Fabien Cousteau: What I learned from spending 31 days underwater

Prevodilac: Ljiljana Ikodinovic Lektor: Mile Živković

I have a confession to make.

Moram da vam priznam nešto:

I am addicted to adventure,

ja sam ovisnik o avanturi,

and as a young boy,

i kao mali dečak,

I would rather look outside the window

radije sam gledao kroz prozor

at the birds in the trees and the sky

ka pticama na drveću i nebu

than looking at that two-dimensional

nego u tu dvodimenzionalnu tablu,

chalky blackboard where time stands still

na kojoj vreme stoji,

and even sometimes dies.

a ponekad i umire.

My teachers thought there was something wrong

Moji učitelji su mislili da nešto

with me because I wasn't paying attention in class.

sa mnom nije u redu jer nisam pazio na času.

Nisu pronašli ništa posebno loše

They didn't find anything specifically wrong with me,

other than being slightly dyslexic because I'm a lefty.

sem što sam malo disleksičan jer sam levoruk.

But they didn't test for curiosity.

Ali oni nisu proveravali znatiželju.

Curiosity, to me,

Znatiželja je, za mene,

is about our connection

otkrivanje naše povezanosti

with the world, with the universe.

sa svetom, univerzumom.

Nje se tiče šta se nalazi iza te sledeće kolonije korala

It's about seeing what's around that next coral head

or what's around that next tree,

ili šta je iza tog sledećeg drveta

and learning more not only about our environment

i učenje ne samo o našoj okolini

but about ourselves.

već i o nama samima.

Now, my dream of dreams,

Sada, san svih mojih snova:

I want to go explore the oceans of Mars,

želim da idem da istražujem okeane na Marsu,

but until we can go there,

ali, dok ne budemo mogli da tamo idemo,

I think the oceans still hold

mislim da okeani još uvek sadrže

quite a few secrets.

poprilično mnogo tajni.

As a matter of fact,

Zapravo,

if you take our planet as the oasis in space that it is

ako našu planetu posmatrate kao oazu u svemiru, što ona i jeste,

and dissect it into a living space,

i analizirate je kao životni prostor,

the ocean represents over 3.4 billion

okeani predstavljaju preko 3,4 milijarde

cubic kilometers of volume, within which

kubnih metara zapremine,

we've explored less than five percent.

od koje smo istražili manje od pet procenata.

And I look at this, and I go, well,

Pogledam ovo i pomislim, pa,

there are tools to go deeper, longer and further:

postoje alatke pomoću kojih možemo da idemo dublje, duže i dalje:

submarines, ROVs, even Scuba diving.

podmornice, podmornice na daljinsko upravljanje pa čak i ronjenje.

But if we're going to explore the final frontier

Ali ako hoćemo da istražimo krajnju granicu

on this planet, we need to live there.

na ovoj planeti, moramo tamo da živimo.

We need to build a log cabin, if you will,

Moramo da izgradimo, takoreći, brvnaru

at the bottom of the sea.

na dnu mora.

And so there was a great curiosity in my soul

I tako je moja duša bila ispunjena velikom znatiželjom

when I went to go visit a TED [Prize winner]

kada sam išao da posetim dobitnika TED nagrade,

dr Silviju Erl.

by the name of Dr. Sylvia Earle.

Maybe you've heard of her.

Možda ste čuli za nju.

Two years ago, she was staked out

Pre dve godine je bila zadužena da nadgleda

at the last undersea marine laboratory

poslednju podvodnu morsku laboratoriju,

to try and save it,

da pokuša da je spase,

to try and petition

da pokuša da zahteva

for us not to scrap it

da je ne iskomadamo

and bring it back on land.

i vratimo nazad na kopno.

We've only had about a dozen or so

Mi smo do sada imali samo oko desetak

scientific labs at the bottom of the sea.

naučnih laboratorija na dnu mora.

There's only one left in the world:

Samo jedna od njih još postoji:

it's nine miles offshore

ona je udaljena 14 km od obale

and 65 feet down.

na dubini od oko 20 metara.

It's called Aquarius.

Zove se Akvarijus.

Aquarius, in some fashion,

Akvarijus je, na neki način,

is a dinosaur,

dinosaurus,

an ancient robot chained to the bottom,

drevni robot okovan za dno,

this Leviathan.

Levijatan.

In other ways, it's a legacy.

S druge strane, on je zaveštanje.

