Fabien Cousteau: What I learned from spending 31 days underwater

102,612 views ใƒป 2014-10-23

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Guy Marom ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:13
I have a confession to make.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื•ื™ื“ื•ื™.
00:16
I am addicted to adventure,
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ืื ื™ ืžื›ื•ืจ ืœื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช,
00:19
and as a young boy,
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ื•ื›ื™ืœื“ ืฆืขื™ืจ,
00:21
I would rather look outside the window
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ื”ืขื“ืคืชื™ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœื—ืœื•ืŸ
00:24
at the birds in the trees and the sky
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ืขืœ ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืขืฆื™ื ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฉืžื™ื™ื
00:27
than looking at that two-dimensional
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ื”ื’ื™ืจ ื”ื“ื• ืžื™ืžื“ื™,
00:29
chalky blackboard where time stands still
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ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ืœื™ื“ื• ืขื•ืžื“ -
00:33
and even sometimes dies.
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื’ื ืžืช.
00:35
My teachers thought there was something wrong
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ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืฉื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืืฆืœื™,
00:37
with me because I wasn't paying attention in class.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืœื ื”ืงื“ืฉืชื™ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ืœื‘ ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”.
00:41
They didn't find anything specifically wrong with me,
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ื”ื ืœื ืžืฆืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืืฆืœื™,
00:43
other than being slightly dyslexic because I'm a lefty.
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžื”ื™ื•ืชื™ ืงืฆืช ื“ื™ืกืœืงื˜ื™, ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฉืžืืœื™.
00:47
But they didn't test for curiosity.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช.
00:51
Curiosity, to me,
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ืกืงืจื ื•ืช, ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™,
00:54
is about our connection
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ื”ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืœื ื•
00:56
with the world, with the universe.
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ืœืขื•ืœื, ืœื™ืงื•ื.
00:59
It's about seeing what's around that next coral head
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ื–ื” ืขืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื ืžืฆื ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืืœืžื•ื’ ื”ื‘ื,
01:01
or what's around that next tree,
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ืื• ืžื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขืฅ,
01:03
and learning more not only about our environment
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ื•ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืœื ืจืง ืขืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื ื•,
01:05
but about ourselves.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•.
01:07
Now, my dream of dreams,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื—ืœื•ื ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœื™
01:09
I want to go explore the oceans of Mars,
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ื”ื•ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืื“ื™ื,
01:13
but until we can go there,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ ืฉื ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื,
01:15
I think the oceans still hold
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžืกืชื™ืจื™ื
01:19
quite a few secrets.
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ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกื•ื“ื•ืช.
01:20
As a matter of fact,
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ืœืืžื™ืชื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ,
01:22
if you take our planet as the oasis in space that it is
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ืื ืชื™ืงื—ื• ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื ื•ื•ื” ื”ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื—ืœืœ ืฉื”ื•ื,
01:25
and dissect it into a living space,
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ื•ืชื—ืœืงื• ืื•ืชื• ืœืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ืžื—ื™ื™ื”,
01:29
the ocean represents over 3.4 billion
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ื™ืฉ ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-3.4 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“
01:32
cubic kilometers of volume, within which
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ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืžืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื, ืฉืžืชื•ื›ื
01:35
we've explored less than five percent.
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ื—ืงืจื ื• ืคื—ื•ืช ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื.
01:39
And I look at this, and I go, well,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ, ื˜ื•ื‘,
01:42
there are tools to go deeper, longer and further:
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืœื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืžื•ืง ื•ืจื—ื•ืง:
01:45
submarines, ROVs, even Scuba diving.
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ืฆื•ืœืœื•ืช,ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆืœื™ืœื” ืจื’ื™ืœื”.
01:50
But if we're going to explore the final frontier
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ
01:53
on this planet, we need to live there.
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ื‘ื›ื•ื›ื‘ ื”ื–ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื’ื•ืจ ื‘ื•.
01:56
We need to build a log cabin, if you will,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืขื™ืŸ "ื‘ืงืชื”",
01:59
at the bottom of the sea.
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ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื.
02:02
And so there was a great curiosity in my soul
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ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื”
02:05
when I went to go visit a TED [Prize winner]
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœื‘ืงืจ ืขืžื™ืชืช TED
02:08
by the name of Dr. Sylvia Earle.
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ืฉืฉืžื” ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืกื™ืœื‘ื™ื” ืืจืœ,
02:09
Maybe you've heard of her.
