How the mysterious dark net is going mainstream | Jamie Bartlett

Prevodilac: Tijana Mihajlović Lektor: Ivana Krivokuća

If you want to buy high-quality, low-price cocaine,

Ako želite da kupite jeftin kokain veoma dobrog kvaliteta,

there really is only one place to go,

zaista postoji samo jedno mesto gde treba otići,

and that is the dark net anonymous markets.

a to je mračna mreža anonimnih tržišta.

Now, you can't get to these sites

Ne možete da pristupite ovim sajtovima

with a normal browser -- Chrome or Firefox --

uz pomoć uobičajenih pretraživača - Hroma ili Fajerfoksa,

because they're on this hidden part of the Internet,

jer se nalaze na skrivenom delu interneta,

known as Tor hidden services,

poznatom pod nazivom Torove tajne usluge,

where URLs are a string of meaningless numbers and letters that end in .onion,

gde su URL-ovi nizovi besmislenih brojeva i slova

koji se završavaju nastavkom „.onion”,

and which you access with a special browser

a kojima pristupate uz posebni pretraživač

called the Tor browser.

pod nazivom pretraživač Tor.

Now, the Tor browser was originally a U.S. Naval intelligence project.

Pretraživač Tor je izvorno bio projekat obaveštajne službe američke mornarnice.

It then became open source,

Tada je postao otvoren izvor

and it allows anybody to browse the net

i dozvolio svima da pretražuju mrežu

without giving away their location.

bez odavanja njihove lokacije.

And it does this by encrypting your IP address

Ovo radi kroz šifrovanje vaše IP adrese

and then routing it via several other computers around the world

a onda i njeno rutiranje preko nekoliko drugih kompjutera širom sveta

that use the same software.

koji koriste isti softver.

You can use it on the normal Internet,

Možete ga koristiti na uobičajenom internetu,

but it's also your key to the dark net.

ali je on ujedno i vaš ključ za mračni net.

And because of this fiendishly clever encryption system,

Zbog đavolski pametnog enkripcionog sistema,

the 20 or 30 -- we don't know exactly -- thousand sites that operate there

20 ili 30 - ne znamo tačno - hiljada sajtova koji tamo rade

are incredibly difficult to shut down.

neobično je teško ugasiti.

It is a censorship-free world visited by anonymous users.

To je svet bez cenzure koji posećuju anonimni korisnici.

Little wonder, then, that it's a natural place to go

Nije ni čudo, onda, da je to prirodno mesto

for anybody with something to hide,

da tamo ode bilo ko ko nešto krije,

and that something, of course, need not be illegal.

a to nešto, naravno, ne mora da bude ilegalno.

On the dark net, you will find

Na mračnom netu ćete naći

whistle-blower sites, The New Yorker.

uzbunjivačke sajtove, Njujorker.

You will find political activism blogs.

Naći ćete blogove vezane za politički aktivizam.

You will find libraries of pirated books.

Naći ćete biblioteke sa piratskim knjigama.

But you'll also find the drugs markets,

Međutim, naći ćete i tržišta sa drogama,

illegal pornography, commercial hacking services,

ilegalnu pornografiju, komercijalne hakerske službe

and much more besides.

i mnogo štošta još.

Now, the dark net is one of the most interesting, exciting places

Tamni net je jedno od najinteresantnijih, najuzbudljivijih mesta

anywhere on the net.

bilo gde na internetu.

And the reason is, because although innovation, of course,

Razlog tome je - zato što se inovacija, naravno,

takes place in big businesses,

dešava u velikim biznisima,

takes place in world-class universities,

na univerzitetima svetske klase,

it also takes place in the fringes,

dešava se i na marginama

because those on the fringes -- the pariahs, the outcasts --

jer su oni na marginama - prokazani, izgnanici -

they're often the most creative, because they have to be.

obično najkreativniji jer moraju da budu.

In this part of the Internet,

U ovom delu interneta,

you will not find a single lolcat,

nećete naći nijednu jedinu sliku smešne mace,

a single pop-up advert anywhere.

nijedan iskačući oglas bilo gde,

And that's one of the reasons why I think

a to je razlog zbog čega mislim

many of you here will be on the dark net fairly soon.

da će se mnogi od vas ovde ubrzo naći na tamnom netu.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Not that I'm suggesting anyone in this audience would use it

Nije da sugerišem da bi ga bilo ko u ovoj publici koristio

to go and procure high-quality narcotics.

da ode i nabavi narkotike visokog kvaliteta,

But let's say for a moment that you were.

ali pretpostavimo na trenutak da bi.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Bear with me.

