Karima Bennoune: The side of terrorism that doesn't make headlines

Translator: Sarah Borger Reviewer: Anders Finn Jørgensen

Could I protect my father

Var jeg i stand til at beskytte min far

from the Armed Islamic Group with a paring knife?

fra Armed Islamic Group med en frugtkniv?

That was the question I faced

Det var det spørgsmål, jeg måtte svare på

one Tuesday morning in June of 1993,

en tirsdag morgen i juni, 1993,

when I was a law student.

da jeg var jurastuderende.

I woke up early that morning

Jeg vågnede tidligt den morgen

in Dad's apartment

i min fars lejlighed

on the outskirts of Algiers, Algeria,

i udkanten af Algier i Algeriet

to an unrelenting pounding on the front door.

ved lyden af en insisterende banken på hoveddøren.

It was a season as described by a local paper

Som en lokal avis beskrev det, så var dette en tid,

when every Tuesday a scholar fell

hvor en akademiker blev dræbt hver tirsdag

to the bullets of fundamentalist assassins.

af fundamentalistiske morderes kugler.

My father's university teaching of Darwin

Det faktum, at min far underviste i Darwins teorier på universitetet,

had already provoked a classroom visit

havde allerede resulteret i et besøg i klasseværelset

from the head of the so-called Islamic Salvation Front,

af lederen af den såkaldte Islamiske Befrielsesfront,

who denounced Dad as an advocate of biologism

som fordømte min far som en fortaler for biologisme,

before Dad had ejected the man,

før det lykkedes min far at smide ham ud,

and now whoever was outside

og nu ville personen udenfor

would neither identify himself nor go away.

hverken fortælle, hvem han var, eller forlade stedet.

So my father tried to get the police on the phone,

Min far forsøgte at ringe til politiet,

but perhaps terrified by the rising tide

men måske var det angsten for bølgen

of armed extremism that had already claimed

af bevæbnet ekstremisme, der allerede havde kostet

the lives of so many Algerian officers,

så mange algierske betjentes liv,

they didn't even answer.

der forhindrede dem i at svare.

And that was when I went to the kitchen,

Det var på dette tidspunkt, at jeg gik ud i køkkenet,

got out a paring knife,

hentede en frugtkniv,

and took up a position inside the entryway.

og stillede mig parat i entreen.

It was a ridiculous thing to do, really,

Det var en fjollet ting at gøre, egentlig,

but I couldn't think of anything else,

men jeg kunne ikke komme i tanke om andre muligheder,

and so there I stood.

så der stod jeg.

When I look back now, I think that that was the moment

Når jeg ser tilbage på det, så tror jeg, at det var øjeblikket,

that set me on the path was to writing a book

der lagde den første sten i min vej til at skrive en bog,

called "Your Fatwa Does Not Apply Here:

som hedder "Din fatwa gælder ikke her:

Untold Stories from the Fight Against Muslim Fundamentalism."

Ufortalte historier fra kampen imod muslimsk fundamentalisme."

The title comes from a Pakistani play.

Titlen kommer fra et pakistansk skuespil.

I think it was actually that moment

Jeg tror faktisk, at det var øjeblikket,

that sent me on the journey

der sendte mig ud på den overvældende opgave

to interview 300 people of Muslim heritage

at interviewe 300 personer med muslimsk baggrund

from nearly 30 countries,

fra næsten 30 lande

from Afghanistan to Mali,

fra Afghanistan til Mali,

to find out how they fought fundamentalism

for at finde ud af, hvordan de kæmpede imod fundamentalismen

peacefully like my father did,

uden vold, som min far gjorde,

and how they coped with the attendant risks.

og hvordan de håndterede den risiko, det indebærer.

Luckily, back in June of 1993,

Heldigvis, tilbage i juni, 1993,

our unidentified visitor went away,

gik vores uidentificerede gæst sin vej,

but other families were so much less lucky,

men andre familier var ikke så heldige.

and that was the thought that motivated my research.

Og det var den tanke, der motiverede min research.

In any case, someone would return

Under alle omstændigheder

a few months later and leave a note

Få måneder efter vendte en person tilbage og efterlod en seddel

on Dad's kitchen table,

på min fars køkkenbord.

which simply said, "Consider yourself dead."

Der stod, "du kan betragte dig selv som død".

Subsequently, Algeria's fundamentalist armed groups

Efterfølgende dræbte Algeriets væbnede fundamentalister

would murder as many as 200,000 civilians

op imod 200.000 civile

in what came to be known

i det, der blev kendt som

as the dark decade of the 1990s,

90'ernes mørke årti.

including every single one

Det inkluderede hver eneste af de kvinder,

of the women that you see here.

