Catherine Bracy: Why good hackers make good citizens

84,456 views ใƒป 2014-02-25

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Elazar Raab ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
I'm going to talk about hackers.
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ืื ื™ ืื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืืงืจื™ื.
00:14
And the image that comes to your mind
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ื•ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืจืืฉื›ื
00:16
when I say that word is probably not
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืืช ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ื ืจืื” ืื™ื ื•
00:18
of Benjamin Franklin,
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ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ ืคืจื ืงืœื™ืŸ,
00:20
but I'm going to explain to you why it should be.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืืกื‘ื™ืจ ืœื›ื ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช.
00:23
The image that comes to your mind
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ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืจืืฉื›ื
00:24
is probably more likely of a pasty kid
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ื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ืกื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ ื—ื™ื•ื•ืจ
00:27
sitting in a basement doing something mischievous,
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ื™ื•ืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืจืชืฃ ื•ืžื‘ืฆืข ืžืขืฉื” ืงื•ื ื“ืก
00:30
or of a shady criminal who is trying to steal your identity,
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ืื• ืฉืœ ืคื•ืฉืข ืืคืœ ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื,
00:34
or of an international rogue
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ืื• ืฉืœ ื ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™
00:37
with a political agenda.
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ืขื ืื’'ื ื“ื” ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช.
00:39
And mainstream culture has kind of fed this idea
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ื•ืชืจื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ื ืกื˜ืจื™ื ื“ื•ื—ืคืช ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘
00:44
that hackers are people that we should be afraid of.
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ืฉื”ืืงืจื™ื ื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืคื—ื“ ืžื”ื.
00:49
But like most things in technology
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ืื•ืœื ื›ืžื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
00:50
and the technology world,
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ื•ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
00:52
hacking has equal power for good as it has for evil.
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ืœื”ืืงื™ื ื’ ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืฆื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื’ื ืฆื“ ืจืข.
00:55
For every hacker that's trying to steal your identity
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ืžื•ืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืืงืจ ื”ืžื ืกื” ืœื’ื ื•ื‘ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช
00:57
there's one that's building a tool
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ื™ืฉ ืื—ืจ ื”ืžื ืกื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื›ืœื™
00:59
that will help you find your loved ones after a disaster
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ืฉื™ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื™ืงื™ืจื›ื ืœืื—ืจ ืืกื•ืŸ
01:03
or to monitor environmental quality
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ืื• ืœื ื˜ืจ ืืช ืžืฆื‘ ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”
01:06
after an oil spill.
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ืœืื—ืจ ื“ืœื™ืคืช ื ืคื˜.
01:09
Hacking is really just any amateur innovation
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ื”ืืงื™ื ื’ ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ืœ ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื—ื•ื‘ื‘ื ื™ืช
01:13
on an existing system,
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ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืงื™ื™ืžืช,
01:14
and it is a deeply democratic activity.
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช.
01:17
It's about critical thinking.
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ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจืชื™ืช.
01:18
It's about questioning existing ways of doing things.
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ื”ื™ื ื ื•ื’ืขืช ืœื”ื˜ืœืช ืกืคืง ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ืขืฉื™ื.
01:21
It's the idea that if you see a problem, you work to fix it,
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ื–ื” ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ืืชื” ืžื‘ื—ื™ืŸ ื‘ื‘ืขื™ื”, ืืชื” ืคื•ืขืœ ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื”,
01:25
and not just complain about it.
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ื•ืœื ืกืชื ืžืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืขืœื™ื”.
01:27
And in many ways, hacking is what built America.
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ื•ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื•ื‘ื ื™ื, ื”ืืงื™ื ื’ ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ืงื™ื ืืช ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
01:31
Betsy Ross was a hacker.
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ื‘ื˜ืกื™ ืจื•ืก ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืืงืจื™ืช.
01:33
The Underground Railroad was a brilliant hack.
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ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ื”ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืืง ืžื‘ืจื™ืง.
01:36
And from the Wright brothers to Steve Jobs,
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ื•ื”ื—ืœ ืžื”ืื—ื™ื ืจื™ื™ื˜ ื•ืขื“ ืœืกื˜ื™ื‘ ื’'ื•ื‘ืก,
01:39
hacking has always been at the foundation
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ื”ืืงื™ื ื’ ืชืžื™ื“ ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ืกื•ื“
01:41
of American democracy.
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ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช.