And so with that visit, I realized that my time is short

I tako sam tom posetom shvatio da imam malo vremena

if I wanted to experience

ukoliko želim da iskusim

what it was like to become an aquanaut.

kako je biti akvanaut.

When we swam towards this after many

Kada smo plivali prema ovome, nakon mnogo

moons of torture and two years of preparation,

meseci mučenja i dve godine pripreme,

this habitat waiting to invite us

ovo stanište koje je čekalo da nas pozove

was like a new home.

je bilo kao novi dom.

And the point of going down to

A cilj silaska

and living at this habitat was not to stay inside.

i življenja u ovom staništu nije bio da se ostane unutra.

It wasn't about living at something the size of a school bus.

Nije bio življenje u nečemu veličine školskog autobusa.

It was about giving us the luxury of time

Bio je da nam se da luksuz vremena,

outside to wander, to explore,

da ga provodimo napolju, da lutamo, istražujemo,

to understand more about this oceanic final frontier.

da razumemo više o ovoj okeanskoj konačnoj granici.

We had megafauna come and visit us.

Posetila nas je megafauna.

This spotted eagle ray is a fairly common sight in the oceans.

Ova raža orao se prilično često sreće u okeanima.

But why this is so important,

Ali zbog čega je ovo tako važno

why this picture is up,

i zbog čega je ova slika pokazana

is because this particular animal brought his friends around,

je to što je baš ova životinja dovela svoje prijatelje,

and instead of being the pelagic animals that they were,

i umesto da budu okeanske životinje kakve jesu,

they started getting curious about us,

one su se zainteresovale za nas,

these new strangers that were moving into the neighborhood,

za ove nove strance koji su se useljavali u njihov komšiluk,

doing things with plankton.

i činili nešto sa planktonima.

We were studying all sorts of animals and critters,

Mi smo izučavali različite vrste životinja i stvorenja,

and they got closer and closer to us,

i one su nam se sve više i više približavale,

and because of the luxury of time,

i zbog luksuza vremena,

these animals, these residents of the coral reef,

ove životinje, ovi stanovnici koralnog grebena,

were starting to get used to us,

su počeli da se na nas navikavaju,

and these pelagics that normal travel through stopped.

i ova okeanska bića koja uobičajeno putuju, su se zaustavila.

This particular animal actually circled

Ova konkretna životinja je zapravo kružila

for 31 full days during our mission.

pun 31 dan tokom naše misije.

So mission 31 wasn't so much

Tako da Misija 31 nije bila toliko

about breaking records.

vezana za rušenje rekorda

It was about that human-ocean connection.

koliko za povezanost ljudi i okeana.

Zbog ovog luksuza u vremenu, bili smo sposobni

Because of the luxury of time, we were able

to study animals such as sharks and grouper

da izučavamo životinje poput ajkula i škarpina

in aggregations that we've never seen before.

u skupinama kakve nikada ranije nismo videli.

It's like seeing dogs and cats behaving well together.

To je bilo kao da smo videli pse i mačke kako se odlično slažu.

Čak i sposobnost da budemo u bliskoj vezi sa životinjama

Even being able to commune with animals

that are much larger than us,

koje su mnogo veće od nas,

such as this endangered goliath grouper

kao sa ovom ugroženom golijat škarpinom,

who only still resides in the Florida Keys.

koja još jedino prebiva u Florida Kizu.

Of course, just like any neighbor,

Naravno, kao i sve komšije,

after a while, if they get tired,

nakon izvesnog vremena, ukoliko se umore,

the goliath grouper barks at us,

golijat škarpina laje na nas,

and this bark is so powerful

i ovaj lavež je toliko snažan

that it actually stuns its prey before it aspirates it all

da ona zapravo zapanji svoj plen pre nego što ga celog usisa

within a split second.

u deliću sekunde.

For us, it's just telling us to go back

Nama je samo govorila da se vratimo

into the habitat and leave them alone.

u stanište i ostavimo ih na miru.

Now, this wasn't just about adventure.

Ipak, ovo nije bila samo avantura.

Misija je imala i ozbiljan značaj.

There was actually a serious note to it.

We did a lot of science, and again, because of the luxury of time,

Puno smo se bavili naukom, i ponovo, zahvaljujući vremenskom luksuzu,

we were able to do over three years of science

mogli smo da uradimo više od tri godine naučnog rada

in 31 days.

za 31 dan.

U ovom konkretnom slučaju, koristili smo PAM,

In this particular case, we were using a PAM,

ili, da vidim da li ću uspeti da ovo izgovorim pravilno,

or, let me just see if I can get this straight,

a Pulse Amplitude Modulated Fluorometer.

metodu merenja fluorescencije saturacijskim pulsom.

