Catherine Bracy: Why good hackers make good citizens

Prevodilac: Anca Dimovska Lektor: Miloš Milosavljević

I'm going to talk about hackers.

Pričaću vam o hakerima.

And the image that comes to your mind

Ono što vam pada na pamet

when I say that word is probably not

kada kažem tu reč, verovatno nije

of Benjamin Franklin,

slika Bendžamina Frenklina,

but I'm going to explain to you why it should be.

ali objasniću vam zašto bi trebalo da bude tako.

The image that comes to your mind

Slika koja vam pada na pamet

is probably more likely of a pasty kid

je verovatno slika bledunjavog klinca

sitting in a basement doing something mischievous,

koji sedi u podrumu i pravi neku štetu,

or of a shady criminal who is trying to steal your identity,

ili sumnjivog kriminalca koji pokušava da ukrade vaš identitet,

or of an international rogue

ili međunarodnog prevaranta

with a political agenda.

sa političkim ciljem.

And mainstream culture has kind of fed this idea

Mejnstrim kultura je raširila ovu ideju da su

that hackers are people that we should be afraid of.

hakeri ljudi kojih treba da se plašimo.

But like most things in technology

Ali kao i većina stvari u tehnologiji

and the technology world,

i za svet tehnologije,

hacking has equal power for good as it has for evil.

hakovanje ima jednaku moć za dobre, kao i za loše stvari.

For every hacker that's trying to steal your identity

Na svakog hakera koji hoće da ukrade vaš identitet

there's one that's building a tool

dolazi jedan koji gradi alatku

that will help you find your loved ones after a disaster

koja će vam pomoći da pronađete svoje voljene posle katastrofe

or to monitor environmental quality

Ili da pratite kvalitet životne sredine

after an oil spill.

nakon izlivanja nafte.

Hacking is really just any amateur innovation

Hakovanje je u stvari bilo koja amaterska novina

on an existing system,

na postojećem sistemu,

and it is a deeply democratic activity.

i to je duboko demokratska aktivnost.

It's about critical thinking.

Ona je u vezi sa kritičkim razmišljanjem.

It's about questioning existing ways of doing things.

Sa preispitivanjem postojećih načina da se nešto uradi.

It's the idea that if you see a problem, you work to fix it,

To je ideja da kad vidiš problem, radiš da ga rešiš,

and not just complain about it.

umesto da se žališ na njega.

And in many ways, hacking is what built America.

I na mnogo načina, hakovanje je izgradilo Ameriku.

Betsy Ross was a hacker.

Betsi Ros je bila haker.

The Underground Railroad was a brilliant hack.

"Podzemna železnica" je bila brilijantno hakovanje.

And from the Wright brothers to Steve Jobs,

Od braće Rajt do Stiva Džobsa,

hacking has always been at the foundation

hakovanje je uvek bilo u osnovama

of American democracy.

američke demokratje.

So if there's one thing I want to leave you here with today,

Ako postoji jedna stvar koju želim da vam prenesem danas,

it's that the next time you think about who a hacker is,

to je da, kad sledeći put pomislite na hakere,

you think not of this guy

ne pomislite na ovog tipa,

but of this guy, Benjamin Franklin,

već na ovog, Bendžamina Frenklina,

who was one of the greatest hackers of all time.

koji je bio jedan od najvećih hakera svih vremena.

He was one of America's most prolific inventors,

Bio je jedan od najplodnijih američkih pronalazača,

though he famously never filed a patent,

iako je poznato da nikada nije prijavio nijedan patent,

because he thought that all human knowledge

jer je mislio da svo ljudsko znanje

should be freely available.

treba da bude slobodno dostupno.

He brought us bifocals and the lightning rod,

Dao nam je bifokalna stakla i gromobran,

and of course there was his collaboration

a tu je, naravno, bila i njegova saradnja

on the invention of American democracy.

na stvaranju američke demokratije.

And in Code For America, we really try to embody

U "Kodu za Ameriku" zaista pokušavamo da oživimo

the spirit of Ben Franklin.

duh Bena Frenklina.

He was a tinkerer and a statesman

Bio je majstor za popravke i državnik

whose conception of citizenship

čije je shvatanje građanstva

was always predicated on action.

uvek bilo praćeno akcijom.