I ser her.

In its harsh counterterrorist response,

I den hårde indsats imod terror

the state resorted to torture

brugte staten tortur

and to forced disappearances,

og pludselige forsvindinger.

and as terrible as all of these events became,

Og selvom disse begivenheder udviklede sig i en frygtelig retning,

the international community largely ignored them.

blev de stort set ignoreret af det internationale samfund.

Finally, my father, an Algerian peasant's son turned professor,

I sidste ende var min far, søn af en landmand og senere professor,

was forced to stop teaching at the university

tvunget til at stoppe sin undervisning på universitetet

and to flee his apartment,

og til at flygte fra hans lejlighed.

but what I will never forget

Men det, jeg aldrig vil glemme

about Mahfoud Bennoune, my dad,

om min far, Mahfoud Bennoune,

was that like so many other Algerian intellectuals,

var, at som så mange andre algierske intellektuelle,

he refused to leave the country

nægtede han at forlade landet,

and he continued to publish pointed criticisms,

og han fortsatte med offentligt at rette kritik

both of the fundamentalists

både imod fundamentalisterne

and sometimes of the government they battled.

og ind imellem den regering, de kæmpede imod.

For example, in a November 1994 series

I november, 1994,

in the newspaper El Watan

i avisen El Watans artikelserie

entitled "How Fundamentalism

med titlen "Hvordan fundamentalisme

Produced a Terrorism without Precedent,"

skabte en hidtil uset terrorisme,"

he denounced what he called

fordømte han for eksempel det, han kaldte

the terrorists' radical break with the true Islam

'terroristens radikale brud med den sande Islam,

as it was lived by our ancestors.

som troen blev udlevet af vores forfædre.'

These were words that could get you killed.

Dette var ord, der kunne få dig dræbt.

My father's country taught me

Min fars land lærte mig

in that dark decade of the 1990s that

i 90'ernes mørke årti,

the popular struggle against Muslim fundamentalism

at den folkelige modstand imod muslimsk fundamentalisme

is one of the most important

er en af de vigtigste

and overlooked human rights struggles

og mest oversete kampe for menneskerettigheder

in the world.

i verden.

This remains true today, nearly 20 years later.

Dette er stadig sandt idag, hvor næsten 20 år er gået.

You see, in every country

Ser du, i hvert land,

where you hear about armed jihadis

hvor man hører om bevæbnede jihadier

targeting civilians,

der angriber civile,

there are also unarmed people

er der også ubevæbnede mennesker,

defying those militants that you don't hear about,

der stiller sig op imod de militante. Og dem hører du ikke om.

and those people need our support to succeed.

De mennesker har brug for vores støtte, hvis modstanden skal lykkes.

In the West, it's often assumed

I Vesten går man ofte ud fra

that Muslims generally condone terrorism.

at muslimer støtter op omkring terrorisme.

Some on the right think this because they view

På højrefløjen bunder denne opfattelse nogle gange

Muslim culture as inherently violent,

i ideen om, at muslimsk kultur essentielt er voldelig.

and some on the left imagine this

Og på venstrefløjen er nogle af denne opfattelse,

because they view Muslim violence,

fordi de betragter muslimsk vold,

fundamentalist violence,

fundamentalistisk vold,

solely as a product of legitimate grievances.

udelukkende som et resultat af reel forurettelse.

But both views are dead wrong.

Begge opfattelser er helt forkerte.

In fact, many people of Muslim heritage

Faktisk er mange personer med muslimsk baggrund

around the world are staunch opponents

rundt omkring i verden indædte modstandere

both of fundamentalism and of terrorism,

af både fundamentalisme og terrorisme,

and often for very good reason.

og ofte med god grund.

You see, they're much more likely to be victims

Det er nemlig langt oftere ofre

of this violence than its perpetrators.

for denne vold end dens udøvere.

Let me just give you one example.

Lad mig give jer et eksempel.

According to a 2009 survey

Ifølge en undersøgelse fra 2009

of Arabic language media resources,

af de arabisktalende medier

between 2004 and 2008,

mellem 2004 og 2008,

no more than 15 percent of al Qaeda's victims

var mindre end 15% af Al-Qaedas ofre

were Westerners.

vesterlændinge.

That's a terrible toll, but the vast majority

Det er et forfærdeligt tal, men langt størstedelen

were people of Muslim heritage,

var folk med muslimsk baggrund,

killed by Muslim fundamentalists.

som blev dræbt af muslimske fundamentalister.

