Karima Bennoune: The side of terrorism that doesn't make headlines

Prevodilac: Milenka Okuka Lektor: Mile Živković

Could I protect my father

Mogu li da zaštitim oca

from the Armed Islamic Group with a paring knife?

od Oružane islamske grupe, nožem za povrće?

That was the question I faced

S tim sam se pitanjem suočila

one Tuesday morning in June of 1993,

jednog jutra, u utorak juna 1993,

when I was a law student.

dok sam bila studentkinja prava.

I woke up early that morning

Probudila sam se rano tog jutra

in Dad's apartment

u očevom stanu

on the outskirts of Algiers, Algeria,

na periferiji Alžira, u gradu Alžiru,

to an unrelenting pounding on the front door.

zbog upornog lupanja na ulaznim vratima.

It was a season as described by a local paper

Bilo je to razdoblje, kako je opisano u lokalnim novinama,

when every Tuesday a scholar fell

u kome je svakog utorka po jedan učenjak stradao

to the bullets of fundamentalist assassins.

od metaka fundamentalističkih ubica.

My father's university teaching of Darwin

Predavanje mog oca o Darvinu

had already provoked a classroom visit

već je izazvalo da ga u učionici poseti

from the head of the so-called Islamic Salvation Front,

glavni čovek, takozvanog Islamskog fronta spasa,

who denounced Dad as an advocate of biologism

koji je prozvao mog oca zagovornikom biologizma,

before Dad had ejected the man,

pre nego što ga je otac izbacio

and now whoever was outside

i sad ko god da je bio napolju

would neither identify himself nor go away.

ne želi ni da se predstavi, ni da ode.

So my father tried to get the police on the phone,

Moj otac je pokušao da telefonom dobije policiju,

but perhaps terrified by the rising tide

ali valjda preplašeni nadolazećom strujom

of armed extremism that had already claimed

oružanih ekstremista, koji su već oduzeli

the lives of so many Algerian officers,

živote mnogim alžirskim policajcima,

they didn't even answer.

nisu se čak ni javili.

And that was when I went to the kitchen,

I tada sam otišla u kuhinju,

got out a paring knife,

izvukla nož za povrće

and took up a position inside the entryway.

i zauzela položaj u hodniku.

It was a ridiculous thing to do, really,

Bilo je smešno, zaista,

but I couldn't think of anything else,

ali nisam se ničeg drugog setila,

and so there I stood.

i tako sam stajala tamo.

When I look back now, I think that that was the moment

Kada sad pogledam unazad, mislim da je to bio momenat

that set me on the path was to writing a book

koji me poslao na staze pisanja knjige

called "Your Fatwa Does Not Apply Here:

pod nazivom: "Tvoja fatva ovde ne važi:

Untold Stories from the Fight Against Muslim Fundamentalism."

neispričane priče iz borbe protiv muslimanskog fundamentalizma."

The title comes from a Pakistani play.

Naslov je uzet iz pakistanske predstave.

I think it was actually that moment

Mislim da me je baš taj trenutak

that sent me on the journey

poslao na putovanje

to interview 300 people of Muslim heritage

na kom ću intervjuisati 300 ljudi muslimanskog porekla

from nearly 30 countries,

iz skoro 30 država,

from Afghanistan to Mali,

od Avganistana do Malija,

to find out how they fought fundamentalism

da bih otkrila kako su se borili s fundamentalizmom

peacefully like my father did,

mirno, poput mog oca

and how they coped with the attendant risks.

i kako su izlazili na kraj s pratećim rizikom.

Luckily, back in June of 1993,

Srećom, tog juna 1993,

our unidentified visitor went away,

naš neidentifikovani posetilac je otišao,

but other families were so much less lucky,

ali druge porodice nisu bile te sreće

and that was the thought that motivated my research.

i ta misao je motivisala moje istraživanje.

In any case, someone would return

Ipak, neko će se vratiti,

a few months later and leave a note

nekoliko meseci kasnije, s porukom

on Dad's kitchen table,

na očevom kuhinjskom stolu,

which simply said, "Consider yourself dead."

na kojoj je prosto pisalo: "Smatraj se mrtvim."

Subsequently, Algeria's fundamentalist armed groups

Kasnije će alžirske oružane grupe fundamentalista

would murder as many as 200,000 civilians

ubiti skoro 200 000 civila,

in what came to be known

u takozvanoj

as the dark decade of the 1990s,

mračnoj deceniji 1990-ih,

including every single one

uključujući i sve žene

of the women that you see here.

koje vidite ovde.

