Karima Bennoune: The side of terrorism that doesn't make headlines

翻译人员: Wei Wu 校对人员: Yixian Wang

Could I protect my father

我能否仅凭一把水果刀保护我的父亲,

from the Armed Islamic Group with a paring knife?

免受伊斯兰武装组织的伤害?

That was the question I faced

这就是1993年六月一个周二的早上,

one Tuesday morning in June of 1993,

当我还是一名法学院学生时

when I was a law student.

面临的问题。

I woke up early that morning

那天早上在父亲的公寓

in Dad's apartment

我醒的很早

on the outskirts of Algiers, Algeria,

那是在阿尔及利亚的阿尔及尔市的郊外，

to an unrelenting pounding on the front door.

门外响起了用力的敲门声。

It was a season as described by a local paper

那是一个被当地报刊描述为

when every Tuesday a scholar fell

每个周二都有一名学者

to the bullets of fundamentalist assassins.

倒在原教旨主义者枪口之下的季节。

My father's university teaching of Darwin

我父亲在大学的达尔文（进化论）教学

had already provoked a classroom visit

已经惹得所谓的

from the head of the so-called Islamic Salvation Front,

伊斯兰救国阵线头目到访课堂。

who denounced Dad as an advocate of biologism

在父亲将他驱逐出课堂前，

before Dad had ejected the man,

他公然抨击父亲为生物主义的倡导者.

and now whoever was outside

而现在门外的这个人，

would neither identify himself nor go away.

既不说自己是谁，也不离开。

So my father tried to get the police on the phone,

所以我的父亲打电话报警，

but perhaps terrified by the rising tide

但是可能被这些已经害死了

of armed extremism that had already claimed

这么多阿尔及利亚官员的武装极端分子

the lives of so many Algerian officers,

不断高涨的势力所恐吓，

they didn't even answer.

警察们甚至没有接起电话。

And that was when I went to the kitchen,

就是那个时候，我走进厨房，

got out a paring knife,

拿起一把水果刀，

and took up a position inside the entryway.

挡在了门厅过道上。

It was a ridiculous thing to do, really,

这其实很可笑，真的，

but I couldn't think of anything else,

但是我想不出还能做什么了，

and so there I stood.

所以我就站在那里。

When I look back now, I think that that was the moment

如今当我回想起那个场景，我认为

that set me on the path was to writing a book

就是那个时候我想要写一本书，叫做：

called "Your Fatwa Does Not Apply Here:

《你的圣令（Fatwa）在此无效：

Untold Stories from the Fight Against Muslim Fundamentalism."

未曾公开的与穆斯林原教旨主义抗争的故事》

The title comes from a Pakistani play.

这个标题来自于一出巴基斯坦剧本。

I think it was actually that moment

我认为实际上正是那一刻

that sent me on the journey

让我踏上一段旅程

to interview 300 people of Muslim heritage

去采访了来自近30个国家的

from nearly 30 countries,

300名穆斯林，

from Afghanistan to Mali,

从阿富汗到马里，

to find out how they fought fundamentalism

他们是如何和平抗争原教旨主义的

peacefully like my father did,

就像我父亲做的那样

and how they coped with the attendant risks.

还有他们是如何应对挥之不去的生命威胁。

Luckily, back in June of 1993,

很幸运的，1993年六月那次

our unidentified visitor went away,

门外的身份不明的到访者最终离开了，

but other families were so much less lucky,

但是其他的家庭远没有那么幸运，

and that was the thought that motivated my research.

也正是这个想法激发了我的研究。

In any case, someone would return

无论哪种情况，几个月之后

a few months later and leave a note

都会有人在我父亲的餐桌上

on Dad's kitchen table,

留下一张这样的纸条，

which simply said, "Consider yourself dead."

只有一句“当作你已经死了”。

Subsequently, Algeria's fundamentalist armed groups

随后， 阿尔及利亚的原教旨武装组织

would murder as many as 200,000 civilians

在二十世纪九零年代

in what came to be known

谋杀了超过二十万名平民

as the dark decade of the 1990s,

成为名副其实的黑暗十年，

including every single one

受害者包括现在大屏幕上

of the women that you see here.

