Stefana Broadbent: How the Internet enables intimacy

Prevodilac: Sandra Gojic Lektor: Ivana Korom

I believe that there are new, hidden tensions

Verujem da trenutno postoje nove, skrivene tenzije

that are actually happening between people and institutions --

koje se javljaju između ljudi i institucija -

institutions that are the institutions that people

onih institucija koje ljudi

inhabit in their daily life:

nastanjuju svakodnevno:

schools, hospitals, workplaces,

škola, bolnica, radnih okruženja,

factories, offices, etc.

fabrika, kancelarija, itd.

And something that I see happening

I vidim da se dešava nešto

is something that I would like to call

što bih volela da nazovem

a sort of "democratization of intimacy."

"demokratizacijom intime".

And what do I mean by that?

Šta mislim pod tim?

I mean that what people are doing

Mislim da ono što ljudi rade

is, in fact, they are sort of, with their communication channels,

zapravo nekako, svojim komunikacionim kanalima,

they are breaking an imposed isolation

probijaju nametnutu izolaciju

that these institutions are imposing on them.

koju im ove institucije nameću.

How are they doing this? They're doing it

Kako oni to rade? Na vrlo

in a very simple way, by calling their mom from work,

jednostavan način, tako što zovu svoju mamu sa posla,

by IMing from their office to their friends,

četuju sa prijateljima, iz kancelarije,

by texting under the desk.

kucaju poruke ispod radnih stolova.

The pictures that you're seeing behind me

Na slikama koje vidite iza mene

are people that I visited in the last few months.

su ljudi koje sam posetila u poslednjih par meseci.

And I asked them to come along with the person they communicate with most.

Zamolila sam ih da dođu sa osobom sa kojom najviše komuniciraju.

And somebody brought a boyfriend, somebody a father.

I neko je doveo momka, a neko oca.

One young woman brought her grandfather.

Jedna mlada žena je dovela svog dedu.

For 20 years, I've been looking at how people use

20 godina posmatram kako ljudi koriste

channels such as email, the mobile phone, texting, etc.

kanale poput imejla, mobilnog telefona, poruka, itd.

What we're actually going to see is that, fundamentally,

Ono što ćemo zapravo videti je da u osnovi,

people are communicating on a regular basis

ljudi redovno komuniciraju

with five, six, seven of their most intimate sphere.

sa pet, šest, sedam svojih najintimnijih sfera.

Now, lets take some data. Facebook.

Sada, hajde da predsatvimo neke podatke. "Fejsbuk".

Recently some sociologists from Facebook --

Nedavno su neki sociolozi sa "Fejsbuka" -

Facebook is the channel that you would expect

"Fejsbuk" je kanal za koji očekujete

is the most enlargening of all channels.

da se od svih najviše širi.

And an average user,

I prosečan korisnik "Fejsbuka",

said Cameron Marlow,

prema Kameronu Marlou,

from Facebook, has about 120 friends.

ima oko 120 prijatelja.

But he actually talks to,

Ali zapravo razgovara,

has two-way exchanges with, about four to six people

ima redovnu dvosmernu razmenu sa otprilike četiri do šest ljudi,

on a regular base, depending on his gender.

u zavisnosti od pola.

Academic research on instant messaging

Naučno istraživanje o trenutnim porukama

also shows 100 people on buddy lists,

takođe pokazuje 100 ljudi na listi prijatelja,

but fundamentally people chat with two, three, four --

ali u osnovi, ljudi četuju sa dvoje, troje, četvoro -

anyway, less than five.

uglavnom, manje od petoro.

My own research on cellphones and voice calls

Moje sopstveno istraživanje o mobilnim telefonima i govornim pozivima

shows that 80 percent of the calls

pokazuje da 80 posto poziva

are actually made to four people. 80 percent.

ide prema četiri osobe. 80 odsto.

And when you go to Skype, it's down to two people.

I kada idete na "Skajp", svede se na dve osobe.

A lot of sociologists actually are quite disappointed.

Mnogi sociolozi su prilično razočarani.

I mean, I've been a bit disappointed sometimes

Mislim, ja sam bila povremeno razočarana

when I saw this data and all this deployment, just for five people.

ovim činjenicama i i primenama, samo petoro ljudi.

And some sociologists actually feel that

I neki sociolozi osećaju da je to

it's a closure, it's a cocooning,

zatvaranje, učaurenje,

that we're disengaging from the public.

da se isključujemo iz javnosti.

