Robert Full: The secrets of nature's grossest creatures, channeled into robots

Prevodilac: Aleksandar Kovačević Lektor: Mile Živković

Even nature's most disgusting creatures

Čak i najodvratnija stvorenja

have important secrets,

kriju bitne tajne,

but who would want a swarm of cockroaches

ali ko bi želeo da naleti

coming towards them?

na roj bubašvaba?

Yet one of the greatest differences between natural and human technologies

Jedna od najbitnijih razlika između prirodnih i ljudskih tehnologija

relates to robustness.

se odnosi na izdržljivost.

Robust systems are stable in complex

Izdržljivi sistemi ostaju stabilni

and new environments.

u novim i složenim okolnostima.

Neverovatno je što se bubašvabe stabilizuju

Remarkably, cockroaches can self-stabilize

running over rough terrain.

dok prelaze neravan teren.

When we put a jet pack on them,

Kad na njih stavimo mlazni ranac

or give them a perturbation like an earthquake,

ili ih protresemo poput zemljotresa,

we discovered that their wonderfully tuned legs

otkrivamo da zbog fino podešenih nogu

allow them to self-stabilize

mogu da stabilizuju telo

without using any of their brainpower.

bez korišćenja mozga.

They can go over complex terrain like grass,

Mogu bez nestabilnosti da prelaze

no problem, and not get destabilized.

preko neravnih terena, kao što je trava.

We discovered a new behavior where,

Otkrili smo

because of their shape,

da se zbog oblika tela

they actually roll automatically to their side

automatski okreću na stranu

to go through this artificial test bit of grass.

kako bi prošle kroz ovu veštačku travu.

Robust systems can perform multiple tasks

Izdržljivi sistemi su u stanju da obavljaju

with the same structure.

mnoge zadatke bez promene u građi.

Here's a new behavior we've discovered.

Evo još nečeg što smo otkrili.

The animals rapidly invert and disappear

Umeju da se brzo izvrnu i nestanu,

in less than 150 milliseconds — you never see them —

za manje od 150 milisekundi - ne mogu se ni videti -

using the same structures that they use to run, their legs.

uz pomoć nogu, koje koriste za trčanje.

They can run upside down

U stanju su i da veoma brzo trče

very rapidly on rods, branches and wires,

dok su izvrnute na štapovima, granama ili žicama,

and if you perturb one of those branches,

a ako protresete neku od tih grana,

they can do this.

umeju i ovo.

They can perform gymnastic maneuvers

Umeju da izvode gimnastičke manevre

like no robot we have yet.

koje nijedan robot trenutno nije u stanju da izvede.

And they have nearly unlimited

Imaju gotovo bezgraničnu manevarsku sposobnost

maneuverability with that same structure

bez promena u građi

and unprecedented access to a variety

i samim tim imaju pristup

of different areas.

najrazličitijim sredinama.

They have wings for flying when they get warm,

Poseduju krila kojima lete kad se ugreju,

but they use those same wings to flip over

ali i njima mogu da se i okrenu

if they get destabilized.

ako padnu na leđa.

Very effective.

Veoma efektivno.

Robust systems are also fault tolerant and fail-safe.

Izdržljivi sistemi uz sve ovo tolerišu i nedostatke.

This is the foot of a cockroach.

Ovo je stopalo bubašvabe.

It has spines, gluey pads and claws,

Na njemu se nalaze bodlje, lepljivi jastučići i kandže,

but if you take off those feet,

ali ako im odsečete stopala,

they can still go over rough terrain,

mogu gotovo istom brzinom

like the bottom video that you see,

da prelaze neravan teren,

without hardly slowing down. Extraordinary.

kao što se može videti na donjem snimku. Neverovatno.

They can run up mesh without their feet.

Mogu da trče uz mrežu bez stopala.

Here's an animal using a normal, alternating tripod:

Ova vrsta naizmenično koristi tri upravne noge:

three legs, three legs, three legs,

tri, po tri, po tri,

but in nature, the insects often have lost their legs.

ali u prirodi se često dešava da insekt izgubi noge.

Here's one moving with two middle legs gone.

Evo jedne koja se kreće bez dve srednje noge.

It can even lose three legs, in a tripod,

Ukoliko izgubi grupu od tri noge,

and adopt a new gait, a hopping gait.

počinje da se kreće na drugačiji način, da skakuće.

