Jon Gosier: The problem with "trickle-down techonomics"

76,348 views ・ 2015-03-02

TED


Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove ispod za reprodukciju videozapisa.

Prevoditelj: Stjepan Mateljan Recezent: Ivan Stamenković
00:13
As a software developer and technologist,
0
13533
2946
Kao software developer i tehnolog,
00:16
I've worked on a number of civic technology projects
1
16479
2647
radio sam na nekom broju građanskih tehnoloških projekata
00:19
over the years.
2
19126
1346
tijekom godina.
00:20
Civic tech is sometimes referred to as tech for good,
3
20472
3646
Građanska tehnologija se ponekad naziva tehnologija za dobro,
00:24
using technology to solve humanitarian problems.
4
24118
3645
korištenje tehnologije za rješavanje humanitarnih problema.
00:27
This is in 2010 in Uganda,
5
27763
2113
Ovo je u 2010. u Ugandi,
00:29
working on a solution that allowed local populations
6
29876
2740
rad na rješenju koje je omogućilo lokalnoj populaciji
00:32
to avoid government surveillance on their mobile phones
7
32616
3483
da izbjegne vladin nadzor nad njihovim mobitelima
00:36
for expressing dissent.
8
36099
2229
radi izražavanja neslaganja.
00:38
That same technology was deployed later in North Africa
9
38328
2888
Ista je ta tehologija kasnije iskorištena u Sjevernoj Africi
00:41
for similar purposes to help activists stay connected
10
41216
3782
za slične razloge, da pomogne aktivistima ostati povezanima
00:44
when governments were deliberately shutting off connectivity
11
44998
3151
kada su vlasti namjerno gasile povezivost
00:48
as a means of population control.
12
48149
2076
kao način populacijske kontrole.
00:51
But over the years, as I have thought about these technologies
13
51336
3186
Ali tijekom godina, kako sam učio o tim tehnologijama
00:54
and the things that I work on,
14
54522
2001
i stvarima na kojima radim,
00:56
a question kind of nags in the back of my mind, which is,
15
56523
3019
pitanje je na neki način zanovijetalo u pozadini mog uma, koje je:
00:59
what if we're wrong about the virtues of technology,
16
59542
2725
sto ako smo u krivu glede vrlina tehnologije,
01:02
and if it sometimes actively hurts
17
62267
2252
te ako to ponekad aktivno oštećuje
01:04
the communities that we're intending to help?
18
64519
3158
zajednice kojima namjeravamo pomoći?
01:07
The tech industry around the world tends to operate under similar assumptions
19
67677
3779
Tehnološka industrija širom svijeta teži djelovati pod sličnim pretpostavkama
01:11
that if we build great things,
20
71456
2165
da ako pravimo odlične stvari,
01:13
it will positively affect everyone.
21
73621
2414
to će pozitivno utjecati na sve.
01:16
Eventually, these innovations will get out and find everyone.
22
76035
3869
s vremenom, te će se inovacije proširiti i pronaći svakoga.
01:19
But that's not always the case.
23
79904
2099
Ali to nije uvijek slučaj.
01:22
I like to call this blind championing of technology "trickle-down techonomics,"
24
82003
5781
Volim nazivati ovo slijepo uzdanje u tehnologiju "slijevajuća tehnonomija,"
01:27
to borrow a phrase. (Laughter)
25
87784
2345
da posudim frazu. (Smijeh)
01:30
We tend to think that if we design things for the select few,
26
90129
2916
Težimo misliti da ako dizajniramo stvari za odabranih nekoliko,
01:33
eventually those technologies will reach everyone,
27
93045
2402
s vremenom će te tehnologije doseći sve,
01:35
and that's not always the case.
28
95447
1555
a to nije uvijek slučaj.
01:37
Technology and innovation behaves a lot like wealth and capital.
29
97002
5016
Tehnologija i inovacije se ponašaju poprilično kao bogatstvo i kapital.
01:42
They tend to consolidate in the hands of the few,
30
102018
2879
Teže se učvrstiti u rukama nekolicine,
01:44
and sometimes they find their way out into the hands of the many.
31
104897
3390
a katkad nađu svoj put van u ruke mnogih.
01:48
And so most of you aren't tackling oppressive regimes on the weekends,
32
108287
5201
A kako većina vas ne ruši tlačiteljske režime vikendima,
01:53
so I wanted to think of a few examples that might be a little bit more relatable.
33
113488
4226
htio sam smisliti nekoliko primjera s kojima bi se lakše poistovjetili.
01:57
In the world of wearables and smartphones and apps,
34
117714
4352
U svijetu tehnike podesne za nošenje i pametnih telefona i aplikacija,
02:02
there's a big movement to track people's personal health
35
122066
3263
postoji veliki pokret za praćenje osobnog zdravlja ljudi
02:05
with applications that track the number of calories that you burn
36
125329
3048