In its harsh counterterrorist response,

Okrutnim protivterorističkim odgovorom

the state resorted to torture

država je pribegla mučenju

and to forced disappearances,

i nasilnim nestancima,

and as terrible as all of these events became,

i koliko god da su užasni ovi događaji postajali,

the international community largely ignored them.

međunarodna zajednica ih je uglavnom ignorisala.

Finally, my father, an Algerian peasant's son turned professor,

Na kraju je moj otac, sin alžirskog seljaka koji je postao profesor,

was forced to stop teaching at the university

bio prisiljen da napusti univerzitet

and to flee his apartment,

i pobegne iz stana,

but what I will never forget

ali nikada neću zaboraviti,

about Mahfoud Bennoune, my dad,

kada je u pitanju Mahfud Benun, moj otac,

was that like so many other Algerian intellectuals,

kako je, poput mnogih drugih alžirskih intelektualaca,

he refused to leave the country

odbio da napusti državu

and he continued to publish pointed criticisms,

i nastavio je da objavljuje direktne kritike,

both of the fundamentalists

i protiv fundamentalista,

and sometimes of the government they battled.

i ponekad vlada protiv kojih su se borili.

For example, in a November 1994 series

Na primer, serijalom iz novembra 1994.

in the newspaper El Watan

u novinama El Vatan, naslovljenim:

entitled "How Fundamentalism

"Kako je fundamentalizam

Produced a Terrorism without Precedent,"

proizveo terorizam bez presedana",

he denounced what he called

osudio je takozvani

the terrorists' radical break with the true Islam

radikalni otklon terorista od istinskog Islama,

as it was lived by our ancestors.

kakav su živeli naši preci.

These were words that could get you killed.

Zbog ovih reči ste mogli da izgubite život.

My father's country taught me

Država mog oca me je naučila,

in that dark decade of the 1990s that

u mračnoj deceniji 1990-ih,

the popular struggle against Muslim fundamentalism

da je narodna borba protiv muslimanskog fundamentalizma

is one of the most important

jedna od najvažnijih

and overlooked human rights struggles

i najzanemarivanijih borbi za ljudska prava

in the world.

u svetu.

This remains true today, nearly 20 years later.

Tako je i danas, skoro 20 godina kasnije.

You see, in every country

Vidite, u svakoj zemlji

where you hear about armed jihadis

gde čujete za naoružane džihadiste

targeting civilians,

čija su meta civili,

there are also unarmed people

postoje takođe i nenaoružani ljudi

defying those militants that you don't hear about,

koji prkose tim militantnim grupama, o kojima ne slušate,

and those people need our support to succeed.

a tim ljudima je potrebna naša podrška kako bi uspeli.

In the West, it's often assumed

Na Zapadu se obično pretpostavlja

that Muslims generally condone terrorism.

da muslimani generalno podržavaju terorizam.

Some on the right think this because they view

Neki desničari misle da je to tako

Muslim culture as inherently violent,

jer vide muslimansku kulturu kao suštinski nasilnu,

and some on the left imagine this

dok neki levičari zamišljaju

because they view Muslim violence,

da je muslimansko nasilje,

fundamentalist violence,

fundamentalističko nasilje,

solely as a product of legitimate grievances.

u potpunosti proizvod iskonskih nedaća.

But both views are dead wrong.

No oba gledišta su skroz pogrešna.

In fact, many people of Muslim heritage

No mnogi ljudi muslimanskog porekla

around the world are staunch opponents

širom sveta su čvrsti protivnici

both of fundamentalism and of terrorism,

i fundamentalizma i terorizma,

and often for very good reason.

a često i s veoma dobrim razlogom.

You see, they're much more likely to be victims

Vidite, izglednije je da će da budu žrtve

of this violence than its perpetrators.

ovog nasilja, nego njegovi počinioci.

Let me just give you one example.

Dozvolite da vam dam jedan primer.

According to a 2009 survey

Prema istraživanju iz 2009.

of Arabic language media resources,

Medijskih izvora na arapskom jeziku,

between 2004 and 2008,

između 2004. i 2008,

no more than 15 percent of al Qaeda's victims

samo 15 posto Al Kaidinih žrtava

were Westerners.

su bili zapadnjaci.

That's a terrible toll, but the vast majority

To je užasan gubitak, ali ogromna većina žrtava

were people of Muslim heritage,

su ljudi muslimanskog porekla,

killed by Muslim fundamentalists.

ubijeni od strane muslimanskih fundamentalista.

Now I've been talking for the last five minutes

Govorim već pet minuta

about fundamentalism, and you have a right to know

o fundamentalizmu i imate pravo da znate

exactly what I mean.

na šta tačno mislim.