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ืื•ืœื™ ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœื™ื”.
02:11
Two years ago, she was staked out
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื ื—ืœื”
02:14
at the last undersea marine laboratory
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ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื”ืชืช - ื™ืžื™ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื”
02:17
to try and save it,
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืฆื™ืœ ืื•ืชื”,
02:19
to try and petition
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ื‘ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื‘ืงืฉ ืžืื™ืชื ื•
02:21
for us not to scrap it
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ืœื ืœื”ืจื•ืก ืื•ืชื”
02:23
and bring it back on land.
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ื•ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื—ื•ืฃ.
02:25
We've only had about a dozen or so
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืจืง ื‘ืขืจืš ืชืจื™ืกืจ
02:27
scientific labs at the bottom of the sea.
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ืžืขื‘ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื.
02:29
There's only one left in the world:
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ื›ื™ื•ื, ื™ืฉ ืจืง ืื—ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื:
02:31
it's nine miles offshore
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ื”ื™ื ืžืžื•ืงืžืช 14 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืžื”ื—ื•ืฃ,
02:33
and 65 feet down.
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ื•-21 ืžื˜ืจ ืžืชื—ืช.
02:35
It's called Aquarius.
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ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช ืืงื•ื•ืจื™ื•ืก.
02:37
Aquarius, in some fashion,
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ืืงื•ื•ืจื™ื•ืก, ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช,
02:39
is a dinosaur,
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ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื ื•ื–ืื•ืจ,
02:41
an ancient robot chained to the bottom,
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ืจื•ื‘ื•ื˜ ืงื“ื•ื ื”ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืœืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื,
02:43
this Leviathan.
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ื›ืžื• ื—ื™ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
02:47
In other ways, it's a legacy.
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ื‘ืžื‘ื˜ ืื—ืจ, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžื•ืจืฉืช.
02:49
And so with that visit, I realized that my time is short
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ื•ื›ืš ื‘ื‘ื™ืงื•ืจ ื”ื”ื•ื, ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉื–ืžื ื™ ืงืฆืจ
02:52
if I wanted to experience
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ืื ืจืฆื™ืชื™ ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช
02:54
what it was like to become an aquanaut.
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ื‘ืžื” ื–ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืงื•ื•ื ืื•ื˜.
02:59
When we swam towards this after many
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉื—ื™ื ื• ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื”, ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืจื‘ื”
03:02
moons of torture and two years of preparation,
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ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื•ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ื•ืช,
03:04
this habitat waiting to invite us
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ื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ืฉื—ื™ื›ืชื” ื•ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืื•ืชื ื• ืืœื™ื”,
03:09
was like a new home.
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื›ืžื• ื‘ื™ืช ื—ื“ืฉ.
03:12
And the point of going down to
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ื•ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ืœืฆืœื•ืœ
03:15
and living at this habitat was not to stay inside.
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ื•ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืœื”ืฉืืจ ื‘ื”.
03:18
It wasn't about living at something the size of a school bus.
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ื”ื™ื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืฉื”ื• ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืก.
03:21
It was about giving us the luxury of time
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ืœืชืช ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื•ืชืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ
03:24
outside to wander, to explore,
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ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ืœื”ืกืชื•ื‘ื‘, ืœื—ืงื•ืจ,
03:27
to understand more about this oceanic final frontier.
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ.
03:31
We had megafauna come and visit us.
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ื”ื™ื• ื—ื™ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื• ืœื‘ืงืจ ืื•ืชื ื•,
03:34
This spotted eagle ray is a fairly common sight in the oceans.
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ืชืจื™ืกื ื™ืช ืžื ื•ืงื“ืช ื–ื• ื”ื™ื ืžื—ื–ื” ื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
03:37
But why this is so important,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื–ื” ื›"ื› ื—ืฉื•ื‘,
03:40
why this picture is up,
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ืžื•ืฆื’ืช,
03:41
is because this particular animal brought his friends around,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื™ืฆื•ืจ ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื ื”ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื™ืชื• ื—ื‘ืจื™ื,
03:45
and instead of being the pelagic animals that they were,
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ื•ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืขืฆืžืŸ,
03:48
they started getting curious about us,
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืกืชืงืจืŸ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืืœื™ื ื•,
03:49
these new strangers that were moving into the neighborhood,
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ื”ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื‘ืจื• ืœืฉื›ื•ื ื”,
03:53
doing things with plankton.