01:44
So if there's one thing I want to leave you here with today,
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ืื– ืื ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ื“ ืฉืืจืฆื” ืฉืชื–ื›ืจื• ืื•ืชื• ืžื”ื™ื•ื,
01:49
it's that the next time you think about who a hacker is,
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ื–ื” ืฉื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ืฉืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืืงืจ,
01:51
you think not of this guy
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ืœื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” (ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉ ืข"ื™ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืคื•ืœ - ื’'ื•ืœื™ืืŸ ืืกื ื’')
01:55
but of this guy, Benjamin Franklin,
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ืืœื ืขืœ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ื ื’'ืžื™ืŸ ืคืจื ืงืœื™ืŸ,
01:58
who was one of the greatest hackers of all time.
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ื”ืืงืจื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžื ื™ื.
02:01
He was one of America's most prolific inventors,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืื—ื“ ื”ืžืžืฆื™ืื™ื ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
02:03
though he famously never filed a patent,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ื“ื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื”ื’ื™ืฉ ืคื˜ื ื˜ ืœืจื™ืฉื•ื,
02:05
because he thought that all human knowledge
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™
02:07
should be freely available.
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ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืคืฉื™.
02:09
He brought us bifocals and the lightning rod,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœื ื• ืืช (ื”ืžืฉืงืคื™ื™ื) ื”ื‘ื™ืคื•ืงืœื™ื•ืช ื•ืืช ื›ืœื™ื ื”ื‘ืจืง,
02:12
and of course there was his collaboration
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื•ืช ืฉืœื•
02:15
on the invention of American democracy.
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ื‘ื”ืžืฆืืช ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช.
02:18
And in Code For America, we really try to embody
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ื•ื‘-Code For America ืื ื• ืžื ืกื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืคืขื•ืœ
02:20
the spirit of Ben Franklin.
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ื‘ืจื•ื—ื• ืฉืœ ื‘ืŸ ืคืจื ืงืœื™ืŸ.
02:22
He was a tinkerer and a statesman
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืžืฆื™ื ื•ืžื“ื™ื ืื™
02:25
whose conception of citizenship
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ืฉืชืคืฉ ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื•ืช
02:27
was always predicated on action.
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ื›ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืคืขืœืชื ื•ืช.
02:29
He believed that government could be built
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืžืžืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื‘ื ื•ืช
02:32
by the people,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื,
02:34
and we call those people civic hackers.
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ื•ื ืงืจื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื”ืืงืจื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื.
02:38
So it's no wonder that the values
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื” ืžืคืชื™ืข ืฉื”ืขืจื›ื™ื
02:41
that underly a healthy democracy,
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ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื” ื‘ืจื™ืื”,
02:43
like collaboration and empowerment
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ื”ืขืฆืžื”
02:46
and participation and enterprise,
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ื•ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื•ื™ื•ื–ืžื”,
02:49
are the same values that underly the Internet.
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ื”ื ืื•ืชื ื”ืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
02:52
And so it's no surprise that many hackers
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ืื™ืŸ ื–ื• ื”ืคืชืขื” ืฉื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ืืงืจื™ื
02:54
are turning their attention to the problem of government.
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ืžืคื ื™ื ืืช ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื™ื‘ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœ.
02:57
But before I give you a few examples
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช
03:00
of what civic hacking looks like,
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ืœืื™ืš ื”ืืงื™ื ื’ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื ืจืื”,
03:01
I want to make clear that you don't have
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจ ืฉืื™ื ื›ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
03:03
to be a programmer to be a civic hacker.
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ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื›ื ืชื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืงืจื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
03:05
You just have to believe that you can bring
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืจืง ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื
03:07
a 21st-century tool set to bear
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ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-21 ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“
03:09
on the problems that government faces.
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ืขื ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื.
03:11
And we hear all the time from our community
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ื•ืื ื• ืฉื•ืžืขื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืžื”ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื ื•
03:13
of civic hackers at Code for America
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ืฉืœ ื”ืืงืจื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื‘"ืงื•ื“ื“ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”"
ืฉื”ื ืœื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืœื ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช
03:16
that they didn't understand how much nontechnical work
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03:18
actually went into civic hacking projects.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืจื•ื›ื” ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืืงื™ื ื’ ืื–ืจื—ื™.
03:20
So keep that in mind.
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ืื– ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.
03:22
All of you are potential civic hackers.
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ื›ื•ืœื›ื ื”ืืงืจื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ื”.
03:26
So what does civic hacking look like?
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ืื– ืื™ืš ื ืจืื” ื”ืืงื™ื ื’ ืื–ืจื—ื™?
