Catherine Bracy: Why good hackers make good citizens

84,307 views ・ 2014-02-25

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

00:12
I'm going to talk about hackers.
0
12285
2074
00:14
And the image that comes to your mind
1
14359
1920
00:16
when I say that word is probably not
2
16279
2459
00:18
of Benjamin Franklin,
3
18738
1517
00:20
but I'm going to explain to you why it should be.
4
20255
3188
00:23
The image that comes to your mind
5
23443
1477
00:24
is probably more likely of a pasty kid
6
24920
2686
00:27
sitting in a basement doing something mischievous,
7
27606
2516
00:30
or of a shady criminal who is trying to steal your identity,
8
30122
4135
00:34
or of an international rogue
9
34257
3023
00:37
with a political agenda.
10
37280
2711
00:39
And mainstream culture has kind of fed this idea
11
39991
4533
00:44
that hackers are people that we should be afraid of.
12
44524
4509
00:49
But like most things in technology
13
49033
1632
00:50
and the technology world,
14
50665
1449
00:52
hacking has equal power for good as it has for evil.
15
52114
3175
00:55
For every hacker that's trying to steal your identity
16
55289
2434
00:57
there's one that's building a tool
17
57723
2238
00:59
that will help you find your loved ones after a disaster
18
59961
3131
01:03
or to monitor environmental quality
19
63092
3479
01:06
after an oil spill.
20
66571
2737
01:09
Hacking is really just any amateur innovation
21
69308
3872
01:13
on an existing system,
22
73180
1396
01:14
and it is a deeply democratic activity.
23
74576
2830
01:17
It's about critical thinking.
24
77406
1399
01:18
It's about questioning existing ways of doing things.
25
78805
3034
01:21
It's the idea that if you see a problem, you work to fix it,
26
81839
3388
01:25
and not just complain about it.
27
85227
2031
01:27
And in many ways, hacking is what built America.
28
87258
3910
01:31
Betsy Ross was a hacker.
29
91168
2145
01:33
The Underground Railroad was a brilliant hack.
30
93313
3195
01:36
And from the Wright brothers to Steve Jobs,
31
96508
2876
01:39
hacking has always been at the foundation
32
99384
2539
01:41
of American democracy.
33
101923
3052
01:44
So if there's one thing I want to leave you here with today,
34
104975
4301
01:49
it's that the next time you think about who a hacker is,
35
109276
2571
01:51
you think not of this guy
36
111847
4022
01:55
but of this guy, Benjamin Franklin,
37
115869
2580
01:58
who was one of the greatest hackers of all time.
38
118449
2958
02:01
He was one of America's most prolific inventors,
39
121407
2141
02:03
though he famously never filed a patent,
40
123548
2182
02:05
because he thought that all human knowledge
41
125730
1594
02:07
should be freely available.
42
127324
2628
02:09
He brought us bifocals and the lightning rod,
43
129952
3032
02:12
and of course there was his collaboration
44
132984
2197
02:15
on the invention of American democracy.
45
135181
2965
02:18
And in Code For America, we really try to embody
46
138146
2323
02:20
the spirit of Ben Franklin.
47
140469
2018
02:22
He was a tinkerer and a statesman
48
142487
3442
02:25
whose conception of citizenship
49
145929
1860
02:27
was always predicated on action.
50
147789
2087
02:29
He believed that government could be built
51
149876
2785
02:32
by the people,
52
152661
1640
02:34
and we call those people civic hackers.
53
154301
4549
02:38
So it's no wonder that the values
54
158850
2455
02:41
that underly a healthy democracy,
55
161305
2668
02:43
like collaboration and empowerment
56
163973
2993
02:46
and participation and enterprise,
57
166966
2063
02:49
are the same values that underly the Internet.
58
169029
3486
02:52
And so it's no surprise that many hackers
59
172515
2096
02:54
are turning their attention to the problem of government.
60
174611
3357
02:57
But before I give you a few examples
61
177968
2053
03:00
of what civic hacking looks like,
62
180021
1822
03:01
I want to make clear that you don't have
63
181843
1516
03:03
to be a programmer to be a civic hacker.
64
183359
2094
03:05
You just have to believe that you can bring
65
185453
1755
03:07
a 21st-century tool set to bear
66
187208
2267
03:09
on the problems that government faces.
67
189475
2439
03:11
And we hear all the time from our community
68
191914
2045
03:13
of civic hackers at Code for America
69
193959
2288
03:16
that they didn't understand how much nontechnical work
70
196247
2608
03:18
actually went into civic hacking projects.
71
198855
2026
03:20
So keep that in mind.
72
200881
1491
03:22
All of you are potential civic hackers.