aplikacijama koje prate broj kalorija koje izgorite
02:08
or whether you're sitting too much or walking enough.
37
128401
4819
ili sjedite li previše ili hodate li dovoljno.
02:13
These technologies make patient intake in medical facilities much more efficient,
38
133220
6341
Te tehnologije čine unos pacijenata u medicinske ustanove puno učinkovitijim,
02:19
and in turn, these medical facilities
39
139561
3935
i zauzvrat, te su medicinske ustanove
02:23
are starting to expect these types of efficiencies.
40
143496
2587
počele očekivati ovaj tip učinkovitosti.
02:26
As these digital tools find their way into medical rooms,
41
146083
2800
Kako ti digitalni alati nalaze svoj put u bolničke sobe,
02:28
and they become digitally ready,
42
148883
2045
i kako postaju digitalno spremni,
02:30
what happens to the digitally invisible?
43
150928
2369
što se događa sa digitalno nevidljivima?
02:33
What does the medical experience look like
44
153297
2000
Kako medicinsko iskustvo izgleda
02:35
for someone who doesn't have the $400 phone or watch
45
155321
3334
nekome tko nema telefon ili sat od 400 dolara
02:38
tracking their every movement?
46
158655
1793
koji prate svaki njegov/njezin pokret?
02:40
Do they now become a burden on the medical system?
47
160448
2833
Postaju li sad teret medicinskom sustavu?
02:43
Is their experience changed?
48
163281
2798
Je li njihovo iskustvo promijenjeno?
02:46
In the world of finance, Bitcoin and crypto-currencies
49
166079
3262
U svijetu financija, Bitcoin i kripto-valute
02:49
are revolutionizing the way we move money around the world,
50
169341
2920
preokreću način na koji premještamo novac širom svijeta,
02:52
but the challenge with these technologies
51
172261
2397
ali izazov s tim tehnologijama
02:54
is the barrier to entry is incredibly high, right?
52
174658
2589
je kako je prepreka za ulazak nevjerojatno visoka, je li tako?
02:57
You need access to the same phones, devices, connectivity,
53
177247
3796
Trebate pristup istim telefonima, uređajima, povezivost,
03:01
and even where you don't, where you can find a proxy agent,
54
181043
3135
a čak i gdje ne, gdje možete naći zastupnika,
03:04
usually they require a certain amount of capital to participate.
55
184178
5039
obično traže određenu količinu kapitala da sudjelujete.
03:09
And so the question that I ask myself is, what happens to the last community
56
189217
4783
Tako da je pitanje koji si postavljam, što će biti sa zadnjom zajednicom
03:14
using paper notes when the rest of the world moves to digital currency?
57
194000
4070
koja koristi papirnate novčanice kada ostatak svijeta pređe na digitalnu valutu?
03:20
Another example from my hometown in Philadelphia:
58
200260
2795
Drugi je primjer iz mojeg rodnog grada Philadelphije:
03:23
I recently went to the public library there,
59
203055
2165
nedavno sam bio u javnoj knjižnici tamo,
03:25
and they are facing an existential crisis.
60
205220
2572
i oni su suočeni s egzistencijalnom krizom.
03:27
Public funding is dwindling,
61
207792
1673
Javno financiranje nestaje,
03:29
they have to reduce their footprint to stay open and stay relevant,
62
209465
5176
moraju smanjiti svoje rashode da ostanu otvoreni i da ostanu relevantni,
03:34
and so one of the ways they're going about this
63
214641
2836
pa je tako jedan od načina kako to planiraju učiniti
03:37
is digitizing a number of the books and moving them to the cloud.
64
217477
3293
je digitalizirati dio knjiga i prebaciti ih u oblak.
03:40
This is great for most kids. Right?
65
220770
1975
To je odlično za većinu djece, je li tako?
03:42
You can check out books from home,
66
222745
1853
Možete gledati knjige od kuće,
03:44
you can research on the way to school or from school,
67
224598
2549
možete istraživati na putu do škole ili od škole,
03:47
but these are really two big assumptions,
68
227147
2192
ali tu su zapravo dvije velike pretpostavke,
03:49
that one, you have access at home,
69
229339
1997
kako jedan, imate pristup od kuće,
03:51
and two, that you have access to a mobile phone,
70
231336
2600
te dva, kako imate pristup mobitelu,
03:53
and in Philadelphia, many kids do not.
71
233936
2876
a u Philadelphiji, brojna djeca nemaju.
03:56
So what does their education experience look like
72
236812
2859
Pa kako njihovo obrazovno iskustvo izgleda
03:59
in the wake of a completely cloud-based library,
73
239671
3437
u osvit posve na oblaku temeljene knjižnice,
04:03
what used to be considered such a basic part of education?
74
243108
3459
koja se obično smatrala tako temeljnim dijelom obrazovanja?
04:06
How do they stay competitive?