03:28
Our team last year in Honolulu,
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ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ืฉื ื” ืฉืขื‘ืจื” ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืœื•ืœื•,
03:30
which in this case was three full-time fellows
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ืฉื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืขืžื™ืชื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืจื” ืžืœืื”
03:33
who were doing a year of public service,
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ืฉืขืฉื• ืฉื ืช ืฉืจื•ืช ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
03:35
were asked by the city to rebuild the website.
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ื”ืชื‘ืงืฉื• ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
ื•ื–ื”ื• ื“ื‘ืจ ืขืฆื•ื ืฉืœ ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ื“ืคื™ื
03:39
And it's a massive thing of tens of thousands of pages
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03:42
which just wasn't going to be possible
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ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื™
03:44
in the few months that they had.
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ื‘ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื”ืกืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืœืจืฉื•ืชื.
03:46
So instead, they decided to build a parallel site
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ืื– ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื–ืืช, ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืชืจ ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ
03:48
that better conformed to how citizens actually
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ืฉื”ืชืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื
03:51
want to interact with information on a city website.
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ืจืฆื• ืœื’ืฉืช ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืืชืจ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื™ืจ.
03:54
They're looking for answers to questions,
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ื”ื ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืœืฉืืœื•ืช,
03:56
and they want to take action when they're done,
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ื•ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืคืขื•ืœื” ื›ืฉืกื™ื™ืžื•,
03:59
which is really hard to do from a site
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ืฉื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืงืฉื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืืชืจ
04:01
that looks like this.
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ืฉื ืจืื” ื›ืš.
04:03
So our team built Honolulu Answers,
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ืื– ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื ื” ืืช "ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื•ืœื•ืœื•",
04:05
which is a super-simple search interface
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ืฉื–ื”ื• ืžืžืฉืง ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืกื•ืคืจ-ืคืฉื•ื˜
04:07
where you enter a search term or a question
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ืฉื‘ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ื–ื™ืŸ ืžื™ืœืช ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืื• ืฉืืœื”
04:10
and get back plain language answers
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ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืฉืคื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”
04:12
that drive a user towards action.
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ืฉืžืขื•ื“ื“ืช ืืช ื”ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ืœื‘ื™ืฆื•ืข ืคืขื•ืœื”.
04:15
Now the site itself was easy enough to build,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืืชืจ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื™ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืงืœ ืœื‘ื ื™ื”,
04:18
but the team was faced with the challenge
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ืื•ืœื ื”ืฆื•ื•ืช ืขืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืืชื’ืจ
04:20
of how they populate all of the content.
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืžืœื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
04:22
It would have taken the three of them
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืœืฉืœื•ืฉืชื
04:24
a very long time,
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ื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ืžืื•ื“,
04:25
especially given that none of them are actually from Honolulu.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ืื™ื ื• ืชื•ืฉื‘ ื”ื•ื ื•ืœื•ืœื•.
04:28
And so they did something that's really radical,
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ืขืฉื• ืžืขืฉื” ืžืžืฉ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™,
04:30
when you think about how government
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ืžืžืฉืœ
04:32
is used to working.
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ื ื•ื”ื’ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“.
04:34
They asked citizens to write the content.
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ื”ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ.
04:37
So you've heard of a hack-a-thon.
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ืื– ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœ "ื”ืืง-ืชื•ืŸ".
04:39
They held a write-a-thon,
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ื”ื ืขืจื›ื• "ื›ืชื•ื‘-ืชื•ืŸ"
04:40
where on one Saturday afternoon --
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ืฉื‘ื• ื‘ืื—ืจ-ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช --
04:43
("What do I do about wild pigs being a nuisance?") (Laughter) โ€”
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("ืžื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื”ื•ื•ื™ื ืžื™ื˜ืจื“?") (ืฆื—ื•ืง) --
04:45
Wild pigs are a huge problem in Honolulu, apparently.
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ื—ื–ื™ืจื™ ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื‘ืขื™ื” ืจืฆื™ื ื™ืช ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืœื•ืœื•.
04:49
In one Saturday afternoon,
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04:51
they were able to populate most of the content
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ื‘ืื—ืจ-ืฆื”ืจื™ื™ื ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืช,
04:53
for most of the frequently asked questions,
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ื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืžืœื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ
ืœืจื•ื‘ ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช,
04:55
but more importantly than that,
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ืื•ืœื ืืคื™ืœื• ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื–ื”,
04:57
they created a new way for citizens to participate in their government.
