Robert Full: The secrets of nature's grossest creatures, channeled into robots

Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Senzos Osijek

Even nature's most disgusting creatures

Čak i najodvratnija stvorenja u prirodi

have important secrets,

imaju bitne tajne,

but who would want a swarm of cockroaches

ali tko bi želio roj žohara

coming towards them?

da hrli ka njemu?

Yet one of the greatest differences between natural and human technologies

Jedna od najvećih razlika između prirodnih i ljudskih tehnologija

relates to robustness.

se odnosi na robusnost.

Robust systems are stable in complex

Robusni sustavi su stabilni u složenim

and new environments.

i novim okolinama.

Remarkably, cockroaches can self-stabilize

Upečatljivo, žohari se mogu samostablizirati

running over rough terrain.

trčeći preko grubog terena.

When we put a jet pack on them,

Kada na njih stavimo jet pack

or give them a perturbation like an earthquake,

ili im smetamo poput potresa,

we discovered that their wonderfully tuned legs

otkrili smo da im njihove prekrasno podešene noge

allow them to self-stabilize

omogućuju da se samostabiliziraju

without using any of their brainpower.

bez da koriste išta svoje snage mozga.

They can go over complex terrain like grass,

Mogu šetati preko složenih terena kao što je trava,

no problem, and not get destabilized.

bez problema, i ne budu destabilizirani.

We discovered a new behavior where,

Otkrili smo novo ponašanje gdje,

because of their shape,

zbog svog oblika,

they actually roll automatically to their side

oni se automatski prevrnu na bok

to go through this artificial test bit of grass.

kako bi prošli kroz ovu umjetnu testnu travu.

Robust systems can perform multiple tasks

Robusni sustavi mogu obavljati više zadataka

with the same structure.

s istom strukturom.

Here's a new behavior we've discovered.

Ovdje je novo ponašanje koje smo otkrili.

The animals rapidly invert and disappear

Životinje se brzo obrnu i nestanu

in less than 150 milliseconds — you never see them —

u manje od 150 milisekundi - nikad ih ne vidite -

using the same structures that they use to run, their legs.

koristeći iste strukture koje koriste za trčanje, svoje noge.

They can run upside down

Mogu trčati naglavce

very rapidly on rods, branches and wires,

vrlo brzo na štapovima, granama i žicama,

and if you perturb one of those branches,

i ako izmjenimo jednu od tih grana,

they can do this.

oni mogu učiniti ovo.

They can perform gymnastic maneuvers

Mogu raditi gimnastičke manevre

like no robot we have yet.

koje ne može nijedan robot kojeg imamo.

And they have nearly unlimited

I imaju gotovo neograničenu

maneuverability with that same structure

pokretljivost sa istom tom strukturom

and unprecedented access to a variety

i nepremašan pristup mnogim

of different areas.

različitim područjima.

They have wings for flying when they get warm,

Imaju krila kako bi letjeli kada se zagriju,

but they use those same wings to flip over

ali koriste ta krila i kako bi se okrenuli

if they get destabilized.

ako se destabiliziraju.

Very effective.

Vrlo učinkovito.

Robust systems are also fault tolerant and fail-safe.

Robusni sustavi toleriraju greške i sigurni su od prekida rada.

This is the foot of a cockroach.

Ovo je stopalo žohara.

It has spines, gluey pads and claws,

Ima bodlje, ljepljive pločice i kandže,

but if you take off those feet,

ali ako uklonite jednu nogu,

they can still go over rough terrain,

oni se i dalje mogu kretati preko teškog terena,

like the bottom video that you see,

kao u snimci koji vidite,

without hardly slowing down. Extraordinary.

bez da se imalo uspore. Nevjerojatno.

They can run up mesh without their feet.

Mogu trčati uz mrežu bez nogu.

Here's an animal using a normal, alternating tripod:

Ovdje je životinja koja koristi normalni, izmjenjujući tronožac:

three legs, three legs, three legs,

tri noge, tri noge, tri noge,

but in nature, the insects often have lost their legs.

ali u prirodi, insekti često izgube noge.

Here's one moving with two middle legs gone.

Ovdje je jedan koji se kreće bez dvije središnje noge.

It can even lose three legs, in a tripod,

Može čak izgubiti i tri noge, u tronošca,

and adopt a new gait, a hopping gait.

i prihvatiti novi hod, poskakivajući hod.

