Jon Gosier: The problem with "trickle-down techonomics"

76,348 views ใƒป 2015-03-02

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jeeho Song ๊ฒ€ํ† : YERI OH
00:13
As a software developer and technologist,
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์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์™€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋กœ์„œ,
00:16
I've worked on a number of civic technology projects
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์ €๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์‹œ๋ฏผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
over the years.
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00:20
Civic tech is sometimes referred to as tech for good,
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์‹œ๋ฏผ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์€ ์ธ๋„์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
00:24
using technology to solve humanitarian problems.
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๊ณต์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ๋ถˆ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:27
This is in 2010 in Uganda,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 2010๋…„ Uganda์—์„œ,
00:29
working on a solution that allowed local populations
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์ง€์—ญ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋ฅผ ํ‘œํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
00:32
to avoid government surveillance on their mobile phones
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์ •๋ถ€์˜ ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ ๊ฐ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ”ผํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด
00:36
for expressing dissent.
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„ ๋†“๊ณ  ์”จ๋ฆ„ํ•˜๋˜ ์ค‘์ด์ฃ .
00:38
That same technology was deployed later in North Africa
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ํ›„์— ๋ถ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด
00:41
for similar purposes to help activists stay connected
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋“ค์„ ํ†ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์œผ๋กœ
00:44
when governments were deliberately shutting off connectivity
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์—ฐ๊ฒฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์„ ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•  ๋•Œ
ํ™œ๋™๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ ๋•๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์“ฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:48
as a means of population control.
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00:51
But over the years, as I have thought about these technologies
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ, ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ
00:54
and the things that I work on,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์˜จ ์ผ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ,
00:56
a question kind of nags in the back of my mind, which is,
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๋งˆ์Œ์†์— ๋˜ํ’€์ด๋˜๋˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
what if we're wrong about the virtues of technology,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ‹€๋ ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
01:02
and if it sometimes actively hurts
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋„์šฐ๋ ค ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋“ค์„ ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์น˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด?
01:04
the communities that we're intending to help?
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01:07
The tech industry around the world tends to operate under similar assumptions
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ์‚ฐ์—…์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋งŒ๋“ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
01:11
that if we build great things,
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๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ธ์ •์ ์ธ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š”
01:13
it will positively affect everyone.
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๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ „์ œ ํ•˜์— ์šด์˜๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
Eventually, these innovations will get out and find everyone.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง€๊ณ  ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
But that's not always the case.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์ฃ .
01:22
I like to call this blind championing of technology "trickle-down techonomics,"
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋งน๋ชฉ์ ์ธ ์ง€์ง€๋ฅผ 'ํ…Œํฌ๋…ธ๋ฏน์Šค ํ•˜ํ–ฅ ํ๋ฆ„'์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ• ๊ฒŒ์š”.
01:27
to borrow a phrase. (Laughter)
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๊ด€์šฉ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ธ์šฉํ•ด์„œ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
01:30
We tend to think that if we design things for the select few,
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์„ ํƒ์  ์†Œ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
๊ทธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—” ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐˆ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
01:33
eventually those technologies will reach everyone,
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01:35
and that's not always the case.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:37
Technology and innovation behaves a lot like wealth and capital.
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๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ํ˜์‹ ์€ ๋ถ€์™€ ์ž๋ณธ๊ณผ ๋งค์šฐ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:42
They tend to consolidate in the hands of the few,
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์†Œ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์ค‘์—์„œ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
01:44
and sometimes they find their way out into the hands of the many.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์†์œผ๋กœ ํผ์ง€๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:48
And so most of you aren't tackling oppressive regimes on the weekends,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ฃผ๋ง์— ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€ํ˜นํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์— ์ด์˜์ œ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์•ˆํ•˜์ฃ .
01:53
so I wanted to think of a few examples that might be a little bit more relatable.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ข€ ๋” ๊ณต๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:57
In the world of wearables and smartphones and apps,
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์›จ์–ด๋Ÿฌ๋ธ” ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋“ค, ์Šค๋งˆํŠธํฐ๋“ค, ์•ฑ๋“ค์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ
02:02
there's a big movement to track people's personal health
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์†Œ๋ชจํ•˜๋Š”์ง€, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์˜ค๋ž˜ ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹Œ์ง€,
02:05
with applications that track the number of calories that you burn
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๋˜๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๊ฑธ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๋Š” ์–ดํ”Œ๋กœ
02:08
or whether you're sitting too much or walking enough.