Budite strpljvi sa mnom.

The first thing you will notice on signing up to one of these sites

Prva stvar koju ćete primetiti po prijavljivanju na jedan od ovih sajtova

is how familiar it looks.

je koliko poznato izgleda.

Every single product --

Svaki proizvod -

thousands of products --

hiljade proizvoda -

has a glossy, high-res image,

ima sjajne slike visoke rezolucije,

a detailed product description, a price.

detaljan opis proizvoda, cenu.

There's a "Proceed to checkout" icon.

Postoji ikonica „nastavite na kasu”.

There is even, most beautifully of all,

Postoji čak, što je najlepše od svega,

a "Report this item" button.

dugme „prijavite ovaj predmet”.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Incredible.

Neverovatno.

You browse through the site, you make your choice,

Pretražujete sajt, odlučujete,

you pay with the crypto-currency bitcoin,

plaćate kriptovalutom, bitkoinom,

you enter an address -- preferably not your home address --

unesete adresu - poželjno je da to ne bude vaša kućna adresa -

and you wait for your product to arrive in the post,

i čekate da vaš proizvod stigne u poštu,

which it nearly always does.

a što se skoro uvek dešava.

And the reason it does is not because of the clever encryption.

Razlog tome nije pametna enkripcija.

That's important.

To je važno.

Something far simpler than that.

Nešto mnogo jednostavnije od toga.

It's the user reviews.

To su korisničke preporuke.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

You see, every single vendor on these sites

Vidite, svaki pojedinačni prodavac na ovim sajtovima

uses a pseudonym, naturally enough,

koristi pseudonim, prirodno,

but they keep the same pseudonym to build up a reputation.

ali zadržavaju isti pseudonim da bi izgradili reputaciju.

And because it's easy for the buyer to change allegiance whenever they want,

Pošto je za kupca lako da postane veran nekom drugom

kad god poželi,

the only way of trusting a vendor

jedini način da se veruje prodavcu je

is if they have a good history of positive feedback

ako imaju dobru istoriju pozitivne povratne informacije

from other users of the site.

drugih korisnika tog sajta.

And this introduction of competition and choice

Ovo uvođenje kompetitivnosti i izbora

does exactly what the economists would predict.

čini upravo ono što bi ekonomisti predvideli.

Prices tend to go down, product quality tends to go up,

Cene teže padu, kvalitet proizvoda teži porastu,

and the vendors are attentive,

a prodavci su pažljivi,

they're polite, they're consumer-centric,

ljubazni, usredsređeni na potrošača,

offering you all manner of special deals, one-offs,

nude svakojake posebne uslove, jednokratne ponude,

buy-one-get-one-frees, free delivery,

kupi-jedno-dobiješ-dva akcije, besplatnu dostavu

to keep you happy.

da biste ostali zadovoljni.

I spoke to Drugsheaven.

Pričao sam sa „Narkorajem”.

Drugsheaven was offering excellent and consistent marijuana

„Narkoraj” je nudio odličnu i konzistentnu marihuanu

at a reasonable price.

po pristojnoj ceni.

He had a very generous refund policy,

Imao je veoma velikodušnu politiku povraćaja,

detailed T's and C's,

detaljne odredbe i uslove,

and good shipping times.

dobro vreme isporuke.

"Dear Drugsheaven," I wrote,

„Dragi Narkoraju”, napisao sam

via the internal emailing system that's also encrypted, of course.

preko internog sistema slanja mejlova koji je, naravno, šifrovan.

"I'm new here. Do you mind if I buy just one gram of marijuana?"

„Nov sam ovde. Da li bi vam smetalo ako bih kupio samo jedan gram marihuane?”

A couple of hours later, I get a reply.

Nekoliko sati kasnije, dobio sam odgovor.

They always reply.

Uvek odgovaraju.

"Hi there, thanks for your email.

„Ćao, hvala na mejlu.

Starting small is a wise thing to do. I would, too, if I were you."

Počinjati sa malim je pametna stvar. I ja bih, da sam na vašem mestu.”

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

"So no problem if you'd like to start with just one gram.

„Nema problema ako hoćete da krenete samo sa jednim gramom.

I do hope we can do business together.

Nadam se da ćemo poslovati zajedno.

Best wishes, Drugsheaven."

Sve najbolje, Narkoraj.”

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

I don't know why he had a posh English accent, but I assume he did.