He believed that government could be built

Verovao je da vladu mogu da izgrade

by the people,

ljudi,

and we call those people civic hackers.

i njih zovemo civilni hakeri.

So it's no wonder that the values

I nije čudo što su vrednosti

that underly a healthy democracy,

koje su osnova zdrave demokratije,

like collaboration and empowerment

kao što su saradnja i osnaživanje,

and participation and enterprise,

učestvovanje i preduzimljivost,

are the same values that underly the Internet.

one iste vrednosti koje su u osnovi interneta.

And so it's no surprise that many hackers

I nije ni čudo što mnogi hakeri

are turning their attention to the problem of government.

skreću svoju pažnju na probleme vlasti.

But before I give you a few examples

Pre nego što vam dam par primera

of what civic hacking looks like,

civilnog hakovanja,

I want to make clear that you don't have

Hoću da razjasnim da ne morate

to be a programmer to be a civic hacker.

da budete programer da biste bili civilni haker.

You just have to believe that you can bring

Samo treba da verujete da možete

a 21st-century tool set to bear

da napravite alatku 21. veka koja će da se nosi

on the problems that government faces.

sa problemima sa kojima se suočava vlada.

And we hear all the time from our community

Stalno slušamo iz naše zajednice

of civic hackers at Code for America

civilnih hakera u "Kodu za Ameriku",

that they didn't understand how much nontechnical work

da nisu imali pojma koliko netehničkog rada

actually went into civic hacking projects.

u stvari ode na projekte civilnog hakovanja.

So keep that in mind.

Tako da, imajte to na umu.

All of you are potential civic hackers.

Svi ste vi potencijalni civilni hakeri.

So what does civic hacking look like?

Kako izgledaju civilni hakeri?

Our team last year in Honolulu,

Prošle godine, naš tim u Honoluluu -

which in this case was three full-time fellows

u ovom slučaju je to bilo troje naših kolega

who were doing a year of public service,

koji su radili jednu godinu javne službe -

were asked by the city to rebuild the website.

grad ih je zamolio da preprave vebsajt.

And it's a massive thing of tens of thousands of pages

A to je obimna stvar sa desetinama hiljada strana

which just wasn't going to be possible

i to nije bilo moguće

in the few months that they had.

za nekoliko meseci koliko su imali.

So instead, they decided to build a parallel site

I umesto toga odlučili su da naprave paralelan sajt

that better conformed to how citizens actually

koji je više odgovarao načinu na koji

want to interact with information on a city website.

građani traže informacije na sajtu grada.

They're looking for answers to questions,

Tražili su odgovore na pitanja,

and they want to take action when they're done,

i hteli su da preduzmu nešto kad završe,

which is really hard to do from a site

što je teško učiniti sa sajta

that looks like this.

koji izgleda ovako.

So our team built Honolulu Answers,

Pa je naš tim napravio "Honolulu odgovore",

which is a super-simple search interface

koji je jako jednostavan pretraživač,

where you enter a search term or a question

gde ukucate termin za pretragu ili pitanje

and get back plain language answers

i dobijete jednostavne odgovore

that drive a user towards action.

koji vode korisnika ka akciji.

Now the site itself was easy enough to build,

Sam sajt je bilo lako napraviti,

but the team was faced with the challenge

ali je tim bio suočen sa izazovom

of how they populate all of the content.

kako da popuni sav sadržaj.

It would have taken the three of them

Za njih troje

a very long time,

to bi oduzelo mnogo vremena,

especially given that none of them are actually from Honolulu.

pogotovo što niko od njih nije iz Honolulua.

And so they did something that's really radical,

A onda su uradili nešto jako radikalno

when you think about how government

u odnosu na to kako je

is used to working.

vlada radila.

They asked citizens to write the content.

Zamolili su građane da napišu sadržaj.

So you've heard of a hack-a-thon.

Čuli ste za "hakaton".

They held a write-a-thon,

Oni su održali "pisaton",

where on one Saturday afternoon --

gde se jednog subotnjeg popodneva -

("What do I do about wild pigs being a nuisance?") (Laughter) —

("Šta da radim kad mi smetaju divlje svinje?") (Smeh) -

Wild pigs are a huge problem in Honolulu, apparently.

Izgleda da su divlje svinje veliki problem u Honoluluu.