I cite the definition given by the Algerian sociologist

Citiraću definiciju koju je dala alžirska sociološkinja

Marieme Helie Lucas,

Merijeme Eli Lukas,

and she says that fundamentalisms,

ona je rekla da je fundamentalizam,

note the "s," so within all of the world's

obratite pažnju: "u svim velikim svetskim

great religious traditions,

verskim tradicijama,

"fundamentalisms are political movements of the extreme right

fundamentalizmi su politički pokreti ekstremne desnice,

which in a context of globalization

koji u kontekstu globalizacije,

manipulate religion in order to achieve

manipulišu religijom kako bi postigli

their political aims."

lične političke ciljeve."

Sadia Abbas has called this the radical politicization

Sadija Abas je ovo nazvao radikalnom politizacijom

of theology.

teologije.

Now I want to avoid projecting the notion

Ne želim da nagovestim

that there's sort of a monolith out there

kako postoji negde nekakav monolit

called Muslim fundamentalism that is the same everywhere,

koji se zove muslimanski fundamentalizam, koji je svuda isti

because these movements also have their diversities.

jer ovi pokreti takođe imaju svoje razlike.

Some use and advocate violence.

Neki koriste i zagovaraju nasilje.

Some do not, though they're often interrelated.

Neki ne, iako su često povezani s njima.

They take different forms.

Oni primaju različita obličja.

Some may be non-governmental organizations,

Neki mogu da budu nevladine organizacije,

even here in Britain like Cageprisoners.

poput britanskih Kejdžprizonersa.

Some may become political parties,

Neki mogu postati političke stranke,

like the Muslim Brotherhood,

poput Muslimanskog bratstva,

and some may be openly armed groups

a neki su otvoreno oružane grupe,

like the Taliban.

poput Talibana.

But in any case, these are all radical projects.

Ali u svakom slučaju, sve su to radikalni projekti.

They're not conservative or traditional approaches.

Njihov pristup nije ni konzervativan, ni tradicionalan.

They're most often about changing people's relationship with Islam

Oni se najčešće bave menjanjem odnosa ljudi prema Islamu,

rather than preserving it.

umesto njegovim očuvanjem.

What I am talking about is the Muslim extreme right,

Ono o čemu govorim je muslimanska ekstremna desnica,

and the fact that its adherents are

a činjenica da su njeni sledbenici,

or purport to be Muslim

ili bar tako tvrde, muslimani,

makes them no less offensive

ne čini ih manje uvredljivim

than the extreme right anywhere else.

od bilo koje druge ekstremne desnice.

So in my view, if we consider ourselves

Po mom mišljenju, ukoliko se smatramo

liberal or left-wing,

liberalima ili levičarima,

human rights-loving or feminist,

ljubiteljima mira ili feministima,

we must oppose these movements

moramo da budemo protiv ovih pokreta

and support their grassroots opponents.

i da podržimo njihove okorele protivnike.

Now let me be clear

Želim da budem jasna

that I support an effective struggle

da ja podržavam efikasnu borbu

against fundamentalism,

protiv fundamentalizma,

but also a struggle that must itself

ali takođe i borbu koja, sama po sebi,

respect international law,

mora da poštuje međunarodno pravo.

so nothing I am saying should be taken

Zato ništa što kažem ne sme da bude iskorišteno

as a justification for refusals

kao opravdanje za odbijanje

to democratize,

demokratizacije

and here I send out a shout-out of support

i zato ovde šaljem glasnu podršku

to the pro-democracy movement in Algeria today, Barakat.

savremenom prodemokratskom pokretu iz Alžira, Barakatu.

Nor should anything I say be taken

Niti bilo šta što kažem sme da se koristi

as a justification of violations of human rights,

kao opravdanje za kršenje ljudskih prava,

like the mass death sentences

poput masovnih smrtnih kazni

handed out in Egypt earlier this week.

koje su izvršene u Egiptu ranije ove sedmice.

But what I am saying

Ali ono o čemu govorim

is that we must challenge these Muslim fundamentalist movements

je da moramo da osporavamo ove muslimanske fundamentalističke pokrete

because they threaten human rights

jer su pretnja za ljudska prava

across Muslim-majority contexts,

širom većinsko muslimanskih sredina,

and they do this in a range of ways,

a oni to rade na razne načine,

most obviously with the direct attacks on civilians

najočigledniji od njih je direktni napad na civile,

by the armed groups that carry those out.

koji izvode oružane grupe.

But that violence is just the tip of the iceberg.