And our scientists from FIU, MIT,

A naši naučnici sa FIU-a, MIT-a

and from Northeastern

i sa Severnoistočnog univerziteta

were able to get a gauge for what coral reefs do

su mogli da izmere šta koralni grebeni čine

when we're not around.

kada mi nismo u blizini.

The Pulse Amplitude Modulated Fluorometer, or PAM,

Merenje fluorescencije saturacijskim pulsom, ili MFSP,

gauges the fluorescence of corals

meri fluorescenciju korala

as it pertains to pollutants in the water

u njihovom odnosu sa zagađivačima u vodi

as well as climate change-related issues.

kao i sa pitanjima promene klime.

We used all sorts of other cutting-edge tools,

Koristili smo razna najmodernija oruđa,

such as this sonde, or what I like to call

kao ovu sondu, koju volim da zovem

the sponge proctologist, whereby the sonde

proktologom sunđera, gde sama sonda

itself tests for metabolism rates

meri stope metabolizma

in what in this particular case is a barrel sponge,

u ovom konkretnom slučaju, bačvastog sunđera,

or the redwoods of the [ocean].

ili sekvoja okena.

I ovo nam daje mnogo bolju meru

And this gives us a much better gauge

of what's happening underwater

onoga što se dešava ispod vode

with regard to climate change-related issues,

u vezi sa pitanjima promene klime,

and how the dynamics of that

i kako ta dinamika

affect us here on land.

utiče na nas ovde na zemlji.

And finally, we looked at predator-prey behavior.

I konačno, posmatrali smo ponašanje grabljivac-plen.

And predator-prey behavior is an interesting thing,

Ovaj odnos je jako interesantan,

because as we take away some of the predators

jer kako odnosimo neke od grabljivaca

on these coral reefs around the world,

sa koralnih grebena širom sveta,

the prey, or the forage fish, act very differently.

plen, ili furaž ribe se ponašaju mnogo drugačije.

What we realized is

Ono što smo shvatili

not only do they stop taking care of the reef,

je da one ne samo da prestanu da se brinu o koralnom grebenu,

darting in, grabbing a little bit of algae

hitajući, grabeći malo algi

and going back into their homes,

i vraćajući se svojim domovima,

they start spreading out and disappearing

one počinju da se rasejavaju i nestaju

from those particular coral reefs.

sa ovih određenih koralnih grebena.

Well, within that 31 days,

Pa, tokom 31 dana,

we were able to generate over 10 scientific papers

uspeli smo da proizvedemo više od 10 naučnih radova

on each one of these topics.

na svaku od ovih tema.

But the point of adventure is not only to learn,

Ali, cilj avanture nije samo da se nauči,

it's to be able to share that knowledge with the world,

već i da se to znanje podeli sa svetom,

and with that, thanks to a couple of engineers at MIT,

i s tim u vezi, zahvaljujući dvojici inženjera sa MIT-a

we were able to use a prototype camera called the Edgertronic

bili smo u mogućnosti da koristimo prototip kamere nazvane Edžertronik

to capture slow-motion video,

kako bismo snimali usporeno,

up to 20,000 frames per second

do 20.000 kadrova u sekundi

in a little box

u maloj kutiji

that's worth 3,000 dollars.

koja košta 3.000 dolara.

It's available to every one of us.

Sada je dostupna svima.

And that particular camera gives us an insight

I ta konkretna kamera nam daje uvid

into what fairly common animals do

u to šta prilično obične životinje rade

but we can't even see it in the blink of an eye.

ali što ne možemo da vidimo ni krajičkom oka.

Let me show you a quick video

Dopustite da vam pokažem kratak snimak

of what this camera does.

onoga šta ova kamera može.

You can see the silky bubble come out

Možete da vidite svilenkast mehur kako izlazi

of our hard hats.

iz naših kaciga.

It gives us an insight

To nam daje uvid

into some of the animals that we were sitting

u neke životinje u čijoj smo neposrednoj blizini

right next to for 31 days

bili 31 dan

and never normally would have paid attention to,

i na šta nikada normalno ne bismo obratili pažnju,

such as hermit crabs.

kao što su rakovi bogomoljke.

Now, using a cutting-edge piece of technology

Sada, koristiti najnoviju tehnologiju

that's not really meant for the oceans

koja nije namenjena upotrebi u okeanima

is not always easy.

nije uvek lako.