你看到的每一位女性。

In its harsh counterterrorist response,

当国家开始粗暴的反击

the state resorted to torture

使用刑讯逼供等手段打击恐怖主义

and to forced disappearances,

（很多人）未经审判就“突然消失”，

and as terrible as all of these events became,

当这可怕的一切发生的时候，

the international community largely ignored them.

国际社会在很大程度上忽略了他们。

Finally, my father, an Algerian peasant's son turned professor,

最终，我那从阿尔及利亚农民家庭 成长为教授的父亲，

was forced to stop teaching at the university

被迫停止的在大学的任职

and to flee his apartment,

并逃出了他的公寓

but what I will never forget

但是我永远无法忘记

about Mahfoud Bennoune, my dad,

Mahfoud Bennoune, 我的父亲

was that like so many other Algerian intellectuals,

就像其他诸多阿尔及利亚知识分子一样，

he refused to leave the country

他拒绝离开他的祖国

and he continued to publish pointed criticisms,

并且他继续出版尖锐的评论

both of the fundamentalists

既有针对原教旨主义的，

and sometimes of the government they battled.

有时也有针对与他们作战的政府的

For example, in a November 1994 series

比如说，在1994年11月期间

in the newspaper El Watan

在名为《El Watan》报纸上

entitled "How Fundamentalism

标题为“ 原教旨主义何以孕育恐怖主义，

Produced a Terrorism without Precedent,"

与传统文化背道而驰。”

he denounced what he called

他谴责了被他称之为

the terrorists' radical break with the true Islam

恐怖主义者与我们祖先倡导的

as it was lived by our ancestors.

真正穆斯林之间的的本质区别。

These were words that could get you killed.

这些言论足以让你丧命。

My father's country taught me

在九十年代的黑暗十年，

in that dark decade of the 1990s that

我父亲的祖国教会了我

the popular struggle against Muslim fundamentalism

与穆斯林原教旨主义的普遍抗争

is one of the most important

是世界上最重要的

and overlooked human rights struggles

也最被忽略的

人权运动之一。

in the world.

This remains true today, nearly 20 years later.

这在将近20年后的今天依然是真的

You see, in every country

你看，在每一个你听说

where you hear about armed jihadis

武装圣战分子（吉哈德）

targeting civilians,

袭击平民的国家里，

there are also unarmed people

都有赤手空拳的大众

defying those militants that you don't hear about,

在反抗那些你没有听说过的激进分子

and those people need our support to succeed.

他们需要我们的支持, 以取得成功。

In the West, it's often assumed

西方世界普遍认为

that Muslims generally condone terrorism.

穆斯林对恐怖主义是容忍的.

Some on the right think this because they view

有些右翼分子这样认为是因为

Muslim culture as inherently violent,

他们将穆斯林文化看做是固有暴力的（文化）

and some on the left imagine this

一些左翼分子这样想则是因为

because they view Muslim violence,

他们将穆斯林的暴力

fundamentalist violence,

原教旨主义者的暴力

solely as a product of legitimate grievances.

全都看做是合法的申诉

But both views are dead wrong.

但是这两种观点都是致命的错误

In fact, many people of Muslim heritage

事实上，全世界许多穆斯林传统 的人们

around the world are staunch opponents

都是原教旨主义和恐怖主义的

both of fundamentalism and of terrorism,

坚定反对者

and often for very good reason.

并且有着非常好的理由

You see, they're much more likely to be victims

你们看，他们更像是这些暴力事件的受害者

of this violence than its perpetrators.

而并非行凶者

Let me just give you one example.

让我来举一个例子

According to a 2009 survey

根据一个2009年的调查

of Arabic language media resources,

基于阿拉伯语媒体的报道

between 2004 and 2008,

在2004年至2008年间

no more than 15 percent of al Qaeda's victims

仅仅有15%的基地组织受害者

were Westerners.

是西方人.

That's a terrible toll, but the vast majority

这(也)很可怕，但是绝大部分

were people of Muslim heritage,

被穆斯林原教旨主义者杀害的人

killed by Muslim fundamentalists.

是穆斯林人自己.