Now I've been talking for the last five minutes

Igennem de sidste 5 minutter har vi talt

about fundamentalism, and you have a right to know

om fundamentalisme, og I har ret til at vide

exactly what I mean.

præcis, hvad jeg mener.

I cite the definition given by the Algerian sociologist

Jeg vil citere en definition formuleret af den algierske sociolog

Marieme Helie Lucas,

Marieme Helie Lucas,

and she says that fundamentalisms,

og hun siger, at fundamentalismer,

note the "s," so within all of the world's

bemærk flertallet, altså indenfor alle verdens

great religious traditions,

store religiøse traditioner,

"fundamentalisms are political movements of the extreme right

"fundamentalismer er ekstremt højreorienterede politiske bevægelser,

which in a context of globalization

som i en kontekst af globalisering

manipulate religion in order to achieve

manipulerer religion for at opnå

their political aims."

deres politiske mål."

Sadia Abbas has called this the radical politicization

Sadia Abbas har kaldt dette den radikale politisering

of theology.

af teologi.

Now I want to avoid projecting the notion

Jeg vil gerne undgå at give indtryk af,

that there's sort of a monolith out there

at der er en slags monolit derude,

called Muslim fundamentalism that is the same everywhere,

som man kan kalde muslimsk fundamentalisme, som er den samme alle steder,

because these movements also have their diversities.

for disse bevægelser adskiller sig også fra hinanden.

Some use and advocate violence.

Nogle bruger og taler for vold.

Some do not, though they're often interrelated.

Nogle gør ikke, men de er dog sjældent forbundet.

They take different forms.

De kommer i forskellige former.

Some may be non-governmental organizations,

Nogle er organisationer uafhængige af regeringen,

even here in Britain like Cageprisoners.

selv her i England som f.eks. Cageprisoners.

Some may become political parties,

Nogle bliver til politiske partier,

like the Muslim Brotherhood,

som Det Muslimske Broderskab,

and some may be openly armed groups

og andre er åbenlyst bevæbnede grupper

like the Taliban.

som Taliban.

But in any case, these are all radical projects.

Men i alle tilfælde er det radikale projekter.

They're not conservative or traditional approaches.

De er ikke konservative eller traditionelle tiltag.

They're most often about changing people's relationship with Islam

De forsøger for det meste at ændre folks forhold til Islam

rather than preserving it.

snarere end at bevare det.

What I am talking about is the Muslim extreme right,

Det, jeg taler om, er det ekstreme, muslimske Højre,

and the fact that its adherents are

og det faktum, at dets tilhængere er

or purport to be Muslim

eller foregiver at være muslimer,

makes them no less offensive

gør dem ikke mindre aggressive

than the extreme right anywhere else.

end det ekstreme Højre alle mulige andre steder.

So in my view, if we consider ourselves

Så efter min mening, hvis vi betragter os selv

liberal or left-wing,

som liberale eller venstreorienterede,

human rights-loving or feminist,

fortalere for menneskerettigheder eller feminister,

we must oppose these movements

så må vi modsætte os disse bevægelser

and support their grassroots opponents.

og støtte deres græsrodsmodstandere.

Now let me be clear

Lad mig sige det helt klart.

that I support an effective struggle

Jeg støtter en effektiv kamp

against fundamentalism,

imod fundamentalisme,

but also a struggle that must itself

men også en kamp, der i sig selv

respect international law,

må respektere international lov.

so nothing I am saying should be taken

Så intet af det, jeg siger, må opfattes

as a justification for refusals

som en retfærdiggørelse af at nægte

to democratize,

at demokratisere.

and here I send out a shout-out of support

Og dette er et opråb af støtte

to the pro-democracy movement in Algeria today, Barakat.

til den pro-demokratiske bevægelse i Algeriet idag, Barakat.

Nor should anything I say be taken

Der er heller ikke noget af det, jeg siger,

as a justification of violations of human rights,

der skal opfattes som en retfærdiggørelse af overtrædelser af menneskerettighederne,

like the mass death sentences

som eksempelvis massedødsdommene

handed out in Egypt earlier this week.

som blev udstedt i Egypten tidligere denne uge.

But what I am saying

Det jeg siger er,

is that we must challenge these Muslim fundamentalist movements

at vi må stille os op imod disse muslimske fundamentalistiske grupper,

because they threaten human rights

fordi de truer menneskerettighederne

across Muslim-majority contexts,

i adskillige kontekster med muslimske flertal,

and they do this in a range of ways,

og de gør det på adskillige måder.

most obviously with the direct attacks on civilians

Tydeligst med de direkte angreb på civile

by the armed groups that carry those out.

udført af bevæbnede grupper.