And I point out that all of these videos

Moram da naglasim da su svi ovi snimci

are slowed down 20 times,

usporeni 20 puta,

so they're actually really fast, when you see this.

tako da su u stvarnosti veoma brze.

Robust systems are also damage resistant.

Izdržljivi sistemi su i otporni na štetu.

Here's an animal climbing up a wall.

Ova bubašvaba se penje uza zid.

It looks like a rapid, smooth, vertical climb,

Izgleda kao brz i gladak uspon,

but when you slow it down,

ali kada se snimak uspori,

you see something very different.

vidi se da je znatno drugačije.

Here's what they do.

Zapravo ovo rade.

They intentionally have a head-on collision with the wall

Namerno se sudare sa zidom,

so they don't slow down and can transition up it

kako bi bez usporavanja mogle da se popnu

in 75 milliseconds.

za 75 milisekundi.

And they can do this in part because they have

Ovo je delom moguće zbog

extraordinary exoskeletons.

njihovog izuzetnog egzoskeleta.

And they're really just made up of compliant joints

Sačinjen je od ploča i cevi

that are tubes and plates

koje su međusobno povezane

connected to one another.

gipkim zglobovima.

Here's a dissection of an abdomen of a cockroach.

Ovo je secirani abdomen bubašvabe.

You see these plates, and you see the compliant membrane.

Ovo su ploče, a ovo vezivna membrana.

My engineering colleague at Berkeley

Moj kolega, inženjer sa Berklija

designed with his students

je sa svojim studentima

a novel manufacturing technique

osmislio novu tehniku proizvodnje,

where you essentially origami the exoskeleton,

kod koje se egzoskelet sklapa kao origami.

you laser cut it, laminate it,

Iseče se laserom, plastificira

and you fold it up into a robot.

i sklopi u robota.

And you can do that now in less than 15 minutes.

To se sad može završiti za 15 minuta.

These robots, called DASH,

Ovi roboti, zvani DASH,

for Dynamic Autonomous Sprawled Hexapod,

što je skraćenica za dinamičke autonomne šestonoge gmizavce,

are highly compliant robots,

su izuzetno savitljivi,

and they're remarkably robust as a result

i zbog toga

of these features.

su veoma izdržljivi.

They're certainly incredibly damage resistant.

Sigurno je da su izuzetno otporni na oštećenja.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

They even have some of the behaviors of the cockroaches.

Čak se i ponašaju poput bubašvaba.

So they can use their smart, compliant body

Dobro konstruisano i savitljivo telo

to transition up a wall

im omogućava da se bez poteškoća

in a very simple way.

penju uz zidove.

They even have some of the beginnings

of the rapid inversion behavior

Čak su počeli da uče

where they disappear.

da se brzo izvrću i nestaju.

Now we want to know why they can go anywhere.

Zanimalo nas je kako bubašvabe uspevaju svuda da se provuku.

We discovered that they can go through

three-millimeter gaps,

Otkrili smo da su u stanju

the height of two pennies, two stacked pennies,

da prođu kroz prostor od tri milimetra,

debljine dva novčića i za to vreme

and when they do this,

they can actually run through those confined spaces

zapravo veoma brzo

at high speeds,

trče kroz taj skučen prostor,

although you never see it.

iako se to ne vidi.

To understand it better,

we did a CT scan of the exoskeleton

Da bismo ovo bolje razumeli,

and showed that they can compress their body

CT skenerom smo snimili egzoskelet

i videli smo da su u stanju da sabiju telo i više od 40 posto.

by over 40 percent.

We put them in a materials testing machine

to look at the stress strain analysis

Ispitali smo ih u mašini

za testiranje materijala

and showed that they can withstand forces

i saznali da mogu da izdrže

800 times their body weight,

800 puta veći pritisak od svoje težine

and after this they can fly and run

i da nakon toga trče i lete

absolutely normally.

bez ikakvih problema.

So you never know where

Znači da se nikad ne zna

curiosity-based research will lead,

gde istraživanje iz radoznalosti može da odvede,

and someday you may want a swarm

tako da možda nekad poželite

of cockroach-inspired robots

da naletite na roj robota

to come at you.

nalik bubašvabama.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)