The sound the universe makes | Janna Levin

196,962 views ・ 2011-03-15

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Radica Stojanović Lektor: Jelena Kostica
00:15
I want to ask you all to consider for a second
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Pozivam vas da na trenutak razmotrite
00:18
the very simple fact
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veoma jednostavnu činjenicu
00:20
that, by far,
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da, do sada,
00:22
most of what we know about the universe
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većina onoga što znamo o univerzumu
00:24
comes to us from light.
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dolazi do nas putem svetlosti.
00:26
We can stand on the Earth and look up at the night sky
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Možemo stajati na Zemlji i gledati u zvezdano nebo
00:29
and see stars with our bare eyes.
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i videti zvezde sopstvenim očima.
00:32
The Sun burns our peripheral vision.
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Sunce sija našim perifernim vidom,
00:34
We see light reflected off the Moon.
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vidimo refleksiju svetlosti sa Meseca,
00:37
And in the time since Galileo pointed that rudimentary telescope
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i od kad je Galileo uperio najosnovniji teleskop
00:41
at the celestial bodies,
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u nebeska tela,
00:44
the known universe has come to us through light,
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poznati univerzum nam se prikazao putem svetlosti,
00:47
across vast eras in cosmic history.
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kroz ogromne epohe kosmičke istorije.
00:50
And with all of our modern telescopes,
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I sa svim našim modernim teleskopima,
00:53
we've been able to collect
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bili smo u stanju da napravimo
00:55
this stunning silent movie of the universe --
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ovaj zapanjujući tihi snimak univerzuma --
00:58
these series of snapshots
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ovu seriju slika
01:01
that go all the way back to the Big Bang.
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koje sežu skroz unazad do Velikog Praska.
01:04
And yet, the universe is not a silent movie
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Pa ipak, univerzum nije film bez zvuka,
01:07
because the universe isn't silent.
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jer univerzum nije tih.
01:09
I'd like to convince you
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Volela bih da vas uverim
01:11
that the universe has a soundtrack
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da univerzum ima svoju muziku,
01:13
and that soundtrack is played on space itself,
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i ta muzika se sama stvara u svemiru.
01:17
because space can wobble like a drum.
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Jer je svemir nalik ritmu bubnja.
01:20
It can ring out a kind of recording
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Može izneti snimak nekih najdramatičnijih događaja ,
01:23
throughout the universe
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kroz univerzum,
01:25
of some of the most dramatic events as they unfold.
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upravo onako kako su se odigrali.
01:28
Now we'd like to be able to add
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Voleli bismo kada bismo mogli da dodamo
01:31
to a kind of glorious visual composition
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vizuelnim kompozicijama univerzuma
01:34
that we have of the universe --
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koje imamo
01:36
a sonic composition.
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i zvučnu komponentu.
01:38
And while we've never heard the sounds from space,
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I, iako nikada nismo čuli zvuke iz svemira,
01:42
we really should, in the next few years,
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verovatno bi trebalo, u narednih par godina,
01:45
start to turn up the volume on what's going on out there.
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da počnemo da pojačavamo zvuk onoga što se tamo dešava.
01:47
So in this ambition
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I u ovom nastojanju
01:49
to capture songs from the universe,
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da uhvatimo muziku iz univrrzuma,
01:52
we turn our focus
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usmerili smo pažnju
01:54
to black holes and the promise they have,
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na obećavajuće crne rupe,
01:56
because black holes can bang on space-time
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jer crne rupe mogu bubnjati po prostor-vremenu
01:59
like mallets on a drum
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kao maljevi po dobošu
02:01
and have a very characteristic song,
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i imati veoma karakterističnu pesmu,
02:03
which I'd like to play for you -- some of our predictions
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koju bih volela da vam odsviram u nekoj od naših predikcija
02:06
for what that song will be like.
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kako očekujemo da ta pesma može zvučati.
02:08
Now black holes are dark against a dark sky.
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Sada, crne rupe su tama na tamnom nebu.
02:11
We can't see them directly.
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Ne možemo ih videti direktno.
02:13
They're not brought to us with light, at least not directly.
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Nisu nam pristupačne putem svetlosti, barem ne direktne.
02:16
We can see them indirectly,
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Možemo ih videti indirektno,
02:18
because black holes wreak havoc on their environment.
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jer one izazivaju pustoš u svojoj okolini.
02:21
They destroy stars around them.
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One uništavaju zvezde oko sebe.
02:23
They churn up debris in their surroundings.
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One sakupljaju otpad iz svog okruženja.
02:26
But they won't come to us directly through light.
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Ali one nam se ne prikazuju direktno putem svetlosti.
02:28
We might one day see a shadow
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Možda ćemo jednog dana videti senku
02:30
a black hole can cast on a very bright background,
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crne rupe na veoma svetloj pozadini,
02:33
but we haven't yet.