But that violence is just the tip of the iceberg.

Men denne vold er kun toppen af isbjerget.

These movements as a whole purvey discrimination

Disse bevægelser diskriminerer generelt

against religious minorities and sexual minorities.

religiøse og seksuelle minoriteter.

They seek to curtail the freedom of religion

De ønsker at indskrænke religionsfriheden

of everyone who either practices in a different way

for alle, der enten praktiserer anderledes

or chooses not to practice.

eller slet ikke praktiserer.

And most definingly, they lead an all-out war

Og allermest karakteristisk er det, at de fører en gennemgribende krig

on the rights of women.

imod kvinders rettigheder.

Now, faced with these movements

I mødet med disse bevægelser

in recent years, Western discourse

har den vestlige diskurs i de seneste år

has most often offered

for det meste kun budt på

two flawed responses.

to fejlagtige reaktioner.

The first that one sometimes finds on the right

Den første, som primært findes på højrefløjen,

suggests that most Muslims are fundamentalist

antager at de fleste muslimer er fundamentalister,

or something about Islam is inherently fundamentalist,

eller at noget omkring Islam er grundlæggende fundamentalistisk,

and this is just offensive and wrong,

og det er både stødende og forkert.

but unfortunately on the left one sometimes encounters

På venstrefløjen møder man omvendt ofte

a discourse that is too politically correct

en diskurs der er for politisk korrekt,

to acknowledge the problem of Muslim fundamentalism at all

eller værre endnu, finder undskyldninger for volden,

or, even worse, apologizes for it,

og dette er ligeså uacceptabelt.

and this is unacceptable as well.

Så det, jeg leder efter,

So what I'm seeking is a new way

er en helt ny måde

of talking about this all together,

at tale om dette,

which is grounded in the lived experiences

som er funderet i de erfaringer

and the hope of the people on the front lines.

og håb, som vi kan få fra folk, der oplever volden på nært hold.

I'm painfully aware that there has been

Jeg er i smertende høj grad opmærksom på

an increase in discrimination against Muslims in recent years

den voksende diskrimination imod muslimer de seneste år

in countries like the U.K. and the U.S.,

i lande som Storbritannien og USA,

and that too is a matter of grave concern,

og det er også grund til en seriøs bekymring.

but I firmly believe

Men jeg tror fuldt og fast på

that telling these counter-stereotypical stories

at disse fortællinger, der gør op med stereotype forestillinger,

of people of Muslim heritage

og som handler om folk med muslimsk baggrund,

who have confronted the fundamentalists

der har konfronteret fundamentalisterne

and been their primary victims

og har været deres primære ofre,

is also a great way of countering that discrimination.

også er en god måde at imødekomme den diskrimination.

So now let me introduce you

Så lad mig introducere jer

to four people whose stories

for fire personer, hvis historier

I had the great honor of telling.

jeg har den store ære at få lov til at fortælle.

Faizan Peerzada and the Rafi Peer Theatre

Faizan Peerzada og Rafi Peer Teatrets

workshop named for his father

workshop, opkaldt efter hans far,

have for years promoted the performing arts

har i årevis fremmet scenekunsten

in Pakistan.

i Pakistan.

With the rise of jihadist violence,

I takt med at den fundamentalistiske vold voksede

they began to receive threats

begyndte de at modtage trusler og pres

to call off their events, which they refused to heed.

for at aflyse deres forestillinger, hvilket de nægtede.

And so a bomber struck their 2008

Og i 2008 ramte en bombe deres

eighth world performing arts festival in Lahore,

ottende internationale scenekunstfestival i Lahore,

producing rain of glass

og resulterede i en regn af glasstumper,

that fell into the venue

som faldt ud over deres spillested

injuring nine people,

og skadede 9 personer.

and later that same night,

Og senere samme aften

the Peerzadas made a very difficult decision:

traf Peerzada-gruppen en meget svær beslutning:

they announced that their festival

De annoncerede, at deres festival

would continue as planned the next day.

ville fortsætte som planlagt næste dag.

As Faizan said at the time,

Og samtidigt sagde Faizan,

if we bow down to the Islamists,

at hvis vi bøjer os for islamisterne,

we'll just be sitting in a dark corner.

så vil vi ende med at sidde i et mørkt hjørne.

But they didn't know what would happen.

Men de vidste ikke, hvad der ville ske.

Would anyone come?

Ville nogen komme?