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ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ื“ืจืš ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ ืฉืœื”ื.
05:01
Now, I think this is a really cool story in and of itself,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื–ื”ื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื’ื ื™ื‘ ืœื›ืฉืขืฆืžื•,
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืคืš ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
05:05
but it gets more awesome.
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05:07
On the National Day of Civic Hacking
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืืงื™ื ื’ ืื–ืจื—ื™
05:09
this past June in Oakland, where I live,
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ืฉื ืขืจืš ื‘ื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืงืœื ื“, ืฉื ืื ื™ ื’ืจื”,
05:12
the Code For America team in Oakland
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ืฆื•ื•ืช "ืงื•ื“ื“ื• ืœืžืขืŸ ืืžืจื™ืงื”" ื‘ืื•ืงืœื ื“
05:14
took the open source code base of Honolulu Answers
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ืœืงื— ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ืคืชื•ื— ืฉืœ "ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื”ื•ื ื•ืœื•ืœื•"
05:16
and turned it into Oakland Answers,
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ื•ื”ืคืš ืื•ืชื• ืœ"ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ืื•ืงืœื ื“",
05:18
and again we held a write-a-thon
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืจื›ื ื• "ื›ืชื•ื‘-ืชื•ืŸ"
05:20
where we took the most frequently asked questions
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ืฉื‘ื• ืœืงื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืฉืืœื•ืช ื”ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
05:24
and had citizens write the answers to them,
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ื•ื ืชื ื• ืœืชื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืœื”ื ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช,
05:25
and I got into the act.
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ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืฆื˜ืจืคืชื™ ืœืคืขื™ืœื•ืช.
05:27
I authored this answer, and a few others.
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ืขืจื›ืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื•ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื”. ("ืœืžื™ ืขืœื™ ืœื”ื•ื“ื™ืข ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ืชื™?")
05:30
And I'm trying to this day to articulate
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ื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื”ืžื—ื™ืฉ
05:33
the sense of empowerment and responsibility
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ืืช ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื”ื”ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช
05:36
that I feel for the place that I live
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ืฉืื ื™ ื—ืฉื” ืœืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ืื ื™ ื’ืจื”
05:40
based simply on this small act of participation.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœืื•ืจ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื–ื• ืฉืœ ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช.
05:44
And by stitching together my small act
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ื•ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉืœื™
05:48
with the thousands of other small acts of participation
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ืขื ืืœืคื™ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช
05:51
that we're enabling through civic hacking,
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ืฉืื ื• ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื”ืืงื™ื ื’ ืื–ืจื—ื™,
05:53
we think we can reenergize citizenship
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ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืžืจื™ืฅ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ืื–ืจื—ื™ืช
ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ.
05:56
and restore trust in government.
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05:59
At this point, you may be wondering
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ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื–ื• ืืชื ื•ื“ืื™ ืชื•ื”ื™ื
06:00
what city officials think of all this.
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ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืขื™ืจื™ื™ื” ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš.
06:02
They actually love it.
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื–ื”.
06:04
As most of you guys know, cities are being asked
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ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื‘ื™ื ืžื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ืขื™ืจื™ื•ืช ืžืชื‘ืงืฉื•ืช
06:06
every day to do more with less,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขื ืคื—ื•ืช,
06:09
and they're always looking for innovative solutions
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ื•ื”ื ืชืžื™ื“ ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ื•ืช
ืœืคืชื•ืจ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช.
06:11
to entrenched problems.
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06:12
So when you give citizens a way to participate
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ืื– ื›ืืฉืจ ืืชื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ
06:16
beyond attending a town hall meeting,
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ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช ืžื•ืขืฆืช ื”ืขื™ืจ,
06:18
cities can actually capture
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ืขืจื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืžืžืฉ
06:20
the capacity in their communities
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ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ื”ื˜ืžื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื
06:23
to do the business of government.
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ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ืžืขืฉื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ.
06:26
Now I don't want to leave the impression
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื™ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื•ืฉื
06:28
that civic hacking is just an American phenomenon.
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ืฉื”ืืงื™ื ื’ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ื•ื ืจืง ืชื•ืคืขื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช.