Now I've been talking for the last five minutes

现在我已经讲了五分钟

about fundamentalism, and you have a right to know

关于原教旨主义，你们有权利明确地知道

exactly what I mean.

我说的意思

I cite the definition given by the Algerian sociologist

我引用了阿尔及利亚社会学家

Marieme Helie Lucas,

Marieme Helie Lucas 给出的定义

and she says that fundamentalisms,

她说原教旨主义们

note the "s," so within all of the world's

注意这个“们”， 所以在世界上所有的

great religious traditions,

伟大的宗教传统里

"fundamentalisms are political movements of the extreme right

“原教旨主义是极端权利的政治运动

which in a context of globalization

在全球化操控宗教的背景下

manipulate religion in order to achieve

为了达到

their political aims."

他们的政治目的”

Sadia Abbas has called this the radical politicization

Sadia Abbas 将此称为

of theology.

激进的宗教体系政治化

Now I want to avoid projecting the notion

现在我想避免表达一个概念

that there's sort of a monolith out there

那就是有一块被称为穆斯林原教旨主义的巨石

called Muslim fundamentalism that is the same everywhere,

它在任何地方都一样

because these movements also have their diversities.

因为这些运动同样也有它们 自身的差异

Some use and advocate violence.

有些使用并提倡暴力

Some do not, though they're often interrelated.

有些没有，尽管它们通常是相互关联的

They take different forms.

它们采取了不同的形式

Some may be non-governmental organizations,

有些可能是非政府组织

even here in Britain like Cageprisoners.

甚至在英国也有 Cageprisoners 这样的组织.

Some may become political parties,

有些可能是政治党派

like the Muslim Brotherhood,

比如穆斯林兄弟会

and some may be openly armed groups

还有些可能是公开武装的组织

like the Taliban.

比如塔利班

But in any case, these are all radical projects.

但是无论如何，这些都是激进的计划

They're not conservative or traditional approaches.

它们不是保守的或者传统的方法

They're most often about changing people's relationship with Islam

它们大多是有关于改变人们 与穆斯林之间的关系

rather than preserving it.

而不是保护（这种关系）

What I am talking about is the Muslim extreme right,

我现在谈的是穆斯林极右势力

and the fact that its adherents are

而这种极右势力

or purport to be Muslim

由于依附于穆斯林存在

makes them no less offensive

使得它们相对于其它极右势力

than the extreme right anywhere else.

显得并没有那么的极端.

So in my view, if we consider ourselves

因此我认为，如果我们将自己看成

liberal or left-wing,

自由主义者或者左翼分子

human rights-loving or feminist,

人权拥护者或者男女平等主义者

we must oppose these movements

我们必须反对这些运动

and support their grassroots opponents.

并且支持他们的草根反对者.

Now let me be clear

我要明确一点,

that I support an effective struggle

我支持一种针对原教旨主义的

against fundamentalism,

有力地反抗,

but also a struggle that must itself

但是这种反抗本身同时也必须

respect international law,

尊重国际法,

so nothing I am saying should be taken

所以我所说的一切都不应该

as a justification for refusals

被认为是一种拒绝民主的

to democratize,

辩护理由.

and here I send out a shout-out of support

并且在这里我发出呐喊

to the pro-democracy movement in Algeria today, Barakat.

支持今天在阿尔及利亚的巴拉卡特的民主运动.

Nor should anything I say be taken

我说的任何话也不应该被认为

as a justification of violations of human rights,

是侵犯人权的辩护理由.

like the mass death sentences

就像这周早些时候，

handed out in Egypt earlier this week.

在埃及集中实行的死刑.

But what I am saying

我想要强调的是

is that we must challenge these Muslim fundamentalist movements

我们必须挑战 这些穆斯林原教旨主义者的运动

because they threaten human rights

因为他们威胁了人权

across Muslim-majority contexts,

在穆斯林占人口大多数的环境下

and they do this in a range of ways,

并且他们采用各种方法侵犯人权.

most obviously with the direct attacks on civilians

最明显地是由武装组织

by the armed groups that carry those out.

直接袭击平民

But that violence is just the tip of the iceberg.

但是这种暴力行为只不过是冰山一角

These movements as a whole purvey discrimination

这些行动整体上提供了对于

against religious minorities and sexual minorities.