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ali još uvek nismo uspeli u tome.
02:35
And yet black holes may be heard
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Ali ipak crne rupe se mogu čuti
02:37
even if they're not seen,
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iako se ne mogu videti,
02:39
and that's because they bang on space-time like a drum.
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jer one bubnjaju o prostor-vreme kao doboš.
02:43
Now we owe the idea that space can ring like a drum
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Ideju da svemir može zvučati kao bubanj dugujemo
02:46
to Albert Einstein -- to whom we owe so much.
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Albertu Ajnštajnu, kome dugujemo toliko puno.
02:49
Einstein realized that if space were empty,
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Ajnštajn je shvatio da ukoliko bi svemir bio prazan,
02:51
if the universe were empty,
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ukoliko bi univerzum bio prazan,
02:53
it would be like this picture,
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bio bi poput ove slike,
02:56
except for maybe without the helpful grid drawn on it.
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samo možda bez ovih pomoćnih linija na njoj.
02:59
But if we were freely falling through the space,
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Ali ukoliko bismo slobodno padali kroz svemir,
03:02
even without this helpful grid,
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čak bez ovih pomoćnih linija,
03:04
we might be able to paint it ourselves,
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bili bismo u mogućnosti da ih nacrtamo,
03:06
because we would notice that we traveled along straight lines,
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jer bismo primetili da smo putovali pravim linijama,
03:09
undeflected straight paths
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direktnim pravim stazama
03:11
through the universe.
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kroz univerzum.
03:13
Einstein also realized --
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Ajnštajn je takođe uvideo --
03:15
and this is the real meat of the matter --
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i to je suština ovoga --
03:17
that if you put energy or mass in the universe,
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ako stavite energiju i masu u univerzum,
03:20
it would curve space,
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to će zakriviti prostor.
03:22
and a freely falling object
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I slobodno padajući objekti
03:24
would pass by, let's say, the Sun
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bi prošli, recimo, kraj sunca
03:26
and it would be deflected
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i bili bi privučeni
03:28
along the natural curves in the space.
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prirodnom zakrivljenošću prostora.
03:30
It was Einstein's great general theory of relativity.
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To je Ajnštajnova genijalna opšta teorija relativiteta.
03:34
Now even light will be bent by those paths.
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Čak i svetlo može biti savijeno tim stazama.
03:37
And you can be bent so much
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I moguće je doći do takvog savijanja,
03:39
that you're caught in orbit around the Sun,
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da se ostane zarobljen u orbiti Sunca,
03:41
as the Earth is, or the Moon around the Earth.
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kao što je to slučaj sa Zemljom, ili Mesecom oko Zemlje.
03:43
These are the natural curves in space.
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To su prirodne krive u prostoru.
03:46
What Einstein did not realize
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Ono što Ajnšatjn nije shvatio
03:48
was that, if you took our Sun
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je to da, ako se uzme naše Sunce
03:50
and you crushed it down to six kilometers --
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i sabije na šest kilometara u prečniku --
03:53
so you took a million times the mass of the Earth
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i tako dobije milion puta veća masa od Zemljine
03:56
and you crushed it to six kilometers across,
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sabije se na šest kilometara u dužini,
03:59
you would make a black hole,
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dobili bi crnu rupu,
04:01
an object so dense
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objekat toliko gust
04:03
that if light veered too close, it would never escape --
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da ukoliko bi svetlost bila dovoljno blizu, nikada ne bi uspela da pobegne --
04:06
a dark shadow against the universe.
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tamna senka protiv univerzuma.
04:09
It wasn't Einstein who realized this,
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Ajnštajn to nije otkrio,
04:11
it was Karl Schwarzschild
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to je otkrio Karl Švarcšild
04:13
who was a German Jew in World War I --
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nemački jevrej u I Svetskom ratu --
04:15
joined the German army already an accomplished scientist,
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koji se priključio nemačkoj vojsci kao već ostvareni naučnik,
04:18
working on the Russian front.
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radeći na ruskom frontu.
04:21
I like to imagine Schwarzschild in the war in the trenches
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Volim da zamišljam Švarcčilda u ratu u rovovima
04:24
calculating ballistic trajectories for cannon fire,
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kako vrši balističke proračune trajektila za topove,
04:28
and then, in between,
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i u međuvremenu,
04:30
calculating Einstein's equations --
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preračunava Ajnštajnove jednačine --
04:32
as you do in the trenches.
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kao što se to radi u rovovima.
04:34
And he was reading Einstein's recently published
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Čitao je nedavno pre toga objavljenu Ajnštajnovu
04:36
general theory of relativity,
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opštu teoriju relativiteta,
04:38
and he was thrilled by this theory.
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i bio je oduševljen tom teorijom.