06:30
It's happening across the globe,
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ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
06:31
and one of my favorite examples
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ื•ืื—ืช ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœื™
06:33
is from Mexico City, where earlier this year,
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ื”ื™ื ืžื”ืขื™ืจ ืžืงืกื™ืงื•-ืกื™ื˜ื™, ืฉื ืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ืฉื ื”,
06:35
the Mexico House of Representatives
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ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ื”ืžืงืกื™ืงื ื™
06:38
entered into a contract with a software development firm
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ืกื’ืจ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืขื ื—ื‘ืจืช ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชื•ื›ื ื”
06:42
to build an app that legislators would use
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืฉืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ื™ื™ืฉืชืžืฉื•
06:45
to track bills.
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ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ื—ื•ืง.
06:46
So this was just for the handful of legislators
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ื ื•ืขื“ ืจืง ืœืžืกืคืจ ืžืฆื•ืžืฆื ืฉืœ ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื
06:49
in the House.
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ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื.
06:52
And the contract was a two-year contract
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ื•ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื—ื•ื–ื” ื“ื•-ืฉื ืชื™
06:54
for 9.3 million dollars.
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ืขืœ ืกืš 9.3 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
06:58
Now a lot of people were really angry about this,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื›ืขืกื• ืขืœ ื–ื”,
ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื—ื ื•ื ื™ื ืฉื™ื“ืขื• ืฉ-9.3 ืžืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ
07:01
especially geeks who knew that 9.3 million dollars
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07:03
was an absolutely outrageous amount of money
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ื”ื™ื” ืกื›ื•ื ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื›ืกืฃ
07:06
for what was a very simple app.
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ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื” ืฉื ื—ืฉื‘ ื™ื™ืฉื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื•ื“.
07:08
But instead of taking to the streets,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœืฆืืช ืœืจื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช,
07:10
they issued a challenge.
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ื”ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื• ืืชื’ืจ.
07:12
They asked programmers in Mexico
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ื”ื ื‘ื™ืงืฉื• ืžืชื•ื›ื ื™ืชื ื™ ืžืงืกื™ืงื•
07:15
to build something better and cheaper,
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื•ืœ,
07:18
and they offered a prize of 9,300 dollars --
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืฆื™ืขื• ืคืจืก ืฉืœ 9300 ื“ื•ืœืจ
-- "ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฆื™ื•ืฆื™ื ืขืฆื‘ื ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืชืงืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืœื™ืœ ืฉื‘ืช ืขื ื›ืžื” ื˜ืงื™ืœื•ืช"
07:23
10,000 times cheaper
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-- ืงื•ื“ื“ื•ืขืฉื” ืžืงืกื™ืงื•
ืคื™ 10,000 ื™ื•ืชืจ ื–ื•ืœ
07:25
than the government contract,
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ืžื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ืฉื—ืชื ื”ืžืžืฉืœ,
07:26
and they gave the entrants 10 days.
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ื•ื”ื ื ืชื ื• ืœืžืชื—ืจื™ื ืขืฉืจื” ื™ืžื™ื.
07:30
And in those 10 days,
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ื•ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืขืฉืจืช ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
07:31
they submitted 173 apps,
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ื”ื•ื’ืฉื• ืœืชื—ืจื•ืช 173 ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื,
07:35
five of which were presented to Congress
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ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื”ื ื”ื•ืฆื’ื• ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก
07:38
and are still in the app store today.
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ื•ื”ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื•ื.
07:40
And because of this action,
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื–ื•,
07:42
that contract was vacated,
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ื”ื—ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื•ื˜ืœ,
07:44
and now this has sparked a movement in Mexico City
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ืฆื™ืช ื”ืงืžืช ืชื ื•ืขื” ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•-ืกื™ื˜ื™
07:46
which is home to one of our partners,
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืงื•ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ื ืฉืœ ืื—ื“ ื”ืฉื•ืชืคื™ื ืฉืœื ื•,
07:48
Code for Mexico City.
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Code for Mexico City
07:50
And so what you see in all three of these places,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•,
07:53
in Honolulu and in Oakland and in Mexico City,
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ื‘ื”ื•ื ื•ืœื•ืœื• ื•ื‘ืื•ืงืœื ื“ ื•ื‘ืžืงืกื™ืงื•-ืกื™ื˜ื™,
07:56
are the elements that are at the core of civic hacking.
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ื”ื ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉื‘ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ื”ืืงื™ื ื’ ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™.
07:59
It's citizens who saw things that could be working better
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ืืœื• ืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืฉืจืื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ
08:02
and they decided to fix them,
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ื•ื”ื ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ื• ืœืชืงืŸ ืื•ืชื,
08:04
and through that work, they're creating
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ื•ื“ืจืš ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื•
08:06
a 21st-century ecosystem of participation.
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ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ ืœื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืื” ื”-21.