In fact, thousands of people came out the next day

Faktisk kom tusindvis af mennesker næste dag

to support the performing arts in Lahore,

for at støtte scenekunsten i Lahore,

and this simultaneously thrilled

og gjorde både Faizan begejstret

and terrified Faizan,

og skrækslagen,

and he ran up to a woman

og han henvendte sig til en kvinde,

who had come in with her two small children,

som var mødt op med sine to børn,

and he said, "You do know there was a bomb here yesterday,

og han sagde: "Du ved godt, der var en bombe her igår,

and you do know there's a threat here today."

og der er en trussel idag."

And she said, "I know that,

Og hun svarede: "Det ved jeg godt,

but I came to your festival

men jeg kom til jeres festival

with my mother when I was their age,

med min mor, da jeg var på deres alder,

and I still have those images in my mind.

og jeg har stadig klare minder fra dengang.

We have to be here."

Vi bliver nødt til at være her."

With stalwart audiences like this,

Med stålsatte publikummer som dette

the Peerzadas were able to conclude

kunne Peerzada-gruppen gennemføre

their festival on schedule.

deres festival som planlagt.

And then the next year,

Og næste år,

they lost all of their sponsors

mistede de alle deres sponsorer

due to the security risk.

på grund af sikkerhedsrisikoen.

So when I met them in 2010,

Da jeg mødte dem i 2010

they were in the middle of the first subsequent event

var de i gang med den første, efterfølgende festival,

that they were able to have in the same venue,

som de var i stand til at holde på samme spillested.

and this was the ninth youth performing arts festival

Og dette var den niende scenekunstfestival for unge,

held in Lahore in a year when that city

der blev holdt i Lahore i et år, hvor denne by

had already experienced 44 terror attacks.

allerede havde oplevet 44 terrorangreb.

This was a time when the Pakistani Taliban

Det var på dette tidspunkt at det pakistanske Taliban

had commenced their systematic targeting

var begyndt på deres systematiske angreb

of girls' schools that would culminate

på pigeskoler, som senere kulminerede

in the attack on Malala Yousafzai.

i angrebet på Malala Yousafzai.

What did the Peerzadas do in that environment?

Hvad gjorde Peerzada-gruppen i den situation?

They staged girls' school theater.

De opsatte skoleteater for piger.

So I had the privilege of watching "Naang Wal,"

Jeg havde det privilegium at se "Naang Wal",

which was a musical in the Punjabi language,

som var en musical på punjabi,

and the girls of Lahore Grammar School

og pigerne fra Lahore Grammar School

played all the parts.

spillede alle rollerne.

They sang and danced,

De sang og dansede,

they played the mice and the water buffalo,

de spillede musen og vandbøflen,

and I held my breath, wondering,

og jeg holdt mit vejr og tænkte på,

would we get to the end

om vi ville nå til slutningen

of this amazing show?

af dette fantastiske show?

And when we did, the whole audience

Og da vi nåede slutningen, åndede

collectively exhaled,

hele publikummet samstemmende lettet op,

and a few people actually wept,

og et par stykker fældede endda en tåre,

and then they filled the auditorium

og de fyldte auditoriet

with the peaceful boom of their applause.

med den fredfyldte lyd af klapsalver.

And I remember thinking in that moment

Og jeg kan huske, at jeg i dette øjeblik tænkte,

that the bombers made headlines here

at bombemændene ryddede alle overskrifterne her

two years before

to år før,

but this night and these people

men denne aften og disse mennesker

are as important a story.

er mindst ligeså vigtig en historie.

Maria Bashir is the first and only

Maria Bashir er den første og eneste

woman chief prosecutor in Afghanistan.

kvindelige chefanklager i Afghanistan.

She's been in the post since 2008

Hun har haft stillingen siden 2008

and actually opened an office to investigate

og åbnede faktiske et kontor for at efterforske

cases of violence against women,

sager om vold imod kvinder,

which she says is the most important area

som hun betegner som det vigtigste område

in her mandate.

indenfor hendes mandat.

When I meet her in her office in Herat,

Da jeg mødte hende i hendes kontor i Herat,

she enters surrounded by

trådte hun ind i rummet

four large men with four huge guns.

omringet af fire store mænd, men fire store våben.

In fact, she now has 23 bodyguards,

Faktisk har hun nu 23 bodyguards,

because she has weathered bomb attacks

fordi hun har været udsat for bombeangreb,

that nearly killed her kids,

der var tæt på at dræbe hendes børn,

and it took the leg off of one of her guards.

og som kostede en af hendes vagter et ben.

Why does she continue?

Hvorfor fortsætter hun?

She says with a smile that that is the question

Hun siger med et smil, at det er det spørgsmål

that everyone asks—

alle stiller.

as she puts it, "Why you risk not living?"

Som hun siger, "hvorfor risikere ikke at leve?"