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๊ฐœ์ธ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์ถ”์„ธ์˜€์ฃ .
02:13
These technologies make patient intake in medical facilities much more efficient,
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์ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์€ ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋” ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ์„ค์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
02:19
and in turn, these medical facilities
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๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, ์˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ์„ค๋“ค์€
์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:23
are starting to expect these types of efficiencies.
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์ด ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ณ„์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐˆ ์ž๊ธฐ๋งŒ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด๊ณ 
02:26
As these digital tools find their way into medical rooms,
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02:28
and they become digitally ready,
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ค€๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด์„œ,
02:30
what happens to the digitally invisible?
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๋””์ง€ํ„ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์—๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:33
What does the medical experience look like
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์„ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” 400๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์งœ๋ฆฌ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ์ด๋‚˜ ์‹œ๊ณ„๋ฅผ
02:35
for someone who doesn't have the $400 phone or watch
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๊ฐ–์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์˜๋ฃŒ๊ฒฝํ—˜๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:38
tracking their every movement?
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02:40
Do they now become a burden on the medical system?
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์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์˜ ์ง์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
02:43
Is their experience changed?
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์—” ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:46
In the world of finance, Bitcoin and crypto-currencies
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๊ธˆ์œต ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ, ๋น„ํŠธ์ฝ”์ธ๊ณผ ํฌ๋ฆฝํ†  ํ™”ํ๋Š”
02:49
are revolutionizing the way we move money around the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์— ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:52
but the challenge with these technologies
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„์ „์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋“ค์€
02:54
is the barrier to entry is incredibly high, right?
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์ง„์ž…์žฅ๋ฒฝ์ด ์—„์ฒญ ๋†’์€ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
You need access to the same phones, devices, connectivity,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ™์€ ํœด๋Œ€ํฐ, ์žฅ์น˜, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์— ์ ‘๊ทผํ•ด์•ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
and even where you don't, where you can find a proxy agent,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๊ณณ, ๋Œ€ํ–‰์—…์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์—์„œ,
03:04
usually they require a certain amount of capital to participate.
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐธ์—ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„์˜ ์ž๋ณธ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:09
And so the question that I ask myself is, what happens to the last community
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ฃ , ๋ชจ๋“  ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธ ํ™”ํ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐˆ๋•Œ,
03:14
using paper notes when the rest of the world moves to digital currency?
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์ข…์ด์ง€ํ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๊ณตํ†ต์ฒด๋Š” ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
03:20
Another example from my hometown in Philadelphia:
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์ œ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ธ ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์—์„œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
03:23
I recently went to the public library there,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๊ทธ ๊ณณ์˜ ๊ณต๊ณต๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ๊ฐ”์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:25
and they are facing an existential crisis.
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๊ทธ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์€ ์กด๋ฆฝ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:27
Public funding is dwindling,
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๊ณต๊ณต์ž๊ธˆ์€ ์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
03:29
they have to reduce their footprint to stay open and stay relevant,
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๋„์„œ๊ด€์˜ ์šด์˜์„ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ์ค„์—ฌ์•ผ ํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:34
and so one of the ways they're going about this
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์ฑ…๋“ค์„ ์ „์‚ฐํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:37
is digitizing a number of the books and moving them to the cloud.
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ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:40
This is great for most kids. Right?
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์€์ผ์ด์ฃ , ๊ทธ์ตธ?
03:42
You can check out books from home,
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์ง‘์—์„œ ์ฑ…์„ ๋Œ€์ถœ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ 
03:44
you can research on the way to school or from school,
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ํ•™๊ต๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์— ํ˜น์€ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์ž๋ฃŒ์กฐ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ฃ .
03:47
but these are really two big assumptions,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋Œ€์ „์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:49
that one, you have access at home,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”, ์ง‘์—์„œ ์ ‘์†์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๊ณ 
03:51
and two, that you have access to a mobile phone,
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๋‘˜์งธ๋Š”, ํ•ธ๋“œํฐ์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
03:53
and in Philadelphia, many kids do not.