And I would actually, I would like to show you that

I ja bih volela da vam pokažem da

if we actually look at who is doing it,

ako zapravo pogledamo ko to radi,

and from where they're doing it,

i odakle to čine,

actually there is an incredible social transformation.

da postoji neverovatna socijalna transformacija.

There are three stories that I think are quite good examples.

Postoje tri priče koje mislim da su dobri primeri.

The first gentleman, he's a baker.

Prvi gospodin je pekar.

And so he starts working every morning at four o'clock in the morning.

I on svakog jutra u četiri počinje sa radom.

And around eight o'clock he sort of sneaks away from his oven,

I negde oko osam sati, on se odšunja od svoje pećnice,

cleans his hands from the flour

očisti svoje brašnjave ruke

and calls his wife.

i pozove svoju ženu.

He just wants to wish her a good day, because that's the start of her day.

Samo želi da joj poželi dobar dan, jer je to početak njenog dana.

And I've heard this story a number of times.

Čula sam ovu priču nebrojeno puta.

A young factory worker who works night shifts,

Mladić radi u fabrici noćnu smenu,

who manages to sneak away from the factory floor,

i uspeva da se izvuče sa radnog mesta,

where there is CCTV by the way,

gde postoje i kamere,

and find a corner, where at 11 o'clock at night

i da pronađe ćošak, gde u 11 sati noću

he can call his girlfriend and just say goodnight.

zove svoju devojku da joj poželi laku noć.

Or a mother who, at four o'clock,

Ili majka koja, u četiri sata,

suddenly manages to find a corner in the toilet

iznenada uspeva da nađe mesto u toaletu

to check that her children are safely home.

i proveri da li su joj deca sigurno stigla kući.

Then there is another couple, there is a Brazilian couple.

Tu je još jedan par, brazilski par.

They've lived in Italy for a number of years.

Dugi niz godina žive u Italiji.

They Skype with their families a few times a week.

Preko "Skajpa" se čuju sa svojim porodicama nekoliko puta nedeljno.

But once a fortnight, they actually put the computer on their dining table,

Ali jednom u dve nedelje stave svoj kompjuter na trpezarijski sto,

pull out the webcam and actually have dinner

uključe web kameru i zapravo večeraju

with their family in Sao Paulo. And they have a big event of it.

sa svojom porodicom u San Paolu. I naprave događaj od toga.

And I heard this story the first time a couple of years ago

Prvi put sam čula ovu priču, pre nekoliko godina,

from a very modest family

od veoma skromne porodice,

of immigrants from Kosovo in Switzerland.

koja je izbegla sa Kosova u Švajcarsku.

They had set up a big screen in their living room,

Postavili su veliki ekran u svojoj dnevnoj sobi.

and every morning they had breakfast with their grandmother.

I svakoga jutra doručkovali su sa svojom bakom.

But Danny Miller, who is a very good anthropologist

Ali Deni Miler, odličan antropolog

who is working on Filipina migrant women

koji radi sa filipinskim migrantkinjama

who leave their children back in the Philippines,

koje su ostavile svoju decu na Filipinima,

was telling me about how much parenting is going on

rekao mi je koliko mnogo roditeljstva se odigrava

through Skype,

preko "Skajpa",

and how much these mothers are engaged with their children through Skype.

i koliko su ove majke povezane sa svojom decom preko "Skajpa".

And then there is the third couple. They are two friends.

I tu je i treći par. Dvoje prijatelja.

They chat to each other every day, a few times a day actually.

Svakodnevno četuju, zapravo više puta tokom dana.

And finally, finally, they've managed to put

I konačno su uspeli da postave

instant messaging on their computers at work.

opciju ćaskanja na svojim kompjuterima na poslu.

And now, obviously, they have it open.

I očigledno, drže je otvorenom.

Whenever they have a moment they chat to each other.

Kad god imaju vremena, četuju jedno s drugim.

And this is exactly what we've been seeing

I upravo je ovo ono što viđamo

with teenagers and kids doing it in school, under the table,

da tinejdžeri i deca rade u školi, ispod stola,

and texting under the table to their friends.

kuckajući svojim prijateljima.

So, none of these cases are unique.

Dakle, ni jedan od ovih slučajeva nije jedinstven.

I mean, I could tell you hundreds of them.

Mislim, mogla bih da vam navedem stotine njih.

But what is really exceptional is the setting.