04:40
And he quickly surmised
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Ubrzo je pretpostavio
04:42
an exact mathematical solution
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tačno matematičko rešenje
04:44
that described something very extraordinary:
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koje je objašnjavalo nešto veoma neobično:
04:46
curves so strong
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krive toliko jake
04:48
that space would rain down into them,
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da bi prostor upao u njih,
04:51
space itself would curve like a waterfall
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prostor bi se survao u sebe kao vodopad
04:53
flowing down the throat of a hole.
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slivajući se u središte rupe.
04:55
And even light could not escape this current.
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Čak ni svetlost ne bi mogla pobeći ovoj struji.
04:58
Light would be dragged down the hole
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Svetlost bi bila uvučena u rupu
05:00
as everything else would be,
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kao i sve ostalo,
05:02
and all that would be left would be a shadow.
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i sve što bi ostalo je senka.
05:04
Now he wrote to Einstein,
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Tada je pisao Ajnštajnu,
05:06
and he said, "As you will see,
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i rekao, "Kao što ćeš videti,
05:08
the war has been kind to me enough.
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rat mi je bio prilično naklonjen,
05:11
Despite the heavy gunfire,
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uprkos teškoj pucnjavi.
05:14
I've been able to get away from it all
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Uspeo sam da pobegnem od svega toga
05:16
and walk through the land of your ideas."
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i da hodam zemljom tvojih ideja."
05:19
And Einstein was very impressed with his exact solution,
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Ajnštajn je bio veoma impresioniran ovim rešenjem,
05:22
and I should hope also the dedication of the scientist.
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a nadam se takođe i posvećenošću ovog naučnika.
05:25
This is the hardworking scientist under harsh conditions.
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To je bio veoma predan naučnik u tim teškim uslovima.
05:28
And he took Schwarzschild's idea
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I izneo je Švarcčildove ideje
05:30
to the Prussian Academy of Sciences the next week.
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pred Pruskom Akademijom Nauka naredne nedelje.
05:33
But Einstein always thought black holes were a mathematical oddity.
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Ali Ajnštajn je smatrao da se crne rupe samo matematička čudnovatost.
05:36
He did not believe they existed in nature.
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Nije verovao da one zaista postoje u prirodi.
05:39
He thought nature would protect us from their formation.
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Mislio je da će nas priroda zaštiti od takvih struktura.
05:42
It was decades
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Prošle su dekade
05:44
before the term "black hole" was coined
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dok je nastao termin crnih rupa
05:46
and people realized
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i dok su ljudi shvatili
05:48
that black holes are real astrophysical objects --
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da su crne rupe realno postojeći astrofizički objekti --
05:50
in fact they're the death state
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zapravo one su mrtvo stanje
05:52
of very massive stars
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izuzetno masivnih zvezda
05:54
that collapse catastrophically
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koje dožive katastrofalni kolaps
05:56
at the end of their lifetime.
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na kraju svog životnog veka.
05:58
Now our Sun will not collapse to a black hole.
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Naše Sunce se neće pretvoriti u crnu rupu.
06:00
It's actually not massive enough.
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Jer nije dovoljno masivno.
06:02
But if we did a little thought experiment --
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Ali ako bismo napravili jedan misaoni eksperiment --
06:04
as Einstein was very fond of doing --
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kao što je to Ajnštajn voleo da radi --
06:06
we could imagine
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mogli bismo da zamislimo
06:08
putting the Sun crushed down to six kilometers,
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da se Sunce sažme na šest kilometara,
06:11
and putting a tiny little Earth around it in orbit,
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i da se malena Zemlja nađe u njegovoj orbiti na, recimo
06:14
maybe 30 kilometers
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30 kilometara
06:16
outside of the black-hole sun.
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udaljenosti od crne rupe sunca.
06:19
And it would be self-illuminated,
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Ona bi bila samosvetleća,
06:21
because now the Sun's gone, we have no other source of light --
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jer Sunca više ne bi bilo, nemamo drugog izvora svetlosti --
06:23
so let's make our little Earth self-illuminated.
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pa napravimo našu Zemlju samosvetlećom.
06:26
And you would realize you could put the Earth in a happy orbit
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I shvatili ste da bismo mogli staviti Zemlju na srećnu orbitu
06:28
even 30 km
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čak 30 kilometara
06:30
outside of this crushed black hole.
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udaljenu od urušene crne rupe.
06:33
This crushed black hole
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Ova urušena crna rupa
06:35
actually would fit inside Manhattan, more or less.
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bi stala na Menhetn, više ili manje.
06:37
It might spill off into the Hudson a little bit
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Možda bi malo prešla preko Hadsona
06:39
before it destroyed the Earth.
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pre nego što bi uništila Zemlju.
06:41
But basically that's what we're talking about.
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Ali u suštini to je ono o čemu govorimo.
06:43
We're talking about an object that you could crush down
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Govorimo o objektu koji biste mogli smestiti
06:45
to half the square area of Manhattan.