73
202372
4090
03:26
So what does civic hacking look like?
74
206462
2020
03:28
Our team last year in Honolulu,
75
208482
2264
03:30
which in this case was three full-time fellows
76
210746
2615
03:33
who were doing a year of public service,
77
213361
2152
03:35
were asked by the city to rebuild the website.
78
215513
3965
03:39
And it's a massive thing of tens of thousands of pages
79
219478
3079
03:42
which just wasn't going to be possible
80
222557
2116
03:44
in the few months that they had.
81
224673
1753
03:46
So instead, they decided to build a parallel site
82
226426
2457
03:48
that better conformed to how citizens actually
83
228883
2462
03:51
want to interact with information on a city website.
84
231345
3339
03:54
They're looking for answers to questions,
85
234684
1937
03:56
and they want to take action when they're done,
86
236621
2626
03:59
which is really hard to do from a site
87
239247
2286
04:01
that looks like this.
88
241533
1649
04:03
So our team built Honolulu Answers,
89
243182
2245
04:05
which is a super-simple search interface
90
245427
2366
04:07
where you enter a search term or a question
91
247793
2453
04:10
and get back plain language answers
92
250246
2698
04:12
that drive a user towards action.
93
252944
2440
04:15
Now the site itself was easy enough to build,
94
255384
2857
04:18
but the team was faced with the challenge
95
258241
1903
04:20
of how they populate all of the content.
96
260144
2710
04:22
It would have taken the three of them
97
262854
1676
04:24
a very long time,
98
264530
1377
04:25
especially given that none of them are actually from Honolulu.
99
265907
2999
04:28
And so they did something that's really radical,
100
268906
2075
04:30
when you think about how government
101
270981
1673
04:32
is used to working.
102
272654
2041
04:34
They asked citizens to write the content.
103
274695
3012
04:37
So you've heard of a hack-a-thon.
104
277707
1494
04:39
They held a write-a-thon,
105
279201
1664
04:40
where on one Saturday afternoon --
106
280865
2637
04:43
("What do I do about wild pigs being a nuisance?") (Laughter) —
107
283502
2041
04:45
Wild pigs are a huge problem in Honolulu, apparently.
108
285543
4046
04:49
In one Saturday afternoon,
109
289589
2043
04:51
they were able to populate most of the content
110
291632
2334
04:53
for most of the frequently asked questions,
111
293966
1661
04:55
but more importantly than that,
112
295627
2233
04:57
they created a new way for citizens to participate in their government.
113
297860
4115
05:01
Now, I think this is a really cool story in and of itself,
114
301975
3045
05:05
but it gets more awesome.
115
305020
2337
05:07
On the National Day of Civic Hacking
116
307357
2606
05:09
this past June in Oakland, where I live,
117
309963
2411
05:12
the Code For America team in Oakland
118
312374
2029
05:14
took the open source code base of Honolulu Answers
119
314403
2200
05:16
and turned it into Oakland Answers,
120
316603
2011
05:18
and again we held a write-a-thon
121
318614
2079
05:20
where we took the most frequently asked questions
122
320693
3348
05:24
and had citizens write the answers to them,
123
324041
1662
05:25
and I got into the act.
124
325703
1469
05:27
I authored this answer, and a few others.
125
327172
3601
05:30
And I'm trying to this day to articulate
126
330773
3112
05:33
the sense of empowerment and responsibility
127
333885
3046
05:36
that I feel for the place that I live
128
336931
3580
05:40
based simply on this small act of participation.
129
340511
4042
05:44
And by stitching together my small act
130
344553
3725
05:48
with the thousands of other small acts of participation
131
348278
2806
05:51
that we're enabling through civic hacking,
132
351084
2581
05:53
we think we can reenergize citizenship
133
353665
2784
05:56
and restore trust in government.
134
356449
3050
05:59
At this point, you may be wondering
135
359499
1337
06:00
what city officials think of all this.
136
360836
1726
06:02
They actually love it.
137
362562
1553
06:04
As most of you guys know, cities are being asked
138
364115
2194
06:06
every day to do more with less,
139
366309
2721
06:09
and they're always looking for innovative solutions
140
369030
2198
06:11
to entrenched problems.
141
371228
1734
06:12
So when you give citizens a way to participate
142
372962
3534
06:16
beyond attending a town hall meeting,
143
376496
1838
06:18
cities can actually capture
144
378334
1952
06:20
the capacity in their communities
145
380286
2754
06:23
to do the business of government.
146
383040
3035
06:26
Now I don't want to leave the impression
147
386075
1993
06:28
that civic hacking is just an American phenomenon.