Ali ono što je zaista izuzetno jeste okruženje.

So, think of the three settings I've talked to you about:

Dakle, mislite o tri okruženja o kojima sam vam govorila:

factory, migration, office.

fabrika, migracija, kancelarija.

But it could be in a school, it could be an administration,

Ali može biti i škola, administracija,

it could be a hospital.

može biti bolnica.

Three settings that, if we just step back 15 years,

Tri okruženja koja, ukoliko se vratimo 15 godina unazad,

if you just think back 15 years,

ako se samo vratite 15 godina unazad,

when you clocked in,

kada ste ušli,

when you clocked in to an office,

kad ste ušli u kancelariju,

when you clocked in to a factory,

fabriku,

there was no contact for the whole duration of the time,

nije postojao kontakt tokom čitavog radnog vremena,

there was no contact with your private sphere.

nije postojao kontakt sa vašom privatnom sferom.

If you were lucky there was a public phone hanging in the corridor or somewhere.

Ukoliko ste imali sreće, postojao je javni telefon u hodniku ili tako negde.

If you were in management, oh, that was a different story.

Ukoliko ste bili u menadžmentu, o, to je bila druga priča.

Maybe you had a direct line.

Možda ste imali direktnu liniju.

If you were not, you maybe had to go through an operator.

Ako niste, možda ste morali da idete preko operatera.

But basically, when you walked into those buildings,

Ali u osnovi, kada ste ušli u te zgrade,

the private sphere was left behind you.

privatna sfera je ostajala iza vas.

And this has become such a norm of our professional lives,

I ovo je postala norma naših profesionalnih života,

such a norm and such an expectation.

važna norma i veliko očekivanje.

And it had nothing to do with technical capability.

I nije imala veze sa tehničkim mogućnostima.

The phones were there. But the expectation was once you moved in there

Postojali su telefoni. Ali očekivalo se da jednom kada uđete u organizaciju,

your commitment was fully to the task at hand,

vaša posvećenost zadatku i ljudima oko vas

fully to the people around you.

bude potpuna.

That was where the focus had to be.

To je morao da bude fokus.

And this has become such a cultural norm

I to je postala takva kulturološka norma

that we actually school our children for them to be capable to do this cleavage.

da zapravo obučavamo našu decu da budu sposobna da naprave taj prelaz.

If you think nursery, kindergarten, first years of school

Ako razmislite, jaslice, vrtić, prve godine u školi,

are just dedicated to take away the children,

sve su posvećene odvajanju dece,

to make them used to staying long hours away from their family.

da nauče da dugo budu odsutna od svoje porodice.

And then the school enacts perfectly well.

A onda škola savršeno glumi,

It mimics perfectly all the rituals that we will find in offices:

oponaša savršeno sve rituale koje ćemo usvojiti u kancelarijama,

rituals of entry, rituals of exit,

rituale ulaska, izlaska,

the schedules, the uniforms in this country,

rasporeda, uniformi u ovoj zemlji,

things that identify you, team-building activities,

stvari koje vas identifikuju, aktivnosti za razvoj timova,

team building that will allow you to basically

razvoj tima koji će vam omogućiti da

be with a random group of kids, or a random group of people

budete sa nasumičnom grupom dece, ljudi

that you will have to be with for a number of time.

sa kojima ćete morati da provodite vreme nebrojeno puta.

And of course, the major thing:

I naravno, velika stvar:

learn to pay attention,

naučiti da održite pažnju,

to concentrate and focus your attention.

da se koncentrišete i usmerite svoju pažnju.

This only started about 150 years ago.

Ovo je počelo pre samo 150 godina.

It only started with the birth of modern bureaucracy,

Počelo je tek sa rođenjem moderne birokratije

and of industrial revolution.

i industrijske revolucije.

When people basically had to go somewhere else to work

Tek kada su ljudi morali da odlaze drugde da rade

and carry out the work.

i da obavljaju posao.

And when with modern bureaucracy there was a very rational approach,

A sa modernom birokratijom pojavio se i racionalan pristup,

where there was a clear distinction between the private sphere

gde je postojala jasna razdvojenost privatne

and the public sphere.

i javne oblasti.

So, until then, basically people were living on top of their trades.

Dakle, do tog trenutka su ljudi živeli iznad svojih zanata.

They were living on top of the land they were laboring.

Živeli su na imanju na kojem su radili.

They were living on top of the workshops where they were working.

Iznad radionica u kojima su radili.