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na pola centralne zone Menhetna.
06:47
So we move this Earth very close --
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Tako bi primakli Zemlju veoma blizu --
06:49
30 kilometers outside --
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na 30 km udaljenosti --
06:51
and we notice it's perfectly fine orbiting around the black hole.
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i primećujemo da bi ona savršeno orbitirala oko crne rupe.
06:54
There's a sort of myth
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Postoji izvestan mit
06:56
that black holes devour everything in the universe,
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da crne rupe uništavaju sve u univerzumu,
06:58
but you actually have to get very close to fall in.
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ali u suštinu potrebno je prići jako blizu da biste upali u nju.
07:01
But what's very impressive is that, from our vantage point,
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Ono što je jako impresivno je to, sa naše tačke gledišta,
07:04
we can always see the Earth.
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uvek možemo videti Zemlju.
07:06
It cannot hide behind the black hole.
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Ne može se sakriti iza crne rupe.
07:08
The light from the Earth, some of it falls in,
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Svetlo sa Zemlje, deo njega upada u nju,
07:10
but some of it gets lensed around and brought back to us.
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ali jedan deo biva vraćen do nas.
07:13
So you can't hide anything behind a black hole.
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Tako ne možete ništa sakriti iza crne rupe.
07:15
If this were Battlestar Galactica
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Da je ovo Rat zvezda Galaktika
07:17
and you're fighting the Cylons,
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i da se borite protiv Sajlonaca,
07:19
don't hide behind the black hole.
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nikako ne biste hteli da se sakrijete iza crne rupe.
07:21
They can see you.
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Videli bi vas.
07:24
Now, our Sun will not collapse to a black hole --
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Naše Sunce se neće urušiti u crnu rupu;
07:26
it's not massive enough --
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nije dovoljno masivno,
07:28
but there are tens of thousands of black holes in our galaxy.
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ali postoje na desetine hiljada crnih rupa u našoj galaksiji.
07:32
And if one were to eclipse the Milky Way,
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A ukoliko bi došlo do pomračenja u Mlečnom putu,
07:35
this is what it would look like.
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evo kako bi to izgledalo.
07:37
We would see a shadow of that black hole
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Videli bismo senku crne rupe
07:40
against the hundred billion stars
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među hiljadama milijardi zvezda
07:42
in the Milky Way Galaxy and its luminous dust lanes.
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na Mlečnom putu galaksije i njihove svetleće puteve.
07:45
And if we were to fall towards this black hole,
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I kada bismo upali u tu crnu rupu,
07:48
we would see all of that light lensed around it,
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videli bismo svo to svetlo sakupljeno u njoj,
07:51
and we could even start to cross into that shadow
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mogli bismo čak da prođemo kroz senku
07:54
and really not notice that anything dramatic had happened.
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i da ne primetimo da se išta dramatično desilo.
07:57
It would be bad if we tried to fire our rockets and get out of there
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Bilo bi strašno kada bismo ispalili rakete i probali da pobegnemo odatle
08:00
because we couldn't,
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jer ne bismo uspeli,
08:02
anymore than light can escape.
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isto kao što ni svetlo ne može pobeći.
08:04
But even though the black hole is dark from the outside,
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Ali iako je crna rupa mračna spolja posmatrano,
08:07
it's not dark on the inside,
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ona nije mračna u središtu.
08:09
because all of the light from the galaxy can fall in behind us.
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jer svetlost iz galaksije pada unutar nje.
08:12
And even though, due to a relativistic effect known as time dilation,
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Pa ipak, zbog relativističkog efekta poznatog kao vremensko usporavanje,
08:16
our clocks would seem to slow down
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delovaće kao da su naši satovi usporili
08:19
relative to galactic time,
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u odnosu na galaktičko vreme,
08:22
it would look as though the evolution of the galaxy
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izgledalo bi kao da je evolucija galaksije
08:25
had been sped up and shot at us,
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ubrzala i pogodila nas,
08:27
right before we were crushed to death by the black hole.
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baš pre nego što bismo bili uvučeni u smrt od strane crne rupe.
08:30
It would be like a near-death experience
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To bi izgledalo kao iskustvo bliske smrti
08:32
where you see the light at the end of the tunnel,
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kada se vidi svetlo na kraju tunela,
08:34
but it's a total death experience.
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samo što bi ovo bilo kompletno iskustvo smrti.
08:36
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:38
And there's no way of telling anybody
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I ne bi bilo šanse da nekome kažete
08:40
about the light at the end of the tunnel.
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o svetlu na kraju tunela.
08:42
Now we've never seen a shadow like this of a black hole,
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E sada, nikada nismo videli ovakvu senku crne rupe,
08:45
but black holes can be heard,
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ali crne rupe se mogu čuti,
08:47
even if they're not seen.