75
246567
1989
Kako će ona ostati u igri?
04:09
A final example from across the world in East Africa:
76
249566
3900
Zadnji primjer od preko svijeta u istočnoj Africi:
04:13
there's been a huge movement to digitize land ownership rights,
77
253466
5316
bio je ogroman pokret kako bi se digitalizirala prava vlasništva nad zemljom,
04:18
for a number of reasons.
78
258782
1601
radi različitih razloga.
04:20
Migrant communities, older generations dying off,
79
260383
2902
Putujuće zajednice, odumiranje starih generacija,
04:23
and ultimately poor record-keeping
80
263285
2640
te u konačnici slabo vođenje knjiga
04:25
have led to conflicts over who owns what.
81
265925
3467
su dovele do konflikta tko posjeduje što.
04:29
And so there was a big movement to put all this information online,
82
269392
4272
I tako je došlo do velikog pokreta da se sve te informacije stave online,
04:33
to track all the ownership of these plots of land,
83
273664
3760
da se pronađe svo vlasništvo nad tim zemljištima,
04:37
put them in the cloud, and give them to the communities.
84
277424
2695
da se stavi u oblak te da se da zajednicama.
04:40
But actually, the unintended consequence of this
85
280119
3042
Ali zapravo, nenamjerna poslijedica toga
04:43
has been that venture capitalists, investors, real estate developers,
86
283161
4370
je bila da su hazarderi ulagači, razvijači nekretnina,
04:47
have swooped in and they've begun buying up these plots of land
87
287584
2974
pokuljali unutra i počeli kupovati zemljišta
04:50
right out from under these communities,
88
290647
1917
točno pod nogama tih zajednica,
04:52
because they have access to the technologies
89
292564
2136
jer su imali pristup tehnologijama
04:54
and the connectivity that makes that possible.
90
294700
3437
i povezivost koja to čini mogućim.
04:58
So that's the common thread that connects these examples,
91
298137
3150
I to je zajednička nit koja povezuje te primjere,
05:01
the unintended consequences of the tools and the technologies that we make.
92
301287
3549
nenamjerne poslijedice alata i tehnologija koje stvaramo.
05:04
As engineers, as technologists,
93
304836
2965
Kao inženjeri, kao tehnolozi,
05:07
we sometimes prefer efficiency over efficacy.
94
307801
3559
ponekad dajemo prednost učinkovitosti nad djelotvornosti.
05:11
We think more about doing things than the outcomes of what we are doing.
95
311360
4393
Razmišljamo više o činjenju stvari nego o ishodima onoga što činimo.
05:15
This needs to change.
96
315753
1467
To se mora promijeniti.
05:17
We have a responsibility to think about the outcomes of the technologies we build,
97
317220
4031
Imamo odgovornost da mislimo o ishodima tehnologija koje stvaramo,
05:21
especially as they increasingly control the world in which we live.
98
321251
3483
pogotovo stoga što one sve više kontroliraju svijet u kojem živimo.
05:24
In the late '90s,
99
324734
1440
U kasnim 90-ima,
05:26
there was a big push for ethics in the world of investment and banking.
100
326174
4109
bio je velik pritisak za etikom u svijetu ulaganja i bankarstva.
05:30
I think in 2014, we're long overdue for a similar movement
101
330283
3808
Mislim da u 2014, u velikom smo kašnjenju za istovjetan pokret
05:34
in the area of tech and technology.
102
334091
3662
u području tehnologije.
05:38
So, I just encourage you, as you are all thinking about the next big thing,
103
338573
3962
Dakle, samo vas ohrabrujem, dok svi razmišljate o slijedećoj velikoj stvari,
05:42
as entrepreneurs, as CEOs, as engineers, as makers,
104
342535
5372
kao poduzetnici, kao direktori, kao inženjeri, kao stvaratelji,
05:47
that you think about the unintended consequences
105
347907
3877
da mislite o nenamjernim poslijedicama
05:51
of the things that you're building,
106
351784
2160
stvari koje stvarate,
05:53
because the real innovation is in finding ways to include everyone.
107
353944
3552
jer je prava inovacija u pronalaženju načina kako uključiti sve.
05:57
Thank you.
108
357496
1672
Hvala vam.
05:59
(Applause)
109
359168
4110
(Pljesak)
O ovoj web stranici

Ova stranica će vas upoznati s YouTube videozapisima koji su korisni za učenje engleskog jezika. Vidjet ćete lekcije engleskog koje vode vrhunski profesori iz cijelog svijeta. Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove prikazane na svakoj video stranici da biste reproducirali video s tog mjesta. Titlovi se pomiču sinkronizirano s reprodukcijom videozapisa. Ako imate bilo kakvih komentara ili zahtjeva, obratite nam se putem ovog obrasca za kontakt.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7