Ali to nasilje je samo vrh ledenog brega.

These movements as a whole purvey discrimination

Ovi pokreti u celosti zagovaraju diskriminaciju

against religious minorities and sexual minorities.

protiv verskih i seksualnih manjina.

They seek to curtail the freedom of religion

Teže da uskrate slobodu veroispovesti

of everyone who either practices in a different way

svima koji je, ili upražnjavaju drugačije

or chooses not to practice.

ili biraju da je uopšte ne upražnjavaju.

And most definingly, they lead an all-out war

I po pravilu, vode bezrezervni rat

on the rights of women.

protiv prava žena.

Now, faced with these movements

Suočen sa ovim pokretima,

in recent years, Western discourse

skorijih godina, zapadni diskurs

has most often offered

je najčešće nudio

two flawed responses.

dva pogrešna odgovora.

The first that one sometimes finds on the right

Prvi, koji često čujemo od desničara,

suggests that most Muslims are fundamentalist

pretpostavlja da su muslimani uglavnom fundamentalisti

or something about Islam is inherently fundamentalist,

ili da postoji nešto kod Islama što je suštinski fundamentalističko,

and this is just offensive and wrong,

ovo je prosto uvredljivo i pogrešno.

but unfortunately on the left one sometimes encounters

No, nažalost, kod levičara pronalazimo ponekad

a discourse that is too politically correct

isuviše politički korektan diskurs,

to acknowledge the problem of Muslim fundamentalism at all

koji uopšte ne priznaje problem muslimanskog fundamentalizma,

or, even worse, apologizes for it,

ili, što je još gore, izvinjava se zbog njega,

and this is unacceptable as well.

ovo je takođe neprihvatljivo.

So what I'm seeking is a new way

Ja tragam za novim načinom

of talking about this all together,

govora o svemu ovome,

which is grounded in the lived experiences

koji je zasnovan na proživljenom iskustvu

and the hope of the people on the front lines.

i nadi ljudi u prvim redovima.

I'm painfully aware that there has been

Bolno sam svesna da je

an increase in discrimination against Muslims in recent years

poslednjih godina došlo do porasta diskriminacije protiv muslimana

in countries like the U.K. and the U.S.,

u zemljama poput Ujedinjenog Kraljevstva i SAD-a

and that too is a matter of grave concern,

i to je takođe stvar za ozbiljnu zabrinutost,

but I firmly believe

ali ja čvrsto verujem

that telling these counter-stereotypical stories

da pričajući ove nestereotipne priče

of people of Muslim heritage

o muslimanima,

who have confronted the fundamentalists

koji su ustali protiv fundamentalista

and been their primary victims

i bili njihove glavne žrtve,

is also a great way of countering that discrimination.

da je takođe dobar način da se suprotstavi toj diskriminaciji.

So now let me introduce you

Dozvolite mi da vas sad upoznam

to four people whose stories

s četvoro ljudi čije priče

I had the great honor of telling.

pripovedam s velikom čašću.

Faizan Peerzada and the Rafi Peer Theatre

Fajzan Pirzada i pozorište Rafi Pir,

workshop named for his father

radionica nazvana po njegovom ocu,

have for years promoted the performing arts

godinama su promovisali scensku umetnost

in Pakistan.

u Pakistanu.

With the rise of jihadist violence,

S usponom nasilja džihadista,

they began to receive threats

počeli su da dobijaju pretnje da otkažu svoja dešavanja,

to call off their events, which they refused to heed.

na koje su se oglušili.

And so a bomber struck their 2008

I zato je 2008. bombaš napao njihov

eighth world performing arts festival in Lahore,

Osmi svetski festival scenskih umetnosti u Lahoru,

producing rain of glass

proizvodeći kišu stakla

that fell into the venue

koja je padala po događaju,

injuring nine people,

povredivši devetoro ljudi,

and later that same night,

a kasnije te iste noći

the Peerzadas made a very difficult decision:

Pirzade su morale da donesu veoma tešku odluku:

they announced that their festival

najavili su da će njihov festival

would continue as planned the next day.

biti nastavljen po planu, sledećeg dana.

As Faizan said at the time,

Kako su Fajzanovi tada rekli,

if we bow down to the Islamists,

ako se pokorimo Islamistima,

we'll just be sitting in a dark corner.

bićemo prosto saterani u mračni ugao.

But they didn't know what would happen.

Ali nisu znali šta će da se desi.

Would anyone come?

Da li će iko da dođe?