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čak i ako se ne vide.
08:49
Imagine now taking an astrophysically realistic situation --
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Zamislite sada jednu astrofizičku, realno moguću, situaciju --
08:53
imagine two black holes that have lived a long life together.
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zamislite dve crne rupe koje su proživele dugačak zajednički život.
08:56
Maybe they started as stars
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Možda su započele kao zvezde
08:58
and collapsed to two black holes --
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i urušile se u crne rupe --
09:00
each one 10 times the mass of the Sun.
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svaka od njih 10 puta masivnija od Sunca.
09:03
So now we're going to crush them down to 60 kilometers across.
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Sada ćemo ih urušiti na 60 km prečnika.
09:06
They can be spinning
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Mogu rotirati
09:08
hundreds of times a second.
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hiljadama puta u sekundi.
09:10
At the end of their lives,
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Na kraju njihovih života,
09:12
they're going around each other very near the speed of light.
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kreću se jedna oko druge brzinom približno bliskom brzini svetlosti.
09:15
So they're crossing thousands of kilometers
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Tako prelaze hiljade kilometara
09:17
in a fraction of a second,
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u deličima sekunde.
09:19
and as they do so, they not only curve space,
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I na takav način, one ne samo da zakrivljuju prostor,
09:21
but they leave behind in their wake
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one takođe ostavljaju za sobom
09:23
a ringing of space,
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prstenasti prostor,
09:25
an actual wave on space-time.
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pravi talas u prostor-vremenu.
09:27
Space squeezes and stretches
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Prostor se širi i rasteže
09:29
as it emanates out from these black holes
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dok proističe iz tih crnih rupa
09:31
banging on the universe.
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bubnjajući univerzumom.
09:33
And they travel out into the cosmos
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I one putuju kroz kosmos
09:35
at the speed of light.
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brzinom svetlosti.
09:37
This computer simulation
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Ova kompjuterska simulacija
09:39
is due to a relativity group at NASA Goddard.
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je nastala zahvaljujući grupi NASA Goddard.
09:42
It took almost 30 years for anyone in the world to crack this problem.
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Bilo je potrebno skoro 30 godina da bi iko na svetu rešio ovaj problem.
09:45
This was one of the groups.
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Ovo je bila jedna od grupa.
09:47
It shows two black holes in orbit around each other,
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Pokazuje dve crne rupe u orbiti jedne oko druge,
09:49
again, with these helpfully painted curves.
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ponovo, sa ovim nacrtanim pomoćnim krivama.
09:51
And if you can see -- it's kind of faint --
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I ako možete videti -- malo je mutno --
09:54
but if you can see the red waves emanating out,
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ali ako možete videti crvene talase kako proističu,
09:57
those are the gravitational waves.
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to su gravitacioni talasi.
09:59
They're literally the sounds of space ringing,
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To su bukvalno zvučni talasi prostora,
10:02
and they will travel out from these black holes at the speed of light
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i oni će putovati od ovih crnih rupa brzinom svetlosti
10:04
as they ring down and coalesce
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dok se lagano stišavaju i sjedinjuju
10:07
to one spinning, quiet black hole
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u jednu rotirajuću, tihu crnu rupu
10:09
at the end of the day.
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na kraju dana.
10:11
If you were standing near enough,
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Ukoliko bi stajali dovoljno blizu,
10:13
your ear would resonate
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vaše uvo bi rezoniralo
10:15
with the squeezing and stretching of space.
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sa širenjem i skupljanjem prostora.
10:17
You would literally hear the sound.
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Bukvalno biste čuli zvuk.
10:19
Now of course, your head would be squeezed and stretched unhelpfully,
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E sad, naravno, vaša glava bi se takođe širila i skupljala,
10:23
so you might have trouble understanding what's going on.
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pa biste možda imali problema da razumete šta se dešava.
10:26
But I'd like to play for you
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Ali voleo bih da vam pustim da odslušate
10:28
the sound that we predict.
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zvuk koji smo predvideli.
10:30
This is from my group --
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Ovo je od moje grupe --
10:32
a slightly less glamorous computer modeling.
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nešto manje glamurozno kompjutersko modelovanje.
10:35
Imagine a lighter black hole
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Zamislite svetliju crnu rupu
10:37
falling into a very heavy black hole.
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koja pada u veoma tešku crnu rupu.
10:39
The sound you're hearing
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Zvuk koji ćete čuti
10:41
is the light black hole banging on space
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je zvuk svetlije crne rupe koja bubnja kroz prostor
10:44
each time it gets close.
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dok se približava.
10:46
If it gets far away, it's a little too quiet.
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Da je udaljenija, zvuk bi bio slabiji.
10:49
But it comes in like a mallet,
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Ali ona nailazi poput malja,
10:51
and it literally cracks space,
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i bukvalno razbija prostor,
10:53
wobbling it like a drum.