宗教少数以及性别少数的歧视

They seek to curtail the freedom of religion

他们想要剥夺宗教自由的权利

of everyone who either practices in a different way

对于每一个以不同形式实施的

or chooses not to practice.

或者选择不去实施的人

And most definingly, they lead an all-out war

最典型的是，他们在女性权利上

on the rights of women.

领导一场毫无保留的战争

Now, faced with these movements

现在，面对这些运动

in recent years, Western discourse

在近几年里，西方媒体及民众

has most often offered

最常见的两个见解

two flawed responses.

都不是正确的。

The first that one sometimes finds on the right

第一个是，站在右翼角度

suggests that most Muslims are fundamentalist

表明大多数穆斯林是原教旨主义

or something about Islam is inherently fundamentalist,

或者关于穆斯林的有些东西 是本身内在的原教旨主义

and this is just offensive and wrong,

这个观点具有攻击性而且是错的

but unfortunately on the left one sometimes encounters

但不幸的是在左翼角度， 一个人可能会碰到一种论述

a discourse that is too politically correct

这种论述太过于政治上正确

to acknowledge the problem of Muslim fundamentalism at all

以至于一点儿也不承认穆斯林原教旨主义的问题

or, even worse, apologizes for it,

或者，更有甚者，为此道歉

and this is unacceptable as well.

这也是不能被接受的

So what I'm seeking is a new way

所以我要寻找的是一种新的方法

of talking about this all together,

来一起谈论所有这些

which is grounded in the lived experiences

这种方法来自于实际经验

and the hope of the people on the front lines.

并且基于前线人民的希望

I'm painfully aware that there has been

我痛苦地意识到

an increase in discrimination against Muslims in recent years

近些年对于穆斯林的歧视在增加

in countries like the U.K. and the U.S.,

在像英国或者美国这些国家

and that too is a matter of grave concern,

而且这也是一个重大的焦点

but I firmly believe

但是我坚信

that telling these counter-stereotypical stories

讲述这些反抗原教旨主义

of people of Muslim heritage

并且成为主要受害者的

who have confronted the fundamentalists

穆斯林传统人士的

and been their primary victims

非老一套的故事

is also a great way of countering that discrimination.

也是反对这种歧视的一个很棒的方法

So now let me introduce you

所以现在请让我给大家介绍

to four people whose stories

四个人，他们的故事

I had the great honor of telling.

让我怀着莫大的荣幸来讲述

Faizan Peerzada and the Rafi Peer Theatre

Faizan Peerzada 和以他父亲命名的

workshop named for his father

Rafi Peer 戏剧讲习班

have for years promoted the performing arts

多年来一直在巴基斯坦

in Pakistan.

推广表演艺术

With the rise of jihadist violence,

随着圣战分子暴力行为的增加

they began to receive threats

他们开始收到电话威胁

to call off their events, which they refused to heed.

要求他们取消活动，他们对此不予理睬

And so a bomber struck their 2008

因此他们在08年第八届拉哈尔世界表演艺术节上 遭到一颗炸弹袭击

eighth world performing arts festival in Lahore,

producing rain of glass

碎玻璃如雨落下

that fell into the venue

砸在活动场地上

injuring nine people,

伤到了9个人

and later that same night,

在同一天晚上晚些时候

the Peerzadas made a very difficult decision:

Peerzadas 做出了一项十分艰难的决定

they announced that their festival

他们宣布

would continue as planned the next day.

艺术节将在原计划的第二天继续举行

As Faizan said at the time,

正如 Faizan 那时所说的

if we bow down to the Islamists,

如果我们向伊斯兰教徒鞠躬哈腰

we'll just be sitting in a dark corner.

那我们将不见天日

But they didn't know what would happen.

但是他们不知道将会发生什么

Would anyone come?

还会有人出现么？

In fact, thousands of people came out the next day

而实际上， 成千上万的人在随后一天出现在活动上

to support the performing arts in Lahore,

来支持拉哈尔表演艺术

and this simultaneously thrilled

而这同时振奋

and terrified Faizan,

并吓到了Faizan

and he ran up to a woman

他径直跑向一名

who had come in with her two small children,

带着自己两个孩子一同前往艺术节的妇女

and he said, "You do know there was a bomb here yesterday,

他说：你是知道昨天这里有炸弹袭击

and you do know there's a threat here today."