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ํ•„๋ผ๋ธํ”ผ์•„์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:56
So what does their education experience look like
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๊ต์œก์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์  ์š”๊ฑด์ด๋˜ ๋„์„œ๊ด€,
03:59
in the wake of a completely cloud-based library,
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100% ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜ ๋„์„œ๊ด€์—์„œ
04:03
what used to be considered such a basic part of education?
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ต์œก ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€ ์–ด๋–จ๊นŒ์š”?
04:06
How do they stay competitive?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถœ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”?
04:09
A final example from across the world in East Africa:
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์˜ˆ๋Š” ๋™์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
there's been a huge movement to digitize land ownership rights,
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๊ทธ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ํ† ์ง€ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์˜ ๋””์ง€ํ„ธํ™”์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ ์šด๋™์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:18
for a number of reasons.
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04:20
Migrant communities, older generations dying off,
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์ด์ „ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ์ด๋ฏผ์ž ๊ณต๋™์ฒด์™€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋นˆ์•ฝํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ก๋ณด๊ด€์€
04:23
and ultimately poor record-keeping
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04:25
have led to conflicts over who owns what.
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์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ์„ ์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
And so there was a big movement to put all this information online,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋•…์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ์ถ”์ ํ•ด์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
04:33
to track all the ownership of these plots of land,
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ํด๋ผ์šฐ๋“œ์— ์˜ฌ๋ ค์„œ ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋Œ€๊ทœ๋ชจ ์šด๋™์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
04:37
put them in the cloud, and give them to the communities.
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04:40
But actually, the unintended consequence of this
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์˜๋„์น˜ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
has been that venture capitalists, investors, real estate developers,
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์ž๋ณธ๊ฐ€, ํˆฌ์ž์ž, ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ์—…์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ชฐ๋ ค์™€
04:47
have swooped in and they've begun buying up these plots of land
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์ด ๊ณต๋™์ฒด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๊ทธ ์†Œ์œ ๊ถŒ์„ ์‚ฌ๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:50
right out from under these communities,
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04:52
because they have access to the technologies
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ์„ฑ์—
04:54
and the connectivity that makes that possible.
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์ ‘๊ทผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
So that's the common thread that connects these examples,
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์ด ์ ์ด ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ์‹œ๋“ค์„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ณต๋™์˜ ๋งฅ๋ฝ,
05:01
the unintended consequences of the tools and the technologies that we make.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๊ณผ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ์˜๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:04
As engineers, as technologists,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋กœ์„œ, ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ž๋กœ์„œ,
05:07
we sometimes prefer efficiency over efficacy.
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๊ฐ€๋” ํšจ๋Šฅ๋ณด๋‹ค ํšจ์œจ์„ฑ์„ ์„ ํ˜ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
We think more about doing things than the outcomes of what we are doing.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ ์ž์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ฃ .
05:15
This needs to change.
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์ด๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
We have a responsibility to think about the outcomes of the technologies we build,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ฑ…์ž„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
especially as they increasingly control the world in which we live.
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ํŠนํžˆ ๊ทธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฌผ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ์ ์  ๋” ํ†ต์ œํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
05:24
In the late '90s,
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90๋…„๋Œ€ ๋ง, ํˆฌ์ž, ๊ธˆ์œต ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ์œค๋ฆฌ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํฐ ์••๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:26
there was a big push for ethics in the world of investment and banking.
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05:30
I think in 2014, we're long overdue for a similar movement
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2014๋…„์— ์ €๋Š”, ๊ธฐ์ˆ  ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ๋Š”
05:34
in the area of tech and technology.
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์œ ์‚ฌํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„์ด ๋งŽ์ด ๋Šฆ์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:38
So, I just encourage you, as you are all thinking about the next big thing,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€, CEO, ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด, ์ œ์ž‘์ž๋กœ์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ›—๋‚  ํฐ ์ผ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:42
as entrepreneurs, as CEOs, as engineers, as makers,
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05:47
that you think about the unintended consequences
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ
05:51
of the things that you're building,
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์˜๋„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
05:53
because the real innovation is in finding ways to include everyone.
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ํ˜์‹ ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์„ ๋•Œ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
05:57
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:59
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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