And it is simply that for her,

Og det er simpelthen det, det betyder for hende:

a better future for all the Maria Bashirs to come

En bedre fremtid for alle de kommende Maria Bashir

is worth the risk,

er risikoen værd,

and she knows that if people like her

og hun ved, at hvis folk som hende selv

do not take the risk,

ikke løber risikoen,

there will be no better future.

så er der ingen bedre fremtid.

Later on in our interview,

Senere i interviewet

Prosecutor Bashir tells me how worried she is

fortæller chefanklager Bashir, hvor bekymret hun er

about the possible outcome

omkring de mulige resultater

of government negotiations with the Taliban,

af regeringens forhandlinger med Taliban,

the people who have been trying to kill her.

de samme mennesker, som har forsøgt at dræbe hende.

"If we give them a place in the government,"

"Hvis de får en plads i vores regering,"

she asks, "Who will protect women's rights?"

spørger hun: "Hvem vil så beskytte kvindernes rettigheder?"

And she urges the international community

Og hun opfordrer det internationale samfund til

not to forget its promise about women

ikke at glemme dets løfter til kvinderne,

because now they want peace with Taliban.

fordi de ønsker fred med Taliban.

A few weeks after I leave Afghanistan,

Et par uger efter jeg forlader Afghanistan,

I see a headline on the Internet.

ser jeg en overskrift på internettet.

An Afghan prosecutor has been assassinated.

En afghansk anklager er blevet myrdet.

I google desperately,

Jeg googler desperat,

and thankfully that day I find out

og samme dag finder jeg heldigvis ud af,

that Maria was not the victim,

at Maria ikke er ofret,

though sadly, another Afghan prosecutor

men desværre er en anden afghansk anklager

was gunned down on his way to work.

blevet skudt på hans vej til arbejde.

And when I hear headlines like that now,

Og når jeg idag hører den slags overskrifter,

I think that as international troops

tænker jeg, at når de internationale styrker

leave Afghanistan this year and beyond,

forlader Afghanistan de kommende år,

we must continue to care

så må vi stadigvæk bekymre os om,

about what happens to people there,

hvad der sker med befolkningen,

to all of the Maria Bashirs.

med alle som Maria Bashir.

Sometimes I still hear her voice in my head

Nogle gange hører jeg stadig hendes stemme for mig,

saying, with no bravado whatsoever,

hvor hun uden nogen form praleri siger:

"The situation of the women of Afghanistan

"Situationen for kvinder i Afghanistan

will be better someday.

bliver en dag bedre.

We should prepare the ground for this,

Vi skal forberede os på den dag,

even if we are killed."

selvom vi bliver dræbt."

There are no words adequate

Der findes ikke ord, der er stærke nok

to denounce the al Shabaab terrorists

til at fordømme terrorgruppen Al-Shabaab,

who attacked the Westgate Mall in Nairobi

som angreb Westgate-centeret i Nairobi

on the same day as a children's cooking competition

på netop den dag, hvor der blev afholdt en madlavningskonkurrence for børn

in September of 2013.

i september 2013.

They killed 67, including poets and pregnant women.

De dræbte 67, heriblandt digtere og gravide kvinder.

Far away in the American Midwest,

Langt derfra, i USA's Midtvest,

I had the good fortune of meeting Somali-Americans

var jeg så heldig at møde somali-amerikanere,

who were working to counter the efforts of al Shabaab

der arbejde hårdt for at forpurre Al-Shabaabs indsats

to recruit a small number of young people

for at rekruttere en lille gruppe unge

from their city of Minneapolis

fra Minneapolis

to take part in atrocities like Westgate.

til at deltage i grusomheder som Westgate-angrebet.

Abdirizak Bihi's studious

Abdirizak Bihi's studerende, 17-årige

17-year-old nephew Burhan Hassan

nevø Burhan Hassan

was recruited here in 2008,

blev rekrutteret der i 2008,

spirited to Somalia,

sendt til Somalia,

and then killed when he tried to come home.

og dræbt, da han forsøgte at komme hjem.

Since that time, Mr. Bihi,

Siden da har Mr. Bihi,

who directs the no-budget Somali Education and Advocacy Center,

som leder Det Somaliske Center for uddannelse og støtte, som drives uden budget,

has been vocally denouncing the recruitment

højlydt fordømt rekrutteringen

and the failures of government

og regeringens utilstrækkelighed

and Somali-American institutions

og visse somali-amerikanske institutioner

like the Abubakar As-Saddique Islamic Center

som det islamiske Abubakar As-Saddique Center,

where he believes his nephew was radicalized

hvor han mener, at hans nevø blev radikaliseret

during a youth program.

under et program for unge.