Ne znam zašto je imao snobovski engleski akcenat,

ali pretpostavljam da jeste.

Now, this kind of consumer-centric attitude

Ovaj stav koji stavlja kupca pre svega

is the reason why, when I reviewed 120,000 pieces of feedback

je razlog zbog kojeg sam, kada sam pregledao

120 000 povratnih komentara

that had been left on one of these sites over a three-month period,

ostavljanih na jednom od ovih sajtova tokom tri meseca,

95 percent of them were five out of five.

95 procenata njih ocenjeno je sa pet od mogućih pet glasova.

The customer, you see, is king.

Kupac je, vidite, kralj.

But what does that mean?

Međutim, šta to znači?

Well, on the one hand,

Pa, s jedne strane,

that means there are more drugs, more available, more easily,

to znači da ima više droge koja je dostupnija, lakše,

to more people.

većem broju ljudi.

And by my reckoning, that is not a good thing.

Moja je ocena da to nije dobra stvar.

But, on the other hand, if you are going to take drugs,

Međutim, sa druge strane, ako ćete uzimati drogu,

you have a reasonably good way

imate prilično dobar način

of guaranteeing a certain level of purity and quality,

za zagarantovan određeni nivo čistoće i kvaliteta,

which is incredibly important if you're taking drugs.

što je izuzetno važno ako se drogirate,

And you can do so from the comfort of your own home,

a možete to učiniti iz udobnosti svog doma,

without the risks associated with buying on the streets.

bez rizika koji je vezan za kupovinu na ulici.

Now, as I said,

Kao što sam rekao,

you've got to be creative and innovative to survive in this marketplace.

morate da budete kreativni i inovativni da biste preživeli na ovom tržištu.

And the 20 or so sites that are currently in operation --

Dvadesetak sajtova koji trenutno rade -

by the way, they don't always work, they're not always perfect;

uzgred, ne rade uvek, nisu uvek savršeni.

the site that I showed you was shut down 18 months ago,

Sajt koji sam vam pokazao bio je ugašen pre 18 meseci,

but not before it had turned over a billion dollars' worth of trade.

ali ne pre nego što je obrnuo preko milijardu dolara u trgovini.

But these markets,

Međutim, ova tržišta,

because of the difficult conditions in which they are operating,

zbog teških uslova u kojima rade,

the inhospitable conditions,

neprijateljskih uslova,

are always innovating, always thinking of ways of getting smarter,

stalno inoviraju,

stalno razmišljaju kako da postanu pametniji,

more decentralized, harder to censor,

decentralizovaniji, da ih je teže cenzurisati

and more customer-friendly.

i da su uslužniji prema kupcima.

Let's take the payment system.

Uzmimo primer sistema plaćanja.

You don't pay with your credit card,

Ne plaćate kreditnom karticom,

naravno - to bi navelo direktno ka vama.

of course -- that would lead directly back to you.

So you use the crypto-currency bitcoin,

Zato koristite kriptovalutu, bitkoin,

which is easily exchanged for real-world currencies

koja se lako razmenjuje za prave valute

and gives quite a high degree of anonymity to its users.

i pruža visok stepen anonimnosti korisnicima.

But at the beginning of these sites, people noticed a flaw.

Međutim, kada su ovi sajtovi stvoreni,

ljudi su primetili jednu manu.

Some of the unscrupulous dealers were running away with peoples' bitcoin

Neki od beskrupuloznih prodavaca bežali su sa bitkoinima ljudi

before they'd mailed the drugs out.

pre nego što bi poslali drogu.

The community came up with a solution, called multi-signature escrow payments.

Zajednica je pronašla rešenje, nazvano uslovna isplata sa više potpisa.

So on purchasing my item,

Tako, posle kupovine predmeta,

I would send my bitcoin

poslao bih bitkoin

to a neutral, secure third digital wallet.

u neutralni, sigurni, treći digitalni novčanik.

The vendor, who would see that I'd sent it,

Prodavac, koji bi video da sam ga poslao,

would be confident that they could then send the product to me,

bio bi siguran da će oni zatim moći da mi pošalju proizvod,

and then when I received it,

a onda, kada bih ga primio,

at least two of the three people engaged in the transaction --

bar dvoje od troje ljudi uključenih u transakciji -

vendor, buyer, site administrator --

prodavac, kupac, administrator sajta -

would have to sign the transaction off

morali bi da zaključe transakciju

with a unique digital signature,

jedinstvenim digitalnim potpisom,

and then the money would be transferred.

a zatim bi se novac prebacio.