In fact, thousands of people came out the next day

Zapravo, hiljade ljudi je došlo sledećeg dana

to support the performing arts in Lahore,

da podrži scensku umetnost u Lahoru

and this simultaneously thrilled

i ovo je istovremeno i uzbuđivalo

and terrified Faizan,

i užasavalo Fajzanove,

and he ran up to a woman

pa je on odjurio do žene,

who had come in with her two small children,

koja je došla s dvoje male dece

and he said, "You do know there was a bomb here yesterday,

i rekao: "Znate da je juče ovde bila bomba,

and you do know there's a threat here today."

i znate da i danas postoji opasnost."

And she said, "I know that,

A ona je rekla: "Znam za to,

but I came to your festival

no ja sam išla na vaš festival s majkom,

with my mother when I was their age,

kad sam bila u njihovom uzrastu

and I still have those images in my mind.

i danas su mi te slike u glavi.

We have to be here."

Moramo da budemo ovde."

With stalwart audiences like this,

S ovako odlučnom publikom,

the Peerzadas were able to conclude

Pirzade su mogle da nastave

their festival on schedule.

sa svojim festivalskim programom.

And then the next year,

A sledeće godine,

they lost all of their sponsors

izgubili su sve sponzore

due to the security risk.

zbog sigurnosnog rizika.

So when I met them in 2010,

Kada sam ih srela 2010,

they were in the middle of the first subsequent event

bili su na sredini prvog narednog događaja

that they were able to have in the same venue,

koji su mogli da organizuju na istom mestu

and this was the ninth youth performing arts festival

i to je bio Deveti omladinski festival scenskih umetnosti

held in Lahore in a year when that city

koji se održavao u Lahoru, godine kada je taj grad

had already experienced 44 terror attacks.

već iskusio 44 teroristička napada.

This was a time when the Pakistani Taliban

Bilo je to vreme kada su pakistanski Talibani

had commenced their systematic targeting

započeli sistematsko ciljanje

of girls' schools that would culminate

škola za devojke, koje će kulminirati

in the attack on Malala Yousafzai.

napadom na Malalu Jusufzai.

What did the Peerzadas do in that environment?

Šta su Pirzade učinile u takvoj sredini?

They staged girls' school theater.

Postavili su na scenu predstavu s učenicama.

So I had the privilege of watching "Naang Wal,"

Imala sam čast da gledam "Nang Val",

which was a musical in the Punjabi language,

mjuzikl na pundžabi jeziku,

and the girls of Lahore Grammar School

a učenice iz lahorske gimnazije

played all the parts.

su bile u svim ulogama.

They sang and danced,

Plesale su i pevale,

they played the mice and the water buffalo,

glumile su miševe i rečnog bizona,

and I held my breath, wondering,

a ja sam zadržavala dah, pitajući se

would we get to the end

da li ćemo stići do kraja

of this amazing show?

ove neverovatne predstave?

And when we did, the whole audience

A kada smo stigli,

čitava publika je kolektivno izdahnula,

collectively exhaled,

and a few people actually wept,

a nekoliko ljudi je čak i zaplakalo,

and then they filled the auditorium

a onda su ispunili auditorijum

with the peaceful boom of their applause.

svojim miroljubivim gromkim aplauzom.

And I remember thinking in that moment

Sećam se da sam u tom trenutku mislila

that the bombers made headlines here

kako su bombaši bili glavna vest ovde,

two years before

pre dve godine,

but this night and these people

ali ovo veče i ovi ljudi

are as important a story.

su podjednako važna priča.

Maria Bashir is the first and only

Marija Bašir je prvi i jedini

woman chief prosecutor in Afghanistan.

ženski vrhovni tužilac u Avganistanu.

She's been in the post since 2008

U službi je od 2008.

and actually opened an office to investigate

i otvorila je kancelariju koja istražuje

cases of violence against women,

slučajeve nasilja nad ženama,

which she says is the most important area

ona tvrdi da je to najvažnija oblast

in her mandate.

u njenoj nadležnosti.

When I meet her in her office in Herat,

Kada sam se sastala s njom u njenoj kancelariji u Heratu,

she enters surrounded by

ušla je okružena

four large men with four huge guns.

četvoricom krupnih muškaraca s četiri ogromne puške.

In fact, she now has 23 bodyguards,

Zapravo, ona danas ima 23 telohranitelja jer je prebrodila

because she has weathered bomb attacks

bombaški napad

that nearly killed her kids,

u kom su joj umalo stradala deca

and it took the leg off of one of her guards.

i u kome je jedan njen telohranitelj izgubio nogu.

Why does she continue?

Zašto je nastavila da radi?