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udarajući kao bubanj.
10:55
And we can predict what the sound will be.
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I možemo predvideti kakav bi zvuk bio.
10:58
We know that, as it falls in,
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Znamo i to da, kako propada,
11:00
it gets faster and it gets louder.
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ona se ubrzava i biva glasnija.
11:02
And eventually,
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I najzad,
11:04
we're going to hear the little guy just fall into the bigger guy.
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čućemo kako mala rupa upada u veliku.
11:07
(Thumping)
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(Udari)
11:24
Then it's gone.
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I onda je gotovo.
11:26
Now I've never heard it that loud -- it's actually more dramatic.
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Nikada nisam slušao ovako glasno -- zapravo je mnogo dramatičnije.
11:28
At home it sounds kind of anticlimactic.
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Kod kuće zvuči gotovo antiklimakteričko.
11:30
It's sort of like ding, ding, ding.
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Zvuči kao ding, ding, ding.
11:32
This is another sound from my group.
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Ovo je jedan drugi zvuk moje grupe.
11:36
No, I'm not showing you any images,
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Ne, neću vam pokazati nikakve slike,
11:38
because black holes don't leave behind
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jer crne rupe ne ostavljaju za sobom
11:40
helpful trails of ink,
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nikakve pomoćne tragove,
11:42
and space is not painted,
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i prostor nije obojan,
11:44
showing you the curves.
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kako bi pokazao zakrivljenost.
11:46
But if you were to float by in space on a space holiday
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Ali ako biste plovili svemirom na nekom svemirskom odmoru
11:48
and you heard this,
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i čujete ovaj zvuk,
11:50
you want to get moving.
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želeli biste da pobegnete.
11:52
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
11:54
Want to get away from the sound.
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Želeli biste da pobegnete od zvuka.
11:56
Both black holes are moving.
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Obe crne rupe se kreću.
11:58
Both black holes are getting closer together.
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Obe crne rupe se približavaju jedna drugoj.
12:01
In this case, they're both wobbling quite a lot.
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U ovom slučaju, obe bubnjaju prilično mnogo.
12:04
And then they're going to merge.
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I na putu su da se spoje.
12:06
(Thumping)
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(Bubnjanje)
12:14
Now it's gone.
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Gotovo je.
12:16
Now that chirp is very characteristic of black holes merging --
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Ovaj piskutav zvuk je veoma karakterističan za spajanje crnih rupa --
12:19
that it chirps up at the end.
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tako zvuči na kraju.
12:22
Now that's our prediction
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E sada, ovo je naše predviđanje
12:24
for what we'll see.
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za ono što ćemo videti.
12:26
Luckily we're at this safe distance in Long Beach, California.
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Na sreću, mi smo na sigurnoj udaljenosti ovde na Lng Biču, u Kaliforniji.
12:28
And surely, somewhere in the universe
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I sigurno, negde u univerzumu
12:30
two black holes have merged.
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dve crne rupe su se spojile.
12:32
And surely, the space around us
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I sigurno, prostor oko nas
12:34
is ringing
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odzvanja
12:36
after traveling maybe a million light years, or a million years,
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posle putovanja možda milionima svetlosnih godina, ili milionima godina,
12:39
at the speed of light to get to us.
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brzinom svetlosti da bi stigla do nas.
12:42
But the sound is too quiet for any of us to ever hear.
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Ali zvuk je previše tih da bi ga bilo ko od nas čuo.
12:45
There are very industrious experiments being built on Earth --
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Postoje veoma napredni eksperimenti koji se rade ovde na Zemlji --
12:48
one called LIGO --
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jedan nazvan LIGO --
12:50
which will detect deviations
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koji će detektovati neka odstupanja
12:52
in the squeezing and stretching of space
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u širenjima i skupljanjima prostora
12:55
at less than the fraction of a nucleus of an atom
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manjim od delića jezgra atoma
12:58
over four kilometers.
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pa preko četiri kilometra.
13:00
It's a remarkably ambitious experiment,
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To je prilično ambiciozan eksperiment,
13:02
and it's going to be at advanced sensitivity
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i odvijaće se na unapređenoj osetljivosti
13:04
within the next few years -- to pick this up.
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u narednih nekoliko godina -- kako bi uhvatili to.
13:07
There's also a mission proposed for space,
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Postoji takođe i predložena misija za svemir,
13:09
which hopefully will launch in the next ten years,
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koja bi trebalo da se odvije u narednih deset godina,
13:11
called LISA.
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zvana LISA.
13:13
And LISA will be able to see super-massive black holes --
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I LISA će biti u stanju da vidi super masivne crne rupe --
13:16
black holes millions or billions of times
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crne rupe milionima ili milijardama puta
13:19
the mass of the Sun.
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masivnijim od Sunca.
13:21
In this Hubble image, we see two galaxies.