Brilliant!

Genijalno!

Elegant.

Elegantno.

It works.

Funkcioniše.

But then they realized there was a problem with bitcoin,

Međutim, onda su shvatili da postoji problem sa bitkoinom,

because every bitcoin transaction

jer je prebačaj svakog bitkoina

is actually recorded publicly in a public ledger.

zapravo bio registrovan u javnom izveštaju.

So if you're clever, you can try and work out who's behind them.

Ako ste vispreni, možete da pokušate i shvatite ko stoji iza njih.

So they came up with a tumbling service.

Tako su osmislili uslugu „mešalice” bitkoina.

Hundreds of people send their bitcoin into one address,

Stotine ljudi šalje svoje bitkoine na jednu adresu,

they're tumbled and jumbled up,

oni se mešaju i ispreturaju,

and then the right amount is sent on to the right recipients,

a zatim se tačna suma šalje pravom primaocu,

but they're different bitcoins:

ali su to sada drugačiji bitkoini:

micro-laundering systems.

sistemi za mikro-pranja.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

It's incredible.

Neverovatno je.

Interested in what drugs are trending right now on the dark net markets?

Zainteresovani ste koja su opojna sredstva sada u trendu

na tržištima mračnog neta?

Check Grams, the search engine.

Proverite Grams, pretraživač.

You can even buy some advertising space.

Možete i da otkupite prostor za oglašavanje.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Are you an ethical consumer worried about what the drugs industry is doing?

Da li ste etični potrošač koji je zabrinut oko toga

šta narko-industrija radi?

Yeah.

Da.

One vendor will offer you fair trade organic cocaine.

Jedan prodavac će vam ponuditi organski kokain iz fer prodaje.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

That's not being sourced from Colombian druglords,

Ona ne potiče od kolumbijskih narkobosova,

but Guatemalan farmers.

već farmera iz Gvatemale.

They even promised to reinvest 20 percent of any profits

Čak su i obećali da će ponovo uložiti 20 procenata zarade

into local education programs.

u lokalne obrazovne programe.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

There's even a mystery shopper.

Postoji čak i misteriozni kupac.

Now, whatever you think about the morality of these sites --

Šta god da mislite o moralu ovih sajtova -

and I submit that it's not actually an easy question --

a tvrdim da to nije lako pitanje -

the creation of functioning, competitive, anonymous markets,

stvaranje funkcionalnog, kompetitivnog, anonimnog tržišta,

where nobody knows who anybody else is,

gde niko ne zna ko je onaj drugi,

constantly at risk of being shut down by the authorities,

konstantno pod rizikom da bude ugašen od strane vlasti,

is a staggering achievement,

zapanjujuće je dostignuće,

a phenomenal achievement.

fenomenalan uspeh.

And it's that kind of innovation

To je vrsta inovacije

that's why those on the fringes

zbog koje su oni koji su na marginama

are often the harbingers of what is to come.

često vesnici onoga što će doći.

It's easy to forget

Lako se zaboravlja

that because of its short life,

da se, zbog kratkog postojanja,

the Internet has actually changed many times

internet zapravo promenio mnogo puta

over the last 30 years or so.

tokom proteklih tridesetak godina.

It started in the '70s as a military project,

Nastao je sedamdesetih kao vojni projekat,

morphed in the 1980s to an academic network,

polako se pretvorio u akademsku mrežu osamdesetih,

co-opted by commercial companies in the '90s,

preuzele su ga komercijalne kompanije devedesetih godina

and then invaded by all of us via social media in the noughties,

i zatim smo svi mi izvršili invaziju

kroz društvene medije dvehiljaditih,

but I think it's going to change again.

ali mislim da će se to ponovo promeniti.

And I think things like the dark net markets --

Mislim da stvari kao što su tržišta mračnog interneta -

creative, secure, difficult to censor --

kreativna, bezbedna, teška za cenzurisanje -

I think that's the future.

mislim da su ona budućnost,

And the reason it's the future

a razlog zbog kog su budućnost je

is because we're all worried about our privacy.

jer smo svi zabrinuti za našu privatnost.

Surveys consistently show concerns about privacy.

Istraživanja konzistentno pokazuju zabrinutost zbog privatnosti.

The more time we spend online, the more we worry about them,

Što više vremena provodimo onlajn, više brinemo o ovome,

and those surveys show our worries are growing.

a ova istraživanja pokazuju da naša zabrinutost raste.

We're worried about what happens to our data.