We sometimes had to put the camera upside down,

Ponekad smo morali da postavimo kameru naopako,

cordon it back to the lab,

povežemo je sa laboratorijom,

and actually man the trigger

i zapravo povučemo okidač

from the lab itself.

iz same laboratorije.

But what this gives us

Ali ono što ovim dobijamo

is the foresight to look at and analyze

je mogućnost da posmatramo i analiziramo

in scientific and engineering terms

u naučnim i inženjerskim terminima

some of the most amazing behavior

neke od zapanjujućih oblika ponašanja

that the human eye just can't pick up,

koje ljudsko oko prosto ne može da uhvati,

such as this manta shrimp

kao što je ovaj rak bogomoljka

trying to catch its prey,

u pokušaju da ulovi plen.

within about .3 seconds.

tokom oko 0,3 sekunde.

Taj udarac je jak poput metka od .22 kalibra,

That punch is as strong as a .22 caliber bullet,

i ukoliko ikada pokušate da golim okom vidite

and if you ever try to catch a bullet

in mid-flight with your eye, impossible.

metak u letu, to je nemoguće.

But now we can see things

Ali sada možemo da vidimo stvari

such as these Christmas tree worms

kao što su ovi jelka crvi

pulling in and fanning out

kako se uvlače i rastvaraju

in a way that the eye just can't capture,

na način koji oko ne može da vidi,

or in this case,

ili, u ovom slučaju

a fish throwing up grains of sand.

ribu koja povraća zrna peska.

This is an actual sailfin goby,

Ovo je pravi glavoč

and if you look at it in real time,

i ukoliko ga pogledate u realnom vremenu,

it actually doesn't even show its fanning motion

ne vidite ovaj pokret širenja i sklapanja

because it's so quick.

jer je suviše brz.

Jedan od najdragocenijih darova koje smo imali ispod vode

One of the most precious gifts that we had underwater

is that we had WiFi,

je bežični internet,

and for 31 days straight we were able to connect

i tokom 31 dana bili smo u mogućnosti da se povežemo

with the world in real time from the bottom of the sea

sa svetom u realnom vremenu sa dna mora

and share all of these experiences.

i podelimo sva ova iskustva.

Quite literally right there

Doslovno odatle sam koristio

I am Skyping in the classroom

Skajp u učionici

with one of the six continents

sa jednim od šest kontinenata

and some of the 70,000 students that we connected

i nekim od 70.000 studenata koje smo svakodnevno

every single day to some of these experiences.

povezivali sa nekim od ovih iskustava.

As a matter of fact, I'm showing a picture that I took

Zapravo, pokazujem fotografiju koju sam snimio

with my smartphone from underwater

svojim telefonom ispod vode,

of a goliath grouper laying on the bottom.

golijat škarpinu kako leži na dnu.

We had never seen that before.

To nikada ranije nismo videli.

And I dream of the day

A ja sanjam o danu

that we have underwater cities,

kada ćemo imati podvodne gradove,

and maybe, just maybe, if we push the boundaries

i možda, samo možda, ukoliko pomerimo granice

of adventure and knowledge,

avanture i nauke,

and we share that knowledge with others out there,

i ukoliko delimo to znanje sa drugima,

we can solve all sorts of problems.

možemo da rešimo razne probleme.

My grandfather used to say,

Moj deda je govorio:

"People protect what they love."

"Ljudi štite ono što vole".

My father, "How can people protect

Moj otac: "Kako ljudi mogu da zaštite

what they don't understand?"

ono što ne razumeju?"

And I've thought about this my whole life.

I ja o ovome razmišljam čitavog života.

Nothing is impossible.

Ništa nije nemoguće.

We need to dream, we need to be creative,

Treba da sanjamo, treba da budemo kreativni,

and we all need to have an adventure

i svi treba da imamo avanturu

in order to create miracles in the darkest of times.

kako bismo mogli da kreiramo čuda u mračnim vremenima.

And whether it's about climate change

I da li se radi o klimatskim promenama

or eradicating poverty

ili iskorenjivanju siromaštva

or giving back to future generations

ili vraćanju budućim generacijama

what we've taken for granted,

onoga što mi uzimamo zdravo za gotovo,

it's about adventure.

radi se o avanturi.

And who knows, maybe there will be underwater cities,

I ko zna, možda će biti gradova ispod vode,

and maybe some of you

i možda će neki od vas

will become the future aquanauts.

postati budući akvanauti.

Thank you very much.

Mnogo vam hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)