你也知道这里今天这里会遭到威胁，对吧

And she said, "I know that,

然后她说：我知道

but I came to your festival

但是我曾在小时候

with my mother when I was their age,

和我母亲来到过你的艺术节

and I still have those images in my mind.

我现在依然还存留着那些记忆

We have to be here."

我们必须过来

With stalwart audiences like this,

有着像这样坚定的观众

the Peerzadas were able to conclude

使得 Peerzadas 家族能够

their festival on schedule.

如期为他们的艺术节画上句号

And then the next year,

然后在之后的一年

they lost all of their sponsors

他们失去了所有的赞助者

due to the security risk.

由于安全风险

So when I met them in 2010,

所以当我2010年见到他们时

they were in the middle of the first subsequent event

他们正在准备一个后续活动

that they were able to have in the same venue,

这个活动将在同一地点举行

and this was the ninth youth performing arts festival

即第九届青少年表演艺术节

held in Lahore in a year when that city

它在拉哈尔举办

had already experienced 44 terror attacks.

那一年这个城市 已经遭受了44次恐怖袭击

This was a time when the Pakistani Taliban

那时正值巴基斯坦塔利班开始

had commenced their systematic targeting

将女子学校作为系统目标

of girls' schools that would culminate

这将在对马拉拉的袭击中

in the attack on Malala Yousafzai.

达到高潮

What did the Peerzadas do in that environment?

那Peerzadas家族在那种环境下 做了什么呢？

They staged girls' school theater.

他们筹划了女子学校的演出

So I had the privilege of watching "Naang Wal,"

我获得了观看”Naang Wal"的特权

which was a musical in the Punjabi language,

这是一部旁遮普语的音乐剧

and the girls of Lahore Grammar School

来自拉哈尔语法学校的女孩们

played all the parts.

出演了整部音乐剧

They sang and danced,

她们又唱又跳

they played the mice and the water buffalo,

他们扮演老鼠和水牛

and I held my breath, wondering,

我屏息凝神，心里想着

would we get to the end

我们是否

of this amazing show?

会看完这部精彩演出？

And when we did, the whole audience

当我们看完的时候

collectively exhaled,

所有观众集体松了一口气

and a few people actually wept,

有些人其实都在哭泣

and then they filled the auditorium

之后他们平静的隆隆掌声

with the peaceful boom of their applause.

响彻整个礼堂

And I remember thinking in that moment

我记得在那一刻，我在想

that the bombers made headlines here

两年前

two years before

投弹者在这里制造了头条新闻

but this night and these people

而今夜，这些人们

are as important a story.

和一个故事一样重要

Maria Bashir is the first and only

Maria Bashir 是第一位也是唯一一位

woman chief prosecutor in Afghanistan.

阿富汗女性首席检察官

She's been in the post since 2008

她从2008开始就担任此职

and actually opened an office to investigate

并且建立了一个办公室

cases of violence against women,

调查针对女性的暴力犯罪

which she says is the most important area

她自己说这是她任期内

in her mandate.

最重要的事情

When I meet her in her office in Herat,

当我去她在 Herat 的办公室见她，

she enters surrounded by

她被四个保镖保护着

four large men with four huge guns.

保镖都全副武装。

In fact, she now has 23 bodyguards,

事实上，她有23名保镖，

because she has weathered bomb attacks

因为她已经经历过一次炸弹袭击

that nearly killed her kids,

她的孩子险些丧命，

and it took the leg off of one of her guards.

一名保镖的腿被炸飞了。

Why does she continue?

为何她要坚持下去？

She says with a smile that that is the question

她微笑着说，这个问题其实

that everyone asks—

每个人都问过

as she puts it, "Why you risk not living?"

就象她说的那样， “你为什么要冒生命危险？”

And it is simply that for her,

对于她而言这个答案很简单，

a better future for all the Maria Bashirs to come

为了跟她一样的女性能够有一个更好的未来，

is worth the risk,

这个风险冒得值得

and she knows that if people like her

而且她知道，如果她这样的人

do not take the risk,

不去担起这份风险，

there will be no better future.