And I point out that all of these videos

I napominjem da su sve ove snimke

are slowed down 20 times,

usporeni 20 puta,

so they're actually really fast, when you see this.

tako da su zapravo jako brzi, kada to vidite.

Robust systems are also damage resistant.

Robusni sustavi su otporni i na štetu.

Here's an animal climbing up a wall.

Ovdje je životinja koja se penje uza zid.

It looks like a rapid, smooth, vertical climb,

Izgleda kao brz, gladak, vertikalni uspon,

but when you slow it down,

ali kada to usporite,

you see something very different.

vidite nešto potpuno drugačije.

Here's what they do.

Evo što čine.

They intentionally have a head-on collision with the wall

Namjerno se zabijaju glavom u zid

so they don't slow down and can transition up it

tako da ne uspore i mogu se nastaviti kretati uz njega

in 75 milliseconds.

u 75 milisekundi.

And they can do this in part because they have

I to djelomično mogu činiti jer imaju

extraordinary exoskeletons.

nevjerojatne vanjske egzoskelete.

And they're really just made up of compliant joints

I zapravo su napravljeni od prilagodljivih zglobova

that are tubes and plates

koji su cijevi i pločice

connected to one another.

povezane jedne s drugima.

Here's a dissection of an abdomen of a cockroach.

Ovo je disekcija abdomena žohara.

You see these plates, and you see the compliant membrane.

Ovdje vidite pločice i prilagodljivu membranu.

My engineering colleague at Berkeley

Moj kolega inžinjer s Berkeleya

designed with his students

dizajnirao je sa svojim studentima

a novel manufacturing technique

novu tehnologiju proizvodnje

where you essentially origami the exoskeleton,

gdje u osnovi slažete egzoskelet poput origamija,

you laser cut it, laminate it,

režete ga laserom, oblažete ga,

and you fold it up into a robot.

i onda ga slažete u robota.

And you can do that now in less than 15 minutes.

I možete to sada činiti u manje od 15 minuta.

These robots, called DASH,

Ovi roboti, nazvani DASH

for Dynamic Autonomous Sprawled Hexapod,

kratica za Dinamički Autonomni Opruženi (Sprawled) Heksapod,

are highly compliant robots,

su vrlo prilagodljivi roboti,

and they're remarkably robust as a result

i oni su vrlo robusni kao rezultat

of these features.

svih ovih karakteristika.

They're certainly incredibly damage resistant.

Zasigurno su vrlo otporni na oštećivanje.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

They even have some of the behaviors of the cockroaches.

Čak imaju i neka ponašanja žohara.

So they can use their smart, compliant body

Tako da mogu koristiti svoja pametna, prilagodljiva tijela

to transition up a wall

da bi se penjali uza zid

in a very simple way.

na vrlo jednostavan način.

They even have some of the beginnings

Čak imaju i neke početke

of the rapid inversion behavior

ponašanja brzog okreta

where they disappear.

gdje nestaju.

Now we want to know why they can go anywhere.

Sada želimo znati zašto mogu ići bilo gdje.

We discovered that they can go through

Otkrili smo da mogu proći kroz

three-millimeter gaps,

procjepe od tri milimetra,

the height of two pennies, two stacked pennies,

visine dva novčića, dva novčića jedan na drugom,

and when they do this,

i kada to čine,

they can actually run through those confined spaces

mogu zapravo trčati kroz te skučene prostore

at high speeds,

velikim brzinama,

although you never see it.

iako ih nikad ne vide.

To understand it better,

Kako bismo bolje razumjeli,

we did a CT scan of the exoskeleton

napravili smo CT sken egzoskeleta

and showed that they can compress their body

i pokazali da mogu komprimirati svoje tijelo

by over 40 percent.

za 40 posto.

We put them in a materials testing machine

Stavili smo ih u uređaj za testiranje materijala

to look at the stress strain analysis

da vidimo analizu naprezanja

and showed that they can withstand forces

i pokazalo je da mogu izdržati sile

800 times their body weight,

800 puta veće od svoje težine,

and after this they can fly and run

i nakon toga mogu letjeti i trčati

absolutely normally.

potpuno normalno.

So you never know where

Tako da nikad ne znate gdje

curiosity-based research will lead,

će nas istraživanje bazirano na znatiželji odvesti,

and someday you may want a swarm

i jednog dana ćete možda htjeti roj

of cockroach-inspired robots

žoharima inspiriranih robota

to come at you.

da vam priđu.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)