148
388068
2112
06:30
It's happening across the globe,
149
390180
1703
06:31
and one of my favorite examples
150
391883
1653
06:33
is from Mexico City, where earlier this year,
151
393536
2431
06:35
the Mexico House of Representatives
152
395967
2110
06:38
entered into a contract with a software development firm
153
398077
4312
06:42
to build an app that legislators would use
154
402389
3180
06:45
to track bills.
155
405569
1251
06:46
So this was just for the handful of legislators
156
406820
2676
06:49
in the House.
157
409496
2574
06:52
And the contract was a two-year contract
158
412070
2669
06:54
for 9.3 million dollars.
159
414739
3926
06:58
Now a lot of people were really angry about this,
160
418665
2352
07:01
especially geeks who knew that 9.3 million dollars
161
421017
2947
07:03
was an absolutely outrageous amount of money
162
423964
2304
07:06
for what was a very simple app.
163
426268
1971
07:08
But instead of taking to the streets,
164
428239
2429
07:10
they issued a challenge.
165
430668
2208
07:12
They asked programmers in Mexico
166
432876
2831
07:15
to build something better and cheaper,
167
435707
3203
07:18
and they offered a prize of 9,300 dollars --
168
438910
4451
07:23
10,000 times cheaper
169
443361
1901
07:25
than the government contract,
170
445262
1648
07:26
and they gave the entrants 10 days.
171
446910
3103
07:30
And in those 10 days,
172
450013
1812
07:31
they submitted 173 apps,
173
451825
4061
07:35
five of which were presented to Congress
174
455886
2634
07:38
and are still in the app store today.
175
458520
2101
07:40
And because of this action,
176
460621
1821
07:42
that contract was vacated,
177
462442
2128
07:44
and now this has sparked a movement in Mexico City
178
464570
2132
07:46
which is home to one of our partners,
179
466702
1757
07:48
Code for Mexico City.
180
468459
2458
07:50
And so what you see in all three of these places,
181
470917
2751
07:53
in Honolulu and in Oakland and in Mexico City,
182
473668
2817
07:56
are the elements that are at the core of civic hacking.
183
476485
3191
07:59
It's citizens who saw things that could be working better
184
479676
3023
08:02
and they decided to fix them,
185
482699
1931
08:04
and through that work, they're creating
186
484630
1659
08:06
a 21st-century ecosystem of participation.
187
486289
3191
08:09
They're creating a whole new set of ways
188
489480
2030
08:11
for citizens to be involved,
189
491510
2006
08:13
besides voting or signing a petition or protesting.
190
493516
3945
08:17
They can actually build government.
191
497461
3977
08:21
So back to our friend Ben Franklin,
192
501438
3136
08:24
who, one of his lesser-known accomplishments
193
504574
2746
08:27
was that in 1736 he founded
194
507320
3875
08:31
the first volunteer firefighting company in Philadelphia,
195
511195
3558
08:34
called a brigade.
196
514753
1699
08:36
And it's because he and his friends noticed
197
516452
2226
08:38
that the city was having trouble keeping up
198
518678
1699
08:40
with all the fires that were happening in the city,
199
520377
2070
08:42
so in true civic hacker fashion,
200
522447
2789
08:45
they built a solution.
201
525236
2650
08:47
And we have our own brigades at Code for America
202
527886
2510
08:50
working on the projects that I've just described,
203
530396
3146
08:53
and we want to ask you
204
533542
1738
08:55
to follow in Ben Franklin's footsteps
205
535280
2462
08:57
and come join us.
206
537742
1467
08:59
We have 31 brigades in the U.S.
207
539209
2290
09:01
We are pleased to announce today
208
541499
1268
09:02
that we're opening up the brigade to international cities
209
542767
2276
09:05
for the first time,
210
545043
1592
09:06
starting with cities in Poland and Japan and Ireland.
211
546635
3981
09:10
You can find out if there's a brigade where you live
212
550616
2099
09:12
at brigade.codeforamerica.org,
213
552715
2494
09:15
and if there's not a brigade where you live, we will help you.
214
555209
2439
09:17
We've created a tool kit which also lives
215
557648
1856
09:19
at brigade.codeforamerica.org,
216
559504
1564
09:21
and we will support you along the way.
217
561068
2540
09:23
Our goal is to create a global network of civic hackers
218
563608
3915
09:27
who are innovating on the existing system
219
567523
2753
09:30
in order to build tools that will solve
220
570276
2960
09:33
entrenched problems,
221
573236
1866
09:35
that will support local government,
222
575102
2027
09:37
and that will empower citizens.
223
577129
1559
09:38
So please come hack with us.
224
578688
2375
09:41
Thank you.
225
581063
1548
09:42
(Applause)
226
582611
2550
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7