She says with a smile that that is the question

Kaže, uz osmeh, da je to pitanje

that everyone asks—

koje svako postavlja -

as she puts it, "Why you risk not living?"

kako to ona kaže: "Zašto rizikuješ da ne postojiš?"

And it is simply that for her,

I to je prosto to za nju,

a better future for all the Maria Bashirs to come

bolje sutra za sve Marije Bašir koje će doći,

is worth the risk,

to je vredno rizika.

and she knows that if people like her

I ona zna da, ako ljudi poput nje

do not take the risk,

ne naprave taj rizik,

there will be no better future.

neće biti boljeg sutra.

Later on in our interview,

Kasnije, u toku intervjua,

Prosecutor Bashir tells me how worried she is

tužiteljka Bašir mi je rekla kako je brine

about the possible outcome

mogući ishod

of government negotiations with the Taliban,

pregovora između vlade i Talibana,

the people who have been trying to kill her.

ljudi koji pokušavaju da je ubiju.

"If we give them a place in the government,"

"Ukoliko im damo mesto u vladi",

she asks, "Who will protect women's rights?"

pita se, "Ko će da štiti prava žena?"

And she urges the international community

I ona vrši pritisak na međunarodnu zajednicu

not to forget its promise about women

da ne zaboravi svoje obećanje po pitanju žena,

because now they want peace with Taliban.

jer sada žele mir s Talibanima.

A few weeks after I leave Afghanistan,

Nekoliko nedelja nakon odlaska iz Avganistana,

I see a headline on the Internet.

videla sam naslov na internetu.

An Afghan prosecutor has been assassinated.

Avganistanski tužilac je ubijen.

I google desperately,

Guglala sam u očaju

and thankfully that day I find out

i srećom saznala sam tog dana

that Maria was not the victim,

da Marija nije bila žrtva,

though sadly, another Afghan prosecutor

iako je nažalost drugi avganistanski tužilac

was gunned down on his way to work.

ubijen na putu do posla.

And when I hear headlines like that now,

I kada čujem takve vesti,

I think that as international troops

mislim da, kada međunarodne trupe

leave Afghanistan this year and beyond,

napuste Avganistan, ove godine i kasnije,

we must continue to care

moramo da nastavimo da brinemo

about what happens to people there,

šta će biti sa ljudima tamo,

to all of the Maria Bashirs.

sa svim Marijama Bašir.

Sometimes I still hear her voice in my head

Ponekad joj još uvek čujem glas u mojoj glavi

saying, with no bravado whatsoever,

kako govori, bez trunke razmetljivosti:

"The situation of the women of Afghanistan

"Položaj žena u Avganistanu

will be better someday.

biće bolji jednog dana.

We should prepare the ground for this,

Mi moramo da pripremimo tlo za to,

even if we are killed."

čak i ako nas ubiju."

There are no words adequate

Ne postoje prave reči

to denounce the al Shabaab terrorists

kojima bi se osudili al Šabab terorsti,

who attacked the Westgate Mall in Nairobi

koji su napali tržni centar Vestgejt u Nairobiju

on the same day as a children's cooking competition

na dan kada se održavalo dečje takmičenje u kuvanju

in September of 2013.

septembra 2013.

They killed 67, including poets and pregnant women.

Ubili su 67 ljudi, uključujući pesnike i trudnice.

Far away in the American Midwest,

Daleko na američkom srednjem zapadu

I had the good fortune of meeting Somali-Americans

imala sam sreću da upoznam somalijske amerikance

who were working to counter the efforts of al Shabaab

koji su pokušavali da spreče al Šababovce

to recruit a small number of young people

da regrutuju manji broj mladih

from their city of Minneapolis

iz svog grada Miniapolisa

to take part in atrocities like Westgate.

i tako počine užase, poput onih u Vestgejtu.

Abdirizak Bihi's studious

Abidrizak Bihijev studiozni

17-year-old nephew Burhan Hassan

17-ogodišnji nećak, Burhan Hasan

was recruited here in 2008,

je regrutovan ovde 2008,

spirited to Somalia,

odjurio je u Somaliju,

and then killed when he tried to come home.

a potom je ubijen, kada je pokušao da se vrati kući.

Since that time, Mr. Bihi,

Od tada g. Bihi,

who directs the no-budget Somali Education and Advocacy Center,

koji rukovodi neprofitnim Somalijskim obrazovnim i pravnim centrom,

has been vocally denouncing the recruitment

glasno razotkriva regrutovanja

and the failures of government

i neuspehe vlade

and Somali-American institutions

i somalijsko američkih institucija,

like the Abubakar As-Saddique Islamic Center

poput Islamskog centra Abubakar As-Sadik,

where he believes his nephew was radicalized

gde veruje da je njegov nećak radikalizovan

during a youth program.

za vreme omladinskog programa.