In one Saturday afternoon,

Jednog nedeljnog popodneva,

they were able to populate most of the content

uspeli su da popune većinu sadržaja

for most of the frequently asked questions,

za većinu često postavljanih pitanja,

but more importantly than that,

ali, što je važnije od toga,

they created a new way for citizens to participate in their government.

stvorili su nov način da se učestvuje u vlasti

Now, I think this is a really cool story in and of itself,

Mislim da je ova priča zaista kul,

but it gets more awesome.

ali postaje i još bolja.

On the National Day of Civic Hacking

Na nacionalnom Danu civilnog hakovanja

this past June in Oakland, where I live,

prošlog juna u Ouklendu, gde ja živim,

the Code For America team in Oakland

tim "Koda za Ameriku" u Ouklendu

took the open source code base of Honolulu Answers

je uzeo bazu otvorenog koda iz "Honulu odgovora"

and turned it into Oakland Answers,

i pretvorio je u "Ouklend odgovore",

and again we held a write-a-thon

i opet smo održali "pisaton",

where we took the most frequently asked questions

gde smo uzeli najčešće postavljana pitanja

and had citizens write the answers to them,

i građani su odgovarali na njih,

and I got into the act.

i ja sam bila deo toga.

I authored this answer, and a few others.

Napisala sam ovaj odgovor i nekoliko drugih.

And I'm trying to this day to articulate

I do današnjeg dana pokušavam da izrazim

the sense of empowerment and responsibility

osećaj osnaživanja i odgovornosti

that I feel for the place that I live

koje osećam prema mestu gde živim

based simply on this small act of participation.

samo na osnovu čina ovog malog učestvovanja.

And by stitching together my small act

Spajanjem mog malog dela

with the thousands of other small acts of participation

sa hiljadama drugih

that we're enabling through civic hacking,

koje omogućavamo kroz civilno hakovanje,

we think we can reenergize citizenship

možemo da unesemo novu energiju građanstvu

and restore trust in government.

i povratimo veru u vladu.

At this point, you may be wondering

Sad se pitate

what city officials think of all this.

šta gradske vlasti misle o svemu tome.

They actually love it.

Oni to u stvari vole.

As most of you guys know, cities are being asked

Kao što većina vas već zna, od gradova se svakog dana traži

every day to do more with less,

da sa manje sredstava urade više,

and they're always looking for innovative solutions

i oni uvek traže inovativna rešenja

to entrenched problems.

za ukorenjene probleme.

So when you give citizens a way to participate

Kada date građanima da učestvuju

beyond attending a town hall meeting,

izvan učestvovanja na gradskim skupštinama,

cities can actually capture

gradovi mogu da vide

the capacity in their communities

mogućnost svojih zajednica

to do the business of government.

da rade poslove vlade.

Now I don't want to leave the impression

Ne želim da ostavim utisak

that civic hacking is just an American phenomenon.

da je civilno hakovanje samo američki fenomen.

It's happening across the globe,

Dešava se po celoj planeti,

and one of my favorite examples

i jedan od mojih omiljenih primera je

is from Mexico City, where earlier this year,

iz Meksiko Sitija, gde je ranije ove godine,

the Mexico House of Representatives

meksički Predstavnički dom

entered into a contract with a software development firm

napravio ugovor sa softverskom firmom

to build an app that legislators would use

da se napravi aplikacija koju će koristiti zakonodavci

to track bills.

da bi pratili plaćanje.

So this was just for the handful of legislators

To je bilo samo za nekoliko zakonodavaca

in the House.

u Domu.

And the contract was a two-year contract

To je bio dvogodišnji ugovor

for 9.3 million dollars.

od 9,3 miliona dolara.

Now a lot of people were really angry about this,

Mnogo ljudi je bilo ljuto zbog toga,

especially geeks who knew that 9.3 million dollars

posebno zaluđenici, koji su znali da je 9,3 miliona dolara

was an absolutely outrageous amount of money

potpuno sumanut iznos

for what was a very simple app.

za jednu tako jednostavnu aplikaciju.

But instead of taking to the streets,

I umesto da izađu na ulice,

they issued a challenge.

napravili su izazov.