未来一定不会比现在更好。

Later on in our interview,

在我们采访的后期，

Prosecutor Bashir tells me how worried she is

Bashir 检察官跟我说

about the possible outcome

她现在很担心

of government negotiations with the Taliban,

政府在跟塔利班谈判，

the people who have been trying to kill her.

后者一直想要暗杀她。

"If we give them a place in the government,"

“如果塔利班在政府中占了一席之地，”

she asks, "Who will protect women's rights?"

她问道，“谁来保护妇女的权利？”

And she urges the international community

而且她敦促国际社会

not to forget its promise about women

不要因为想要跟塔利班和谈

because now they want peace with Taliban.

就忘记了保障妇女权利的承诺

A few weeks after I leave Afghanistan,

在我离开阿富汗的几周后，

I see a headline on the Internet.

我在网上看到一条突发消息。

An Afghan prosecutor has been assassinated.

一名阿富汗检察官被暗杀了。

I google desperately,

我发疯的在网上搜索，

and thankfully that day I find out

谢天谢地我最终发现

that Maria was not the victim,

遇害的不是 Maria，

though sadly, another Afghan prosecutor

虽然很悲痛的，另一位检察官

was gunned down on his way to work.

倒在了他上班的路上。

And when I hear headlines like that now,

现在当我听到类似这样的新闻，

I think that as international troops

我会想到从今年开始，

leave Afghanistan this year and beyond,

多国部队会陆续撤出阿富汗，

we must continue to care

我们必须继续关心

about what happens to people there,

阿富汗人民的安全，

to all of the Maria Bashirs.

继续关心所有像 Maria Bashirs 这样的人安全。

Sometimes I still hear her voice in my head

有时候我会回想起她的话

saying, with no bravado whatsoever,

平淡朴实的话，

"The situation of the women of Afghanistan

“阿富汗妇女的生存环境”

will be better someday.

“终有一天会好起来。”

We should prepare the ground for this,

“我们要为这一天的到来努力，”

even if we are killed."

“即使我们可能会被杀掉。”

There are no words adequate

我找不到合适的词汇

to denounce the al Shabaab terrorists

来谴责伊斯兰青年军恐怖组织

who attacked the Westgate Mall in Nairobi

他们在2013年9月袭击了肯尼亚首都

on the same day as a children's cooking competition

内罗比的西门购物中心，那天那里正在举行

in September of 2013.

儿童厨艺比赛

They killed 67, including poets and pregnant women.

67人被杀，包括诗人和孕妇。

Far away in the American Midwest,

在千里之外的美国中西部，

I had the good fortune of meeting Somali-Americans

我很幸运地见到了一些索马里裔美国人

who were working to counter the efforts of al Shabaab

他们当时正在努力阻止伊斯兰青年军

to recruit a small number of young people

从他们所在的明尼阿波里斯市

from their city of Minneapolis

招募一些年轻人

to take part in atrocities like Westgate.

参与到类似四门购物中心的惨剧。

Abdirizak Bihi's studious

Abdirizak Bihi 的侄子

17-year-old nephew Burhan Hassan

17岁勤奋刻苦的 Burhan Hassan

was recruited here in 2008,

2008年的时候被招募，

spirited to Somalia,

被带到索马里，

and then killed when he tried to come home.

在他尝试逃回家的时候被杀。

Since that time, Mr. Bihi,

从那时起， Bihi先生

who directs the no-budget Somali Education and Advocacy Center,

当时正在管理着没有预算的索马里教育和促进中心，

has been vocally denouncing the recruitment

开始公开地谴责这种招募行径

and the failures of government

斥责政府的无能

and Somali-American institutions

斥责在美国的索马里机构

like the Abubakar As-Saddique Islamic Center

例如 Abubakar As-Saddique 伊斯兰中心，

where he believes his nephew was radicalized

他相信他的侄子就是在这个中心的

during a youth program.

青年计划中被洗脑的。

But he doesn't just criticize the mosque.

但是他不仅仅谴责了宗教组织。

He also takes on the government

他还把矛头指向了政府，

for its failure to do more

因为他们没有能够

to prevent poverty in his community.