08:09
They're creating a whole new set of ways
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ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืฉืœ ื“ืจื›ื™ื
08:11
for citizens to be involved,
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ืœืื–ืจื—ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื,
08:13
besides voting or signing a petition or protesting.
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ืžืœื‘ื“ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืื• ื—ืชื™ืžื” ืขืœ ืขืฆื•ืžื” ืื• ื”ืคื’ื ื”.
08:17
They can actually build government.
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ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœ.
08:21
So back to our friend Ben Franklin,
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ืื– ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจื ื• ื‘ืŸ ืคืจื ืงืœื™ืŸ,
08:24
who, one of his lesser-known accomplishments
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ืฉืื—ื“ ืžื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ื”ืคื—ื•ืช ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœื•
08:27
was that in 1736 he founded
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ื”ื™ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืฉื ืช 1736 ื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืกื“
08:31
the first volunteer firefighting company in Philadelphia,
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ืืช ืื’ื•ื“ืช ื”ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืœื›ื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืืฉ ื‘ืคื™ืœื“ืœืคื™ื”,
08:34
called a brigade.
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ืฉื ืงืจืื” ื”ื‘ืจื™ื’ื“ื”.
08:36
And it's because he and his friends noticed
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ื•ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ื•ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ืฉืžื• ืœื‘
08:38
that the city was having trouble keeping up
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ืฉืœืขื™ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“
08:40
with all the fires that were happening in the city,
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ืฉืจืคื•ืช ืฉืงืจื• ื‘ืขื™ืจ,
08:42
so in true civic hacker fashion,
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ื•ื›ืš ื‘ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื”ืืงื™ื ื’ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืืžื™ืชื™,
08:45
they built a solution.
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ื”ื ื™ืฆืจื• ืคืชืจื•ืŸ.
08:47
And we have our own brigades at Code for America
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ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื’ื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื• ื‘-Code for America
08:50
working on the projects that I've just described,
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ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืชื™ืืจืชื™,
08:53
and we want to ask you
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ื•ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื
08:55
to follow in Ben Franklin's footsteps
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ืœืœื›ืช ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืŸ ืคืจื ืงืœื™ืŸ
08:57
and come join us.
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ื•ืœื”ืฆื˜ืจืฃ ืืœื™ื ื•.
08:59
We have 31 brigades in the U.S.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• 31 ื‘ืจื™ื’ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘.
09:01
We are pleased to announce today
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ืื ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื ืœื”ื›ืจื™ื– ื”ื™ื•ื
09:02
that we're opening up the brigade to international cities
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ืฉืื ื• ืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ื’ื“ื•ืช ืœืขืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
09:05
for the first time,
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ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”,
09:06
starting with cities in Poland and Japan and Ireland.
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ื”ื—ืœ ืžืขืจื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ืŸ ื•ื™ืคืŸ ื•ืื™ืจืœื ื“.
09:10
You can find out if there's a brigade where you live
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ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืจื™ื’ื“ื” ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืืชื ื’ืจื™ื
09:12
at brigade.codeforamerica.org,
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ื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช brigade.codeforamerica.org
09:15
and if there's not a brigade where you live, we will help you.
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ื•ืื ืื™ืŸ ื‘ืจื™ื’ื“ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžื’ื•ืจื™ื›ื, ืื ื• ื ืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื.
09:17
We've created a tool kit which also lives
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ื™ืฆืจื ื• ื›ืœื™ ืฉื–ืžื™ืŸ ื’ื
09:19
at brigade.codeforamerica.org,
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ื‘: brigade.codeforamerica.org
ื•ื ืชืžื•ืš ื‘ื›ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื“ืจืš.
09:21
and we will support you along the way.
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09:23
Our goal is to create a global network of civic hackers
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ืžื˜ืจืชื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืจืฉืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืืงืจื™ื ืื–ืจื—ื™ื™ื
09:27
who are innovating on the existing system
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ืฉืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ืœืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช
09:30
in order to build tools that will solve
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื™ืคืชืจื•
09:33
entrenched problems,
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ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืžื”ื•ืชื™ื•ืช,
09:35
that will support local government,
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ืฉื™ืขื–ืจื• ืœืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™,
09:37
and that will empower citizens.
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ื•ื™ืขืฆื™ืžื• ืืช ื”ืื–ืจื—ื™ื.
09:38
So please come hack with us.
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ืื– ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ื‘ื•ืื• ืœืคืฆื— ืขื™ืžื ื•.
09:41
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื”
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
09:42
(Applause)
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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