They asked programmers in Mexico

Zamolili su programere iz Meksika

to build something better and cheaper,

da naprave nešto bolje i jeftinije

and they offered a prize of 9,300 dollars --

i za to su ponudili nagradu od 9.300 dolara -

10,000 times cheaper

10.000 puta jeftinije

than the government contract,

od ugovora sa vladom,

and they gave the entrants 10 days.

i dali kandidatima 10 dana za to.

And in those 10 days,

Za tih deset dana,

they submitted 173 apps,

podnete su 173 aplikacije,

five of which were presented to Congress

njih pet je predstavljeno kongresu

and are still in the app store today.

i danas su dostupne u prodavnici aplikacija.

And because of this action,

I zbog ove akcije,

that contract was vacated,

taj ugovor je poništen,

and now this has sparked a movement in Mexico City

i to je podstaklo novi pokret u Meksiko sitiju

which is home to one of our partners,

koji je dom jednog od naših partnera,

Code for Mexico City.

"Kod za Meksiko Siti".

And so what you see in all three of these places,

Ono što vidite na svakom od ova tri mesta,

in Honolulu and in Oakland and in Mexico City,

u Honoluluu, Ouklendu i Meksiko Sitiju,

are the elements that are at the core of civic hacking.

su elementi koji su osnova civilnog hakovanja.

It's citizens who saw things that could be working better

Građani su uvideli da stvari mogu da fukncionišu bolje

and they decided to fix them,

i odlučili da ih poprave,

and through that work, they're creating

i kroz taj rad stvaraju

a 21st-century ecosystem of participation.

ekosistem učestvovanja 21. veka.

They're creating a whole new set of ways

Stvaraju čitav komplet novih načina

for citizens to be involved,

da građani budu uključeni,

besides voting or signing a petition or protesting.

pored glasanja ili potpisivanja peticije ili protestovanja.

They can actually build government.

Oni zapravo mogu da izgrade vladu.

So back to our friend Ben Franklin,

I da se vratimo na našeg prijatelja Bena Frenklina.

who, one of his lesser-known accomplishments

Jedan od njegovih manje poznatih podviga

was that in 1736 he founded

jeste da je 1736. osnovao

the first volunteer firefighting company in Philadelphia,

prvo volontersko vatrogasno udruženje u Filadelfiji,

called a brigade.

nazvano brigada.

And it's because he and his friends noticed

To je zato što su on i njegovi prijatelji primetili

that the city was having trouble keeping up

da grad ima problema da ugasi

with all the fires that were happening in the city,

sve požare koji se dešavaju po gradu,

so in true civic hacker fashion,

pa su, u stilu pravih civilnih hakera,

they built a solution.

izgradili rešenje.

And we have our own brigades at Code for America

I mi imamo svoje brigade u "Kodu za Ameriku"

working on the projects that I've just described,

koje rade na projektima koje sam upravo opisala,

and we want to ask you

i želimo da vas zamolimo

to follow in Ben Franklin's footsteps

da idete stopama Bena Frenklina

and come join us.

i da nam se pridružite.

We have 31 brigades in the U.S.

Imamo 31 brigadu u SAD.

We are pleased to announce today

Sa zadovoljstvom danas objavljujemo

that we're opening up the brigade to international cities

da otvaramo brigadu za međunarodne gradove

for the first time,

po prvi put,

starting with cities in Poland and Japan and Ireland.

počevši od gradova u Poljskoj, Japanu i Irskoj.

You can find out if there's a brigade where you live

Da saznate da li postoji brigada tamo gde vi živite

at brigade.codeforamerica.org,

idite na brigade.codeforamerica.org,

and if there's not a brigade where you live, we will help you.

i ako nema brigade tamo gde živite, pomoći ćemo vam.

We've created a tool kit which also lives

Napravili smo set alatki koje se takođe nalaze na

at brigade.codeforamerica.org,

brigade.codeforamerica.org,

and we will support you along the way.

i koje će vam pomoći u tome.

Our goal is to create a global network of civic hackers

Naš cilj je da stvorimo globalnu mrežu civilnih hakera

who are innovating on the existing system

koji prave inovacije na postojećim sistemima

in order to build tools that will solve

da bi napravili alatke koje će rešiti

entrenched problems,

ukorenjene probleme,

that will support local government,

koje će podržavati lokalne vlasti,

and that will empower citizens.

i što će osnažiti građane.

So please come hack with us.

Molim vas dođite i hakujte sa nama.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)