21
it is what makes my art possible.
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ื”ื•ื ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœื™ ืœืืคืฉืจื™ืช.
12:24
And for that, I thank you very much.
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ื•ื‘ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื ืžืื•ื“.
12:27
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
12:30
(Cheers)
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(ืชืฉื•ืื•ืช)
12:36
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
12:37
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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