But he doesn't just criticize the mosque.

Men han kritiserer ikke bare moskéen.

He also takes on the government

Han retter også sin kritik imod regeringen

for its failure to do more

for dens mislykkede forsøg på at gøre mere

to prevent poverty in his community.

for at forhindre fattigdom i hans miljø.

Given his own lack of financial resources,

På grund af han egen mangel på økonomiske ressourcer

Mr. Bihi has had to be creative.

har Mr. Bihi været nødt til at være kreativ.

To counter the efforts of al Shabaab

Han vil undgå, at Al-Shabaab

to sway more disaffected youth,

rekrutterede flere unge,

in the wake of the group's 2010 attack

i efterdønningerne på gruppen angreb

on World Cup viewers in Uganda,

på folk, der så World Cup i Uganda i 2010.

he organized a Ramadan basketball tournament

Derfor arrangerede han en Basketballturnering

in Minneapolis in response.

i Ramadanen i Minneapolis som et modsvar.

Scores of Somali-American kids came out

Flokke af somali-amerikanske børn kom ud

to embrace sport

for at dyrke sport

despite the fatwa against it.

på trods af den fatwa, der var imod det.

They played basketball

De spillede basketball,

as Burhan Hassan never would again.

som Burhan Hassan aldrig ville komme til at gøre igen.

For his efforts, Mr. Bihi has been ostracized

På grund af hans indsats er Mr. Bihi blevet udstødt

by the leadership of the Abubakar As-Saddique Islamic Center,

af ledelsen af Abubakar As-Saddique-centret,

with which he used to have good relations.

som han plejede at have et godt forhold til.

He told me, "One day we saw the imam on TV

Han fortalte mig, at "en dag så vi imamen på TV,

calling us infidels and saying,

og han kaldte os vantro og sagde,

'These families are trying to destroy the mosque.'"

at 'disse familier prøver at ødelægge moskéen."

This is at complete odds

Det her står i total modsætning

with how Abdirizak Bihi understands

til det, som Abdirizak

what he is trying to do

forsøger at gøre,

by exposing al Shabaab recruitment,

når han afslører Al-Shabaabs rekruttering.

which is to save the religion I love

Han prøver at redde den religion, han elsker,

from a small number of extremists.

fra et lille antal ekstremister.

Now I want to tell one last story,

Jeg vil fortælle en sidste historie.

that of a 22-year-old law student in Algeria

Det er historien om en 22-årig jurastuderende i Algeriet,

named Amel Zenoune-Zouani

som hedder Amel Zenoune-zouani,

who had the same dreams of a legal career

og som havde den samme drøm om en karriere inden for retssystemet,

that I did back in the '90s.

som jeg selv havde tilbage i 90'erne.

She refused to give up her studies,

Hun nægtede at opgive sit studie,

despite the fact that the fundamentalists

til trods for at fundamentalisterne,

battling the Algerian state back then

der dengang kæmpede imod den Algierske stat,

threatened all who continued their education.

truede alle, der fortsatte deres uddannelse.

On January 26, 1997, Amel boarded the bus

Den 26. Januar, 1997, stod Amel på bussen

in Algiers where she was studying

i Algier, hvor hun studerede.

to go home and spend a Ramadan evening

Hun var på vej hjem for at tilbringe en aften i Ramadanen

with her family,

med sin familie,

and would never finish law school.

men hun ville aldrig få lov at færdiggøre jurastudiet.

When the bus reached the outskirts

Da bussen nåede udkanten

of her hometown, it was stopped

af hendes hjemby, blev den standset

at a checkpoint manned by men

i et checkpoint bemandet af mænd

from the Armed Islamic Group.

fra The Armed Islamic Group.

Carrying her schoolbag,

Med sin skoletaske på ryggen,

Amel was taken off the bus

blev Amel trukket ud af bussen

and killed in the street.

og dræbt på gaden.

The men who cut her throat

De mænd, der skar halsen over på hende,

then told everyone else,

sagde efterfølgende til alle andre:

"If you go to university,

"Hvis du går på universitetet,

the day will come when we will kill all of you

vil vi en dag slå jer allesammen ihjel,

just like this."

på den her måde."

Amel died at exactly 5:17 p.m.,

Amel døde præcis kl. 17.17.

which we know because when she fell in the street,

Det ved vi, fordi da hun faldt om på gaden,

her watch broke.

gik hendes ur i stykker.