带领他所在的社区脱贫。

Given his own lack of financial resources,

因为 Bihi 先生自己也是超穷的，

Mr. Bihi has had to be creative.

他必须拿出点新的想法来。

To counter the efforts of al Shabaab

为了阻止伊斯兰青年军

to sway more disaffected youth,

招募更多的愤怒的青年，

in the wake of the group's 2010 attack

在该组织2010年袭击了

on World Cup viewers in Uganda,

乌干达的世界杯观众之后，

he organized a Ramadan basketball tournament

他迅速地在明尼阿波里斯市组织了一场

in Minneapolis in response.

斋月篮球锦标赛作为回应。

Scores of Somali-American kids came out

许多索马里裔美国小孩

to embrace sport

不顾宗教禁忌

despite the fatwa against it.

加入到这场体育中来。

They played basketball

他们在玩的篮球

as Burhan Hassan never would again.

是 Burhan Hassan 再也无法触及的。

For his efforts, Mr. Bihi has been ostracized

因为他的这些行为，他被

by the leadership of the Abubakar As-Saddique Islamic Center,

Abubakar As-Saddique 伊斯兰中心的领袖斥责，

with which he used to have good relations.

他们曾经保持着良好的关系。

He told me, "One day we saw the imam on TV

他告诉我，“有一天我们在电视上看到伊玛目， （译注，清真寺内率众作礼拜的领袖）

calling us infidels and saying,

称我们是异教徒，并且说，

'These families are trying to destroy the mosque.'"

‘这些家庭想要毁掉穆斯林。’”

This is at complete odds

对于 Abdirizak Bihi 来说，

with how Abdirizak Bihi understands

这些话彻头彻尾的无法理解

what he is trying to do

因为他正在做的

by exposing al Shabaab recruitment,

是将伊斯兰青年党的招募计划暴露出来，

which is to save the religion I love

为的是能够阻止一小撮极端分子

from a small number of extremists.

破坏我所热爱的宗教。

Now I want to tell one last story,

现在我想跟你们说最后一个故事，

that of a 22-year-old law student in Algeria

一个阿尔及利亚的22岁法学院学生

named Amel Zenoune-Zouani

名叫 Amel Zenoune-Zouani

who had the same dreams of a legal career

她有着跟90年代的我

that I did back in the '90s.

一样的律师梦。

She refused to give up her studies,

她没有放弃学业，

despite the fact that the fundamentalists

虽然原教义主义者

battling the Algerian state back then

已经占领了阿尔及利亚首都

threatened all who continued their education.

威胁着所有坚持学业的人的安全。

On January 26, 1997, Amel boarded the bus

1997年1月26日， 在首都阿尔及尔求学的 Amel

in Algiers where she was studying

坐上了一辆回家的公交车

to go home and spend a Ramadan evening

与家人一起

with her family,

过斋月，

and would never finish law school.

从此再也没有能够完成学业。

When the bus reached the outskirts

当公交车到了郊外

of her hometown, it was stopped

靠近她家的地方，

at a checkpoint manned by men

被伊斯兰武装人员设立的检查站

from the Armed Islamic Group.

拦截了下来。

Carrying her schoolbag,

因为带着书包，

Amel was taken off the bus

Amel 被从车上拽了下来

and killed in the street.

当街被杀死。

The men who cut her throat

割断她喉咙的那个人

then told everyone else,

告诉其他的乘客，

"If you go to university,

“如果你们再去大学，

the day will come when we will kill all of you

总有一天我们会杀掉你们，

just like this."

就像她一样。”

Amel died at exactly 5:17 p.m.,

Amel 死于下午5点17分，

which we know because when she fell in the street,

我们之所以知道，是因为当她摔倒在街上的时候

her watch broke.

她的手表碎了。

Her mother showed me the watch

她的妈妈给我看了这块手表

with the second hand still aimed

手表的秒表依然是

optimistically upward

乐观的指着上方

towards a 5:18 that would never come.