Zabrinuti smo šta se dešava sa našim podacima.

We're worried about who might be watching us.

Brine nas ko bi nas mogao posmatrati.

Since the revelations from Edward Snowden,

Od otkrovenja Edvarda Snoudena,

there's been a huge increase in the number of people

postoji veliki porast u broju ljudi

using various privacy-enhancing tools.

koji koriste različite načine zaštite privatnosti.

There are now between two and three million daily users

Danas postoji između dva i tri miliona svakodnevnih korisnika

of the Tor browser,

pretraživača Tor,

the majority of which use is perfectly legitimate,

čije je korišćenje većinom savršeno legitimno,

sometimes even mundane.

ponekad čak i u sasvim obične svrhe.

And there are hundreds of activists around the world

Postoji i nekoliko stotina aktivista širom sveta

working on techniques and tools to keep you private online --

koji rade na tehnikama i načinima da zadržite svoju onlajn privatnost -

default encrypted messaging services.

automatske usluge šifrovanih poruka.

Ethereum, which is a project which tries to link up

Etirijum, projekat koji pokušava da poveže

the connected but unused hard drives of millions of computers around the world,

povezane, ali neiskorišćene hard drajvere

miliona kompjutera širom sveta

to create a sort of distributed Internet that no one really controls.

da bi stvorio vrstu raspodeljenog interneta

koji niko zaista ne kontroliše.

Now, we've had distributed computing before, of course.

Naravno da smo i ranije imali raspodeljeno korišćenje računara.

We use it for everything from Skype to the search for extraterrestrial life.

Koristimo ga za sve, od Skajpa do potrage za vanzemaljskim životom,

But you add distributed computing and powerful encryption --

ali ako raspodeljenom računarstvu dodate moćnu enkripciju -

that's very, very hard to censor and control.

to je veoma, veoma teško cenzurisati i kontrolisati.

Another called MaidSafe works on similar principles.

Drugi pod nazivom Mejdsejf radi po sličnim principima.

Another called Twister, and so on and so on.

Još jedan, nazvan Tvister, i tako dalje.

And here's the thing --

Evo o čemu se radi -

the more of us join,

što nas je više pridruženih,

the more interesting those sites become,

sajt postaje interesantniji,

and then the more of us join, and so on.

a onda se pridružuje sve više i više ljudi,

And I think that's what's going to happen.

a mislim da će se to desiti.

Zapravo, već se dešava.

In fact, it's already happening.

The dark net is no longer a den for dealers

Mračni internet nije više samo jazbina za dilere

and a hideout for whistle-blowers.

i sklonište za uzbunjivače.

It's already going mainstream.

Već ulazi u redovnu upotrebu.

Just recently, the musician Aphex Twin released his album as a dark net site.

Skoro je muzičar Ejfeks Tvin objavio album

kao sajt na mračnom internetu.

Facebook has started a dark net site.

Fejsbuk je započet kao sajt na mračnom internetu.

A group of London architects have opened a dark net site

Grupa londonskih arhitekata otvorila je sajt na mračnom netu

for people worried about regeneration projects.

za ljude koji su zabrinuti za projekat obnove.

Yes, the dark net is going mainstream,

Da, mračni internet ulazi u mejnstrim

and I predict that fairly soon, every social media company,

i predviđam da će uskoro svaka kompanija društvenih medija,

every major news outlet,

svaki glavni izvor novosti

and therefore most of you in this audience,

i, prema tome, većina vas u ovoj publici

will be using the dark net, too.

koristiti mračni internet, takođe.

So the Internet is about to get more interesting,

Internet će uskoro postati interesantniji,

more exciting, more innovative,

uzbudljiviji, inovativniji,

more terrible,

strašniji,

more destructive.

destruktivniji.

To su dobre vesti

That's good news if you care about liberty.

ako vam je stalo do slobode,

It's good news if you care about freedom.

do nesputanosti,

It's good news if you care about democracy.

do demokratije.

It's also good news

Takođe su dobre vesti

if you want to browse for illegal pornography

ako želite da tražite ilegalnu pornografiju

and if you want to buy and sell drugs

i ako hoćete da kupite ili prodate drogu

with impunity.

nekažnjeno.

Neither entirely dark, nor entirely light.

Ni potpuno mračan, ni potpuno svetao.

It's not one side or the other that's going to win out, but both.

Ne postoji jedna ili druga strana koja će pobediti, već obe.

Thank you very much, indeed.

Hvala vam, zaista.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)