Her mother showed me the watch

Hendes mor viste mig uret

with the second hand still aimed

med den store viser, der stadig pegede

optimistically upward

optimistisk opad

towards a 5:18 that would never come.

imod 17.18, som klokken aldrig slog.

Shortly before her death,

Kort før hendes død,

Amel had said to her mother of herself

sagde Amel til hendes mor

and her sisters,

og hendes søstre,

"Nothing will happen to us, Inshallah, God willing,

"Intet vil ske os, inshallah, om Gud vil,

but if something happens,

men hvis noget sker,

you must know that we are dead for knowledge.

så skal du vide, at vi døde for videnskaben.

You and father must keep your heads held high."

Og du og far skal holde hovedet højt."

The loss of such a young woman is unfathomable,

Tabet af sådan en unge kvinde er ikke til at forstå,

and so as I did my research

og imens jeg researchede,

I found myself searching for Amel's hope again

forsøgte jeg at finde frem til Amels håb igen.

and her name even means "hope" in Arabic.

Hendes navn betyder ovenikøbet håb på arabisk.

I think I found it in two places.

Jeg mener, jeg fandt det to steder.

The first is in the strength of her family

Det første sted er i hendes families styrke,

and all the other families to continue telling their stories

ligesom i alle de andre familier, der fortsat fortæller deres historie,

and to go on with their lives despite the terrorism.

og fortsætter deres liv til trods for terrorismen.

In fact, Amel's sister Lamia overcame her grief,

Faktisk overkom Amels søster, Lamia, hendes sorg,

went to law school,

studerede jura,

and practices as a lawyer in Algiers today,

og er idag advokat i Algier.

something which is only possible

Dette er kun muligt,

because the armed fundamentalists

fordi de bevæbnede fundamentalister

were largely defeated in the country.

i høj grad blev overvundet i landet.

And the second place I found Amel's hope

Det andet sted, hvor jeg fandt Amels håb,

was everywhere that women and men

var der, hvor kvinder og mænd

continue to defy the jihadis.

forsat stiller sig op imod jihadierne.

We must support all of those in honor of Amel

Ud af respekt for Amel, må vi støtte alle dem,

who continue this human rights struggle today,

som fortsætter kampen for menneskerettigheder idag,

like the Network of Women Living Under Muslim Laws.

som eksempelvis Network of Women Living Under Muslim Laws.

It is not enough, as the victims rights advocate

"Det er ikke nok", sagde kvinderettighedsforkæmperen

Cherifa Kheddar told me in Algiers,

Cherifa Kheddar til mig i Algier.

it is not enough just to battle terrorism.

"Det er ikke nok at kæmpe imod terrorisme.

We must also challenge fundamentalism,

Vi skal også udfordre fundamentalismen,

because fundamentalism is the ideology

for fundamentalismen er den ideologi,

that makes the bed of this terrorism.

der skaber grobunden for terrorisme."

Why is it that people like her, like all of them

Hvordan kan det være, at folk som hende - som alle dem, jeg har nævnt,

are not more well known?

ikke er mere kendte?

Why is it that everyone knows who Osama bin Laden was

Hvorfor ved alle, hvem Osama Bin Laden var,

and so few know of all of those

og kun få kender til alle dem,

standing up to the bin Ladens in their own contexts.

der modsatte sig verdens Bin Laden'er i deres egen kontekst.

We must change that, and so I ask you

Vi må ændre dette billede, og derfor beder jeg jer

to please help share these stories

om at dele disse fortællinger

through your networks.

gennem jeres netværk.

Look again at Amel Zenoune's watch,

Tag endnu et kig på Amel Zenounes ur,

forever frozen,

der for evigt er stoppet med at gå,

and now please look at your own watch

og så se på jeres eget ur,

and decide this is the moment that you commit

og beslut jer for, at dette er det tidspunkt,

to supporting people like Amel.

hvor vi skal støtte folk som Amel.

We don't have the right to be silent about them

Vi har ikke ret til at tie omkring dem,

because it is easier

bare fordi det er nemmere,

or because Western policy is flawed as well,

eller fordi den vestlige politik er fejlslagen.

because 5:17 is still coming

For klokken slår 17.17

to too many Amel Zenounes

for alt for mange Amel Zenoune'er

in places like northern Nigeria,

på steder som det nordlige Nigeria,

where jihadis still kill students.

hvor jihadier stadig dræber studerende.

The time to speak up in support of all of those

Det er tid til højlydt at støtte alle dem,

who peacefully challenge fundamentalism

som udfordrer fundamentalismen

and terrorism in their own communities

og terrorismen med fred i deres egne samfund.

is now.

Det er nu.

Thank you.

Tak!

(Applause)

(Bifald)