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Na ovoj Hablovoj slici, vidimo dve galaksije.
13:24
They look like they're frozen in some embrace.
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Izgledaju kao da su zamrznute u nekakvom zagrljaju.
13:27
And each one probably harbors
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I svaka od njih verovatno skriva
13:29
a super-massive black hole at its core.
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super masivnu crnu rupu u svom središtu.
13:32
But they're not frozen;
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Ali one nisu zamrznute,
13:34
they're actually merging.
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one se zapravo spajaju.
13:36
These two black holes are colliding,
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Ove dve crne rupe se ujedinjuju,
13:38
and they will merge over a billion-year time scale.
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i one će se spojiti u periodu od milijardu godina.
13:41
It's beyond our human perception
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To je van domašaja ljudske percepcije
13:43
to pick up a song of that duration.
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da se uhvati muzika tog događaja.
13:46
But LISA could see the final stages
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Ali LISA bi mogla videti poslednje faze
13:48
of two super-massive black holes
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dve super masivne crne rupe
13:50
earlier in the universe's history,
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ranije tokom istorije univerzuma,
13:52
the last 15 minutes before they fall together.
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poslednjih 15 minuta pre nego što su se spojile.
13:55
And it's not just black holes,
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I to ne samo crne rupe,
13:57
but it's also any big disturbance in the universe --
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već bilo koju veću nepravilnost u univerzumu --
14:00
and the biggest of them all is the Big Bang.
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a najveća od njih je svakako Veliki Prasak.
14:02
When that expression was coined, it was derisive --
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Kada je taj izraz skovan, bio je prilično podrugljiv --
14:05
like, "Oh, who would believe in a Big Bang?"
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kao, "Oh, ko bi još poverovao u Veliki Prasak?"
14:07
But now it actually might be more technically accurate
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Ali sada je to već tehnički moguće proveriti,
14:09
because it might bang.
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jer bi moglo eksplodirati;
14:11
It might make a sound.
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moglo bi proizvesti zvuk.
14:13
This animation from my friends at Proton Studios
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Ova animacija je napravljena od strane mojiih prijatelja u Proton Studiju
14:16
shows looking at the Big Bang from the outside.
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i pokazuje Veliki Prasak spolja gledano.
14:18
We don't ever want to do that actually. We want to be inside the universe
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Ne bismo nikada želeli da to zaista uradimo; želimo biti unutar univerzuma,
14:21
because there's no such thing as standing outside the universe.
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jer ne postoji mogućnost postojati van univerzuma.
14:24
So imagine you're inside the Big Bang.
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Zamislite sada da ste unutar Velikog Praska.
14:26
It's everywhere, it's all around you,
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Svuda je, oko vas,
14:28
and the space is wobbling chaotically.
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i prostor se pomera haotično.
14:30
Fourteen billion years pass
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14 milijardi godina je prošlo
14:32
and this song is still ringing all around us.
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i ta muzika i dalje odjekuje oko nas.
14:35
Galaxies form,
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Galaktične forme,
14:37
and generations of stars form in those galaxies,
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i generacije zvezda iz tih galaksija.
14:39
and around one star,
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I oko jedne zvezde,
14:41
at least one star,
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najmanje jedna zvezda,
14:43
is a habitable planet.
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je nastanjiva planeta.
14:45
And here we are frantically building these experiments,
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I evo nas kako mahnito pokušavamo da napravimo eksperimente,
14:48
doing these calculations, writing these computer codes.
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radeći ove proračune, pišući ove kompjuterske kodove.
14:50
Imagine a billion years ago,
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Zamislite pre milijardu godina,
14:53
two black holes collided.
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dve crne rupe su se spojile.
14:55
That song has been ringing through space
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Ta muzika je odzvanjala kroz prostor
14:57
for all that time.
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sve ovo vreme.
14:59
We weren't even here.
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Nismo čak ni bili ovde.
15:01
It gets closer and closer --
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Postaje sve bliža i bliža --
15:03
40,000 years ago, we're still doing cave paintings.
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40.000 godina ranije, još uvek crtamo crteže u pećinama.
15:05
It's like hurry, build your instruments.
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Kao da smo u žurbi, da napravimo instrumente.
15:07
It's getting closer and closer, and in 20 ...
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Sve je bliže i bliže, i 20...
15:10
whatever year it will be
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koja god godina da bude
15:12
when our detectors are finally at advanced sensitivity --
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kada naši detektori najzad dostignu željenu osetljivost --
15:14
we'll build them, we'll turn on the machines
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sagradićemo ih, uključićemo mašine
15:16
and, bang, we'll catch it -- the first song from space.
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i, beng, uhvatićemo ga -- prvu muziku iz svemira.
15:19
If it was the Big Bang we were going to pick up,
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Ukoliko to bude zvuk Velikog Praska,
15:21
it would sound like this.