But he doesn't just criticize the mosque.

Ali on ne kritikuje jedino džamiju.

He also takes on the government

On takođe napada vladu

for its failure to do more

jer nije učinila dovoljno

to prevent poverty in his community.

da spreči siromaštvo u njegovoj zajednici.

Given his own lack of financial resources,

Kako nije imao dovoljno finansijskih sredstava,

Mr. Bihi has had to be creative.

g. Bihi je morao da bude kreativan.

To counter the efforts of al Shabaab

Kako bi osujetio nastojanja al Šababa

to sway more disaffected youth,

da utiče na još nezadovoljne omladine,

in the wake of the group's 2010 attack

u praskozorje napada 2010.

on World Cup viewers in Uganda,

na gledaoce Svetskog prvenstva u Ugandi,

he organized a Ramadan basketball tournament

organizovao je ramadanski košarkaški turnir

in Minneapolis in response.

u Miniapolisu, kao odgovor.

Scores of Somali-American kids came out

Hrpa somalijsko američke dece istupila je

to embrace sport

da prigrli sport,

despite the fatwa against it.

uprkos fatvi protiv njega.

They played basketball

Igrali su košarku

as Burhan Hassan never would again.

kako Burhan Hasan neće igrati nikada više.

For his efforts, Mr. Bihi has been ostracized

Zbog svojih napora, g. Bihi je prognan

by the leadership of the Abubakar As-Saddique Islamic Center,

od strane rukovodstva Islamskog centra Abubakar As-Sadik,

with which he used to have good relations.

sa kojim je nekad bio u dobrim odnosima.

He told me, "One day we saw the imam on TV

Rekao mi je: "Jednoga dana videli smo imama na TV-u

calling us infidels and saying,

kako nas naziva nevernicima i govori:

'These families are trying to destroy the mosque.'"

'Ove porodice pokušavaju da unište džamiju.'".

This is at complete odds

Ovo se u potpunosti kosi

with how Abdirizak Bihi understands

s time kako Abdirizak Bihi razume

what he is trying to do

ono što pokušava da uradi,

by exposing al Shabaab recruitment,

da razotkrivanjem al Šababovih regrutovanja

which is to save the religion I love

spase religiju koju voli

from a small number of extremists.

od malog broja ekstremista.

Now I want to tell one last story,

Sada želim da vam ispričam poslednju priču,

that of a 22-year-old law student in Algeria

onu o 22-ogodišnjoj studentkinji prava iz Alžira

named Amel Zenoune-Zouani

po imenu Amel Zenun-Zuani,

who had the same dreams of a legal career

s istim snovima o pravnoj karijeri

that I did back in the '90s.

poput mojih '90-ih godina.

She refused to give up her studies,

Odbila je da odustane od svojih studija,

despite the fact that the fundamentalists

uprkos činjenici da su fundamentalisti,

battling the Algerian state back then

boreći se protiv alžirske države tada,

threatened all who continued their education.

pretili svima koji su nastavili s obrazovanjem.

On January 26, 1997, Amel boarded the bus

26. januara 1997, Amel se ukrcala na autobus

in Algiers where she was studying

u gradu Alžiru, gde je studirala,

to go home and spend a Ramadan evening

da bi stigla kući i provela ramadansko veče

with her family,

sa svojom porodicom,

and would never finish law school.

i da nikad ne završi studije prava.

When the bus reached the outskirts

Kada je autobus stigao nadomak njenog rodnog grada

of her hometown, it was stopped

zaustavljen je na kontrolnom punktu,

at a checkpoint manned by men

kojim su upravljali ljudi iz Oružane islamske grupe.

from the Armed Islamic Group.

Carrying her schoolbag,

Noseći njen ruksak,

Amel was taken off the bus

izveli su je iz autobusa

and killed in the street.

i ubili na ulici.

The men who cut her throat

Muškarci koji su je zaklali,

then told everyone else,

rekli su potom svima:

"If you go to university,

"Ako budete išli na fakultet,

the day will come when we will kill all of you

doći će dan kada ćemo vas sve pobiti

just like this."

baš ovako."

Amel died at exactly 5:17 p.m.,

Amel je umrla tačno u 17:17 h,

which we know because when she fell in the street,

ovo znamo, jer kad je pala na ulici,

her watch broke.

njen sat je polomljen.