指向不会到来的5点18分。

Shortly before her death,

就在她死前几天，

Amel had said to her mother of herself

Amel 还在跟她的妈妈

and her sisters,

和她的姐姐说，

"Nothing will happen to us, Inshallah, God willing,

“一切都会好起来的，印沙安拉，真主保佑 （译注：印沙安拉是穆斯林用语，意为“如果安拉允许的话”或“如蒙天佑”）

but if something happens,

但是如果真有不测

you must know that we are dead for knowledge.

我们要记住，我们是为求知而死。

You and father must keep your heads held high."

你们，还有父亲，要骄傲的活下去。

The loss of such a young woman is unfathomable,

这位年轻女性的死，影响是十分深远的，

and so as I did my research

当我从事我的研究时

I found myself searching for Amel's hope again

我发现自己在寻找的，正是Amel的希望，

and her name even means "hope" in Arabic.

而她的名字（Amel）在阿拉伯语中就是“希望”的代名词。

I think I found it in two places.

我想我在两个地方发现了她的存在。

The first is in the strength of her family

首先来自于她的家庭所具备的勇气，

and all the other families to continue telling their stories

以及所有在这种环境下坚持表达自己观点

and to go on with their lives despite the terrorism.

即使有恐怖主义威胁也要坚持自己生活的家庭。

In fact, Amel's sister Lamia overcame her grief,

事实上 Amel 的妹妹 Lamia 从悲痛中走了出来，

went to law school,

也去读了法学院，

and practices as a lawyer in Algiers today,

而且现在成为阿尔及尔的一名律师，

something which is only possible

这样的事情发生，

because the armed fundamentalists

是因为原教义武装力量

were largely defeated in the country.

在全国范围内被击退了。

And the second place I found Amel's hope

第二个我发现Amel的希望存在的地方

was everywhere that women and men

是那些在各地继续抵抗吉哈德的

continue to defy the jihadis.

男人和女人们。

We must support all of those in honor of Amel

我们必须要支持这些以实际行动

who continue this human rights struggle today,

向Amel致敬的人权斗士们

like the Network of Women Living Under Muslim Laws.

像是“穆斯林法制下的妇女联盟”这样的团体

It is not enough, as the victims rights advocate

这些还不够，正如 Cherifa Kheddar，

Cherifa Kheddar told me in Algiers,

关注阿尔及尔受害者权益促进的人告诉我的那样，

it is not enough just to battle terrorism.

打击恐怖主义远远不够。

We must also challenge fundamentalism,

我们必须挑战原教义主义，

because fundamentalism is the ideology

因为原教义主义的信条

that makes the bed of this terrorism.

是恐怖主义的温床。

Why is it that people like her, like all of them

为什么向她这样的人，以上这些人，

are not more well known?

都很少有人知晓？

Why is it that everyone knows who Osama bin Laden was

为什么每个人都知道奥萨马·本·拉登是谁

and so few know of all of those

却很少有人知道这些人

standing up to the bin Ladens in their own contexts.

这些在他们自己的生活中抵抗本·拉登的人。

We must change that, and so I ask you

我们必须改变，所以我请求你

to please help share these stories

通过你的朋友圈，你的网络

through your networks.

分享这些故事。

Look again at Amel Zenoune's watch,

再看一眼 Amel Zenoune 的手表，

forever frozen,

永远的停在那里，

and now please look at your own watch

现在请看看你自己的手表

and decide this is the moment that you commit

此刻，请你拿出自己的付出

to supporting people like Amel.

帮助Amel这样的人。

We don't have the right to be silent about them

我们并没有权利保持沉默，

because it is easier

尽管这样会更轻松，

or because Western policy is flawed as well,

也不能因为西方世界的政策也同样存在问题（而沉默），

because 5:17 is still coming

因为5点17分这个时刻还会到来

to too many Amel Zenounes

在尼日利亚北部这样的地区

in places like northern Nigeria,

还有太多的 Amel Zenounes，

where jihadis still kill students.

在被吉哈德杀死。

The time to speak up in support of all of those

发出呐喊，支持和帮助那些

who peacefully challenge fundamentalism

以和平手段与原教义主义者和恐怖主义

and terrorism in their own communities

在自己家园进行抗争的人的时机

is now.

就是现在。

Thank you.

谢谢大家。

(Applause)

（掌声）