Jon Gosier: The problem with "trickle-down techonomics"

Prevodilac: Mile Živković Lektor: Anja Saric

As a software developer and technologist,

Kao softverski programer i tehnolog,

I've worked on a number of civic technology projects

radio sam na brojnim građanskim projektima

over the years.

proteklih godina.

Civic tech is sometimes referred to as tech for good,

Građanska tehnologija ponekad se naziva tehnologijom dobra,

using technology to solve humanitarian problems.

koristi se tehnologija da se rešavaju humanitarni problemi.

This is in 2010 in Uganda,

Ovo je 2010. u Ugandi

working on a solution that allowed local populations

kada se radilo na rešenju koje bi lokalnim populacijama dozvolilo

to avoid government surveillance on their mobile phones

da izbegnu da vlada nadgleda njihove mobilne telefone

for expressing dissent.

kako bi se izrazilo neslaganje.

That same technology was deployed later in North Africa

Ista tehnologija kasnije je korišćena u Severnoj Africi

for similar purposes to help activists stay connected

za slične svrhe, kako bi se aktivisti povezali

when governments were deliberately shutting off connectivity

kada su vlade namerno obarale mreže

as a means of population control.

kako bi se kontrolisalo stanovništvo.

But over the years, as I have thought about these technologies

Ali tokom godina, kako sam razmišljao o ovim tehnologijama

and the things that I work on,

i stvarima na kojima radim,

a question kind of nags in the back of my mind, which is,

u krajičku uma mučilo me pitanje,

what if we're wrong about the virtues of technology,

a to je, šta ako grešimo sa dobrim stranama tehnologije

and if it sometimes actively hurts

i ako nešto aktivno šteti

the communities that we're intending to help?

zajednicama kojima želimo da pomognemo?

The tech industry around the world tends to operate under similar assumptions

Industrija tehnologije širom sveta funkcioniše pod sličnim pretpostavkama

that if we build great things,

da ako pravimo sjajne stvari,

it will positively affect everyone.

to će imati pozitivan efekat na sve.

Eventually, these innovations will get out and find everyone.

Na kraju ove inovacije dolaze do svakog.

But that's not always the case.

Ali to nije uvek slučaj.

I like to call this blind championing of technology "trickle-down techonomics,"

Ovakvo slepo probijanje tehnologije volim da zovem "tehnonomijom kapanja",

to borrow a phrase. (Laughter)

da pozajmim izraz. (Smeh)

Često mislimo da ako dizajniramo stvari za odabranu nekolicinu,

We tend to think that if we design things for the select few,

eventually those technologies will reach everyone,

te tehnologije će na kraju doći do svakog,

and that's not always the case.

a to nije uvek slučaj.

Technology and innovation behaves a lot like wealth and capital.

Tehnologija i inovacija ponašaju se umnogome nalik na bogatstvo i kapital.

They tend to consolidate in the hands of the few,

Skupljaju se u rukama nekolicine

and sometimes they find their way out into the hands of the many.

i ponekad dopru do ruku većine.

And so most of you aren't tackling oppressive regimes on the weekends,

Većina vas se vikendom ne bori protiv ugnjetavačkih režima

so I wanted to think of a few examples that might be a little bit more relatable.

pa sam hteo da smislim nekoliko primera koji će vam biti bliskiji.

In the world of wearables and smartphones and apps,

U svetu prenosnih gedžeta, pametnih telefona i aplikacija,

there's a big movement to track people's personal health

postoji veliki pokret za praćenje ličnog zdravlja ljudi

with applications that track the number of calories that you burn

sa aplikacijama koje prate broj kalorija koje sagorevate

or whether you're sitting too much or walking enough.

ili da li previše sedite ili dovoljno hodate.

These technologies make patient intake in medical facilities much more efficient,

Ove tehnologije čine udeo pacijenta u medicinskim ustanovama mnogo efikasnijim

and in turn, these medical facilities

a zauzvrat, ove ustanove

are starting to expect these types of efficiencies.

počinju da očekuju ovakvu vrstu efikasnosti.

As these digital tools find their way into medical rooms,

Kako ovi medicinski alati dolaze do medicinskih prostorija

and they become digitally ready,

i postaju digitalno spremni,

what happens to the digitally invisible?

šta se dešava sa digitalno nevidljivima?

What does the medical experience look like

Kako izgleda medicinsko iskustvo

for someone who doesn't have the $400 phone or watch

za nekoga ko nema telefon ili sat od 400 dolara

tracking their every movement?

koji prati svaki njihov pokret?

Do they now become a burden on the medical system?

Da li sada postaju opterećenje za medicinski sistem?

Is their experience changed?

Da li se njihovo iskustvo menja?

In the world of finance, Bitcoin and crypto-currencies

U svetu finansija, Bitkoin i kriptovalute unose revoluciju

are revolutionizing the way we move money around the world,

u način na koji novac prebacujemo širom sveta,

but the challenge with these technologies

ali izazov sa ovim tehnologijama

is the barrier to entry is incredibly high, right?

je to da je prepreka za ulaz neverovatno visoka, zar ne?