Her mother showed me the watch

Njena majka mi je pokazala sat

with the second hand still aimed

sa sekundarom koja je i dalje ciljala

optimistically upward

optimistično prema gore,

towards a 5:18 that would never come.

prema 17:18 koje nikada neće doći.

Shortly before her death,

Nedugo pred smrt,

Amel had said to her mother of herself

Amel je rekla majci za sebe

and her sisters,

i svoje sestre:

"Nothing will happen to us, Inshallah, God willing,

"Ništa nam se neće dogoditi, inšalah, ako bog da,

but if something happens,

ali ako se nešto desi,

you must know that we are dead for knowledge.

moraš da znaš da smo umrli za znanje.

You and father must keep your heads held high."

Ti i otac morate da budete ponosni."

The loss of such a young woman is unfathomable,

Gubitak takve mlade žene je neshvatljiv

and so as I did my research

i dok sam istraživala,

I found myself searching for Amel's hope again

zaticala sam sebe kako iznova tragam za Amelinom nadom,

and her name even means "hope" in Arabic.

čak i njeno ime na arapskom znači "nada".

I think I found it in two places.

Mislim da sam je pronašla na dva mesta.

The first is in the strength of her family

Prvo je u snazi njene porodice

and all the other families to continue telling their stories

i svih drugih porodica koje su nastavile da pričaju svoje priče

and to go on with their lives despite the terrorism.

i da nastave sa svojim životom, uprkos terorizmu.

In fact, Amel's sister Lamia overcame her grief,

Zapravo, Amelina sestra Lamija prevazišla je bol,

went to law school,

otišla je na pravni fakultet

and practices as a lawyer in Algiers today,

i sada je praktikant prava u gradu Alžiru,

something which is only possible

nešto što je moguće jedino

because the armed fundamentalists

jer su fundamentalisti

were largely defeated in the country.

uglavnom poraženi u zemlji.

And the second place I found Amel's hope

I drugo mesto na kom sam našla Amelinu nadu,

was everywhere that women and men

je svuda gde muškarci i žene

continue to defy the jihadis.

nastavljaju da prkose džihadistima.

We must support all of those in honor of Amel

Moramo da podržimo sve njih u Amelino ime,

who continue this human rights struggle today,

sve koji nastavljaju ovu borbu za ljudska prava,

like the Network of Women Living Under Muslim Laws.

poput Mreže žena koje žive pod muslimanskim zakonima.

It is not enough, as the victims rights advocate

Nije dovoljno, kako mi kaže advokat za prava žrtava,

Cherifa Kheddar told me in Algiers,

Šerifa Hadar iz Alžira,

it is not enough just to battle terrorism.

nije dovoljno da se samo borimo protiv terorizma.

We must also challenge fundamentalism,

Moramo i da se suprotstavimo fundamentalizmu

because fundamentalism is the ideology

jer je fundamentalizam ideologija

that makes the bed of this terrorism.

koja prostire krevet ovom terorizmu.

Why is it that people like her, like all of them

Kako to da ljudi poput nje, poput svih njih

are not more well known?

nisu poznati šire?

Why is it that everyone knows who Osama bin Laden was

Kako to da svi znaju ko je bio Osama bin Laden,

and so few know of all of those

a tako malo ljudi zna za njih

standing up to the bin Ladens in their own contexts.

koji su ustali protv Bin Ladena na svoj način?

We must change that, and so I ask you

Moramo to da promenimo i zato vas molim

to please help share these stories

da pomognete u širenju ovih priča

through your networks.

preko svojih mreža.

Look again at Amel Zenoune's watch,

Pogledajte još jednom na Amel Zenunin sat,

forever frozen,

zauvek zamrznut,

and now please look at your own watch

a sad pogledajte na svoj sat

and decide this is the moment that you commit

i odlučite da je ovo trenutak koji ćete posvetiti

to supporting people like Amel.

podržavanju ljudi poput Amele.

We don't have the right to be silent about them

Nemamo pravo da ćutimo o njima

because it is easier

jer je tako lakše,

or because Western policy is flawed as well,

ili zato što je i zapadna politika falična

because 5:17 is still coming

zato što 17:17 i dalje otkucava

to too many Amel Zenounes

za previše Amela Zenun,

in places like northern Nigeria,

na mestima poput severne Nigerije,

where jihadis still kill students.

gde džihadisti i dalje ubijaju studente.

The time to speak up in support of all of those

Vreme da govorimo u znak podrške svima onima

who peacefully challenge fundamentalism

koji se mirnim putem suprotstavljaju

and terrorism in their own communities

fundamentalizmu i terorizmu u svojim zajednicama

is now.

je sada.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)