And if you think, it's permeated our whole culture,

I ako razmislite, to se probilo na našu celokupnu kulturu,

even our cities.

čak i naše gradove.

If you think of medieval cities, medieval cities the boroughs

Ako se setite srednjevekovnih gradova i opština,

all have the names of the guilds and professions that lived there.

svi imaju nazive esnafa i zanata koji su u njima postojali.

Now we have sprawling residential suburbias

Sada imamo razuđena naseljena predgrađa

that are well distinct from production areas

koja se dobro razlikuju od industrijske zone

and commercial areas.

i komercijalnih područja.

And actually, over these 150 years,

Ustvari, tokom tih 150 godina,

there has been a very clear class system that also has emerged.

postojao je vrlo jasno razvijen klasni sistem.

So the lower the status of the job

Dakle, što niži status u poslu

and of the person carrying out, the more removed

jedna osoba ima, to više se sklanja

he would be from his personal sphere.

iz svoje privatne oblasti.

People have taken this amazing possibility

Ljudi su iskoristili ovu neverovatnu mogućnost

of actually being in contact all through the day

da budu u kontaktu tokom čitavog dana

or in all types of situations.

ili u bilo kojoj situaciji.

And they are doing it massively.

I ljudi to čine masovno.

The Pew Institute, which produces good data

"Pju" (Pew) Institut, koji obrađuje informacije

on a regular basis on, for instance, in the States,

na dnevnoj bazi, na primer, u Americi,

says that -- and I think that this number is conservative --

kaže da - i mislim da je ovaj broj konzervativan -

50 percent of anybody with email access at work

50 posto svih koji imaju pristup imejlu na poslu,

is actually doing private email from his office.

ustvari šalju privante mejlove iz svoje kancelarije.

I really think that the number is conservative.

Stvarno mislim da je ovaj broj zastareo.

In my own research, we saw that the peak for private email

U mom sopstvenom istraživanju, videli smo da je vrhunac slanja privatnih imejlova

is actually 11 o'clock in the morning, whatever the country.

obično oko 11 sati ujutru, u bilo kojoj zemlji.

75 percent of people admit doing private

75 odsto ljudi priznaje da ima privatne

conversations from work on their mobile phones.

razgovore tokom radnog vremena preko svog mobilnog telefona.

100 percent are using text.

100 posto ljudi koristi SMS.

The point is that this re-appropriation of the personal sphere

Poenta je da ovo ponovno prisvajanje lične sfere

is not terribly successful with all institutions.

nije toliko uspešno u svim institucijama.

I'm always surprised the U.S. Army

Uvek se iznenadim kad sociolozi

sociologists are discussing of the impact

američke vojske raspravljaju o uticaju,

for instance, of soldiers in Iraq

na primer, vojnika u Iraku koji

having daily contact with their families.

imaju svakodnevni kontakt sa svojim porodicama.

But there are many institutions that are actually blocking this access.

Ali postoje mnoge institucije koje ustvari blokiraju ovakav pristup.

And every day, every single day,

Svakog dana

I read news that makes me cringe,

čitam vesti zbog kojih se trgnem,

like a $15 fine

npr kažnjavanje dece sa 15 dolara

to kids in Texas,

u Teksasu,

for using, every time they take out their mobile phone in school.

za korićenje mobilnih, svaki put kad ih koriste u školi.

Immediate dismissal to bus drivers in New York,

Trenutno otpuštanje vozača autobusa u Nju Jorku,

if seen with a mobile phone in a hand.

ako su uhvaćeni sa mobilnim u ruci.

Companies blocking access to IM or to Facebook.

Kompanije blokiraju pristup "IM-u" ili "Fejsbuku".

Behind issues of security and safety,

Pored problema sigurnosti i bezbednosti,

which have always been the arguments for social control,

koji su oduvek argumenti za socijlanu kontrolu,

in fact what is going on is that

ustvari ono što se dešava je

these institutions are trying to decide

da ove institucije pokušavaju da odluče

who, in fact, has a right to self determine their attention,

ko, ustvari, ima pravo da odredi sopstvenu pažnju,

to decide, whether they should, or not, be isolated.

da odluči, da li treba ili ne da bude izolovan.

And they are actually trying to block, in a certain sense,

I ustvari pokušavaju da blokiraju, u određenom smislu,

this movement of a greater possibility of intimacy.

ovaj pokret za veću mogućnost intimnosti.