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ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขื ืคืœื ืงื˜ื•ืŸ.
03:56
We were studying all sorts of animals and critters,
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ื—ืงืจื ื• ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ื™ืฆื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื,
03:58
and they got closer and closer to us,
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ื•ื”ื ื”ืชืงืจื‘ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืœื™ื ื•,
04:01
and because of the luxury of time,
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ื•ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืคืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื™ื”,
04:03
these animals, these residents of the coral reef,
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ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ื”ืฉื•ื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื ื™ืช ื”ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื,
04:05
were starting to get used to us,
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ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืชืจื’ืœ ืืœื™ื ื•,
04:07
and these pelagics that normal travel through stopped.
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ื•ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ืžื™ื•ืช ืฉืœืจื•ื‘ ืฉื—ื• ืœื™ื“ื ื• ืขืฆืจื•,
04:10
This particular animal actually circled
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ื”ื—ื™ื” ื”ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื”ื–ื• ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื—ืชื” ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื ื•
04:13
for 31 full days during our mission.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš 31 ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื ื•.
04:17
So mission 31 wasn't so much
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ืื– "ืžืฉื™ืžื” 31" ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื‘ืืžืช
04:19
about breaking records.
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ืขืœ ืฉื‘ื™ืจืช ืฉื™ืื™ื.
04:21
It was about that human-ocean connection.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืื“ื ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
04:26
Because of the luxury of time, we were able
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืคืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
04:28
to study animals such as sharks and grouper
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ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ื—ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื›ืจื™ืฉื™ื ื•ื“ื’ื™ ื“ืงืจ
04:32
in aggregations that we've never seen before.
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ื‘ืงื‘ื•ืฆื”, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื™ื ื•.
04:34
It's like seeing dogs and cats behaving well together.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ืœื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ืชื•ืœื™ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
04:38
Even being able to commune with animals
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ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืขื ื—ื™ื•ืช
04:40
that are much larger than us,
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ืฉื”ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ืžืื™ืชื ื•,
04:41
such as this endangered goliath grouper
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ื›ืžื• ื“ื’ ื”ื“ืงืจ ื”ื’ื•ืœื™ื™ืชื™, ืฉื”ื•ื ื‘ืกื›ื ืช ื”ื›ื—ื“ื”,
04:44
who only still resides in the Florida Keys.
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ืฉื—ื™ ืจืง ื‘ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื” ืงื™ื–.
04:47
Of course, just like any neighbor,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืฉื›ืŸ,
04:50
after a while, if they get tired,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืื ื ืžืืก ืœื”ื,
04:52
the goliath grouper barks at us,
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ื”ื“ืงืจ ื”ื’ื•ืœื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื‘ื— ืขืœื™ื ื•,
04:54
and this bark is so powerful
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ื•ื”ื ื‘ื™ื—ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื›"ื› ื—ื–ืงื”,
04:56
that it actually stuns its prey before it aspirates it all
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืฉืชืงืช ืืช ื”ื˜ืจืฃ ืฉืœื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืื‘ ืืช ื›ื•ืœื•
04:58
within a split second.
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ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ืง ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
05:00
For us, it's just telling us to go back
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื•, ื–ื” ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ
05:02
into the habitat and leave them alone.
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ืœืžืจื—ื‘ ื”ืžื—ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœืขื–ื•ื‘ ืื•ืชื ื‘ืฉืงื˜.
05:06
Now, this wasn't just about adventure.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœื ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจืคืชืงืื”.
05:10
There was actually a serious note to it.
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ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ืฆื“ ืจืฆื™ื ื™ ืœื–ื”.
05:11
We did a lot of science, and again, because of the luxury of time,
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ืขืฉื™ื ื• ื”ืžื•ืŸ ืžื—ืงืจ ืžื“ืขื™, ื•ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืคืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
05:15
we were able to do over three years of science
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ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ 3 ืฉื ื™ื,
05:17
in 31 days.
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ื‘-31 ื™ื•ื.
05:20
In this particular case, we were using a PAM,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘-PAM,
05:22
or, let me just see if I can get this straight,
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ืื•, ืื ืื ื™ ืืฆืœื™ื— ืœืชืจื’ื,
05:24
a Pulse Amplitude Modulated Fluorometer.
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ืคืœื•ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ ืžืื•ืคื ืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืคืขื™ืžื”.
05:28
And our scientists from FIU, MIT,
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