You need access to the same phones, devices, connectivity,

Potreban vam je pristup istim telefonima, uređajima, vezama,

and even where you don't, where you can find a proxy agent,

a tamo gde ih nemate, gde možete naći zastupnika,

usually they require a certain amount of capital to participate.

obično vam je za učešće potrebna određena količina kapitala.

And so the question that I ask myself is, what happens to the last community

Pitanje koje sebi postavljam je šta se dešava sa poslednjom zajednicom

using paper notes when the rest of the world moves to digital currency?

koja će koristiti papirni novac kada ostatak sveta pređe na digitalne valute?

Another example from my hometown in Philadelphia:

Još jedan primer iz mog rodnog grada u Filadelfiji -

I recently went to the public library there,

skoro sam otišao gradsku biblioteku

and they are facing an existential crisis.

i oni su suočeni sa krizom postojanja.

Public funding is dwindling,

Državno finansiranje opada,

they have to reduce their footprint to stay open and stay relevant,

moraju da smanje troškove da nastave da rade i ostanu bitni

and so one of the ways they're going about this

pa je jedan od načina na koji ovo rešavaju

is digitizing a number of the books and moving them to the cloud.

to da određeni deo knjiga digitalizuju i postave ih na oblak.

This is great for most kids. Right?

Ovo je sjajno za većinu dece, zar ne?

You can check out books from home,

Knjige možete gledati kod kuće,

you can research on the way to school or from school,

možete istraživati na putu od škole ili kuće,

but these are really two big assumptions,

ali ovo su dve veoma velike pretpostavke,

that one, you have access at home,

da pod jedan, imate pristup od kuće

and two, that you have access to a mobile phone,

i da dva, imate pristup mobilnom telefonu,

and in Philadelphia, many kids do not.

a u Filadelfiji, mnogo dece to nema.

So what does their education experience look like

Kako onda izgleda njihovo iskustvo učenja

in the wake of a completely cloud-based library,

naspram biblioteke koja je potpuno zasnovana na oblaku,

what used to be considered such a basic part of education?

nečega što se smatralo osnovnim delom školovanja?

How do they stay competitive?

Kako da budu konkurentni?

A final example from across the world in East Africa:

Poslednji primer sa druge strane sveta iz istočne Afrike -

there's been a huge movement to digitize land ownership rights,

postoji ogroman pokret da se digitalizuju prava na posedstvo zemljišta,

for a number of reasons.

iz brojnih razloga.

Migrant communities, older generations dying off,

Zajednice koje migriraju, starije generacije koje izumiru

and ultimately poor record-keeping

i konačno, loše beleženje zapisa,

have led to conflicts over who owns what.

dovelo je do konflikta oko toga ko šta poseduje.

And so there was a big movement to put all this information online,

Tako je nastao veliki pokret da se sve ove informacije postave na internet,

to track all the ownership of these plots of land,

kako bi se pratilo vlasničko pravo ovih komada zemljišta,

put them in the cloud, and give them to the communities.

da se to stavi u oblak i pruži zajednicama.

But actually, the unintended consequence of this

Zapravo, nenamerna posledica ovog

has been that venture capitalists, investors, real estate developers,

bila je ta da se desio nalet kapitalista, investitora, trgovaca nekretninama,

have swooped in and they've begun buying up these plots of land

koji su došli i počeli da kupuju ove komade zemljišta

right out from under these communities,

od samih ovih zajednica

because they have access to the technologies

jer imaju pristup tehnologijama

and the connectivity that makes that possible.

i povezanost koja to čini mogućim.

So that's the common thread that connects these examples,

To je zajednička nit koja povezuje ove primere,

the unintended consequences of the tools and the technologies that we make.

nenamerne posledice alata i tehnologija koje proizvodimo.

As engineers, as technologists,

Kao inženjeri, kao tehnolozi,

we sometimes prefer efficiency over efficacy.

ponekad više volimo efikasnost od delotvornosti.

We think more about doing things than the outcomes of what we are doing.

Više mislimo o obavljanju nečega nego posledicama onog što radimo.

This needs to change.

Ovo mora da se promeni.

We have a responsibility to think about the outcomes of the technologies we build,

Imamo odgovornost da mislimo na posledice tehnologija koje stvaramo,

especially as they increasingly control the world in which we live.

naročito zato što sve više kontrolišu svet u kome živimo.

In the late '90s,

Krajem 90-tih,

there was a big push for ethics in the world of investment and banking.

desila se velika inicijativa za etikom u svetu investicija i bankarstva.

I think in 2014, we're long overdue for a similar movement

Mislim da u 2014. već dosta kasnimo sa sličnim pokretom

in the area of tech and technology.

u poju tehnologije.

So, I just encourage you, as you are all thinking about the next big thing,

Samo bih vas ohrabrio, dok svi mislite o narednoj velikoj stvari,

as entrepreneurs, as CEOs, as engineers, as makers,

kao preduzetnike, direktore, inženjere, stvaraoce,

that you think about the unintended consequences

da pomislite na nenamerne posledice

of the things that you're building,

stvari koje proizvodite,

because the real innovation is in finding ways to include everyone.

zato što prava inovacija predstavlja pronalaženje načina da se svi uključe.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)