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zvučaće otprilike ovako.
15:23
(Static) It's a terrible sound.
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(Zvuk) To je užasan zvuk.
15:26
It's literally the definition of noise.
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To je bukvalno definicija buke.
15:28
It's white noise; it's such a chaotic ringing.
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To je beli šum, haotično odzvanjanje.
15:30
But it's around us everywhere, presumably,
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Ali oko nas je svuda, verovatno,
15:33
if it hasn't been wiped out
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ukoliko nije izbrisano
15:35
by some other process in the universe.
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nekim drugim procesom u univerzumu.
15:37
And if we pick it up, it will be music to our ears
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Ukoliko ga uhvatimo, biće to muzika za naše uši,
15:40
because it will be the quiet echo
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jer biće to tihi eho
15:42
of that moment of our creation,
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trenutka našeg stvaranja,
15:44
of our observable universe.
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našeg vidljivog univerzuma.
15:46
So within the next few years,
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I u narednih nekoliko godina,
15:48
we'll be able to turn up the soundtrack a little bit,
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moći ćemo da pojačamo zvuk malo,
15:51
render the universe in audio.
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pretvarajući univerzm u zuk.
15:54
But if we detect those earliest moments,
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ALi ako detektujemo ranije trenutke,
15:57
it'll bring us that much closer
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to će nas dovesti mnogo bliže
15:59
to an understanding of the Big Bang,
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razumevajnu Velikog Praska,
16:01
which brings us that much closer
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što nas približava
16:04
to asking some of the hardest, most elusive, questions.
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postavljanju jednog od najtežih, najnedostižnijih pitanja.
16:07
If we run the movie of our universe backwards,
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Ako pustimo film univerzuma unazad,
16:10
we know that there was a Big Bang in our past,
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znamo da se desio Veliki Prasak u prošlosti,
16:13
and we might even hear the cacophonous sound of it,
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i možda bismo čuli njegov zvuk,
16:17
but was our Big Bang the only Big Bang?
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ali da li je naš Veliki Prasak jedini Veliki Prasak?
16:19
I mean we have to ask, has it happened before?
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Mislim, moramo se zapitati, da li se desio i ranije?
16:22
Will it happen again?
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Da li će se desiti ponovo?
16:24
I mean, in the spirit of rising to TED's challenge
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Mislim, u duhu uzdizanja TEDovih izazova
16:27
to reignite wonder,
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kako bismo rasplamsali čudo,
16:29
we can ask questions, at least for this last minute,
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možemo postaviti pitanje, makar u ovom poslednjem minutu,
16:32
that honestly might evade us forever.
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koje nas zbilja može izbegavati zauvek.
16:34
But we have to ask:
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Ali moramo ga postaviti:
16:36
Is it possible that our universe
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Da li je moguće da naš univerzum
16:38
is just a plume off of some greater history?
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samo oznaka neke veće istorije?
16:41
Or, is it possible that we're just a branch off of a multiverse --
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Ili, da li je moguće da smo mi samo ogranak nekog multiverzuma --
16:45
each branch with its own Big Bang in its past --
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i svaka grana ima svoj sopstveni Veliki Prasak u prošlosti --
16:49
maybe some of them with black holes playing drums,
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neke od njih sa crnim rupama koje bubnjaju,
16:51
maybe some without --
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neke možda bez njih --
16:53
maybe some with sentient life, and maybe some without --
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možda neke sa živim svetom, možda neke bez --
16:56
not in our past, not in our future,
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ne u našoj prošlosti, ne u našoj budućnosti,
16:58
but somehow fundamentally connected to us?
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ali nekako fundamentalno povezane sa nama?
17:01
So we have to wonder, if there is a multiverse,
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Moramo se pitati, da li postoji multiverzum,
17:03
in some other patch of that multiverse,
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u nekom drugom delu tog multiverzuma,
17:05
are there creatures?
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postoje li stvorenja?
17:07
Here's my multiverse creatures.
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Evo mojih multiverznih stvorenja.
17:09
Are there other creatures in the multiverse,
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Da li postoje svorenja u multiverzumu,
17:11
wondering about us
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koja razmišljaju o nama
17:13
and wondering about their own origins?
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i razmišljaju o sopstvenom poreklu?
17:16
And if they are,
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I ako postoje,
17:18
I can imagine them as we are,
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mogu ih zamisliti da su poput nas,
17:21
calculating, writing computer code,
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računaju, pišu komjuterske kodove.
17:23
building instruments,
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grade instrumenete,
17:25
trying to detect that faintest sound
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pokušavaju da detektuhz taj sudbonosan zvuk
17:28
of their origins
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svog porekla
17:30
and wondering who else is out there.
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i pitaju se ko li je još tamo.
17:32
Thank you. Thank you.
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Hvala vam. Hvala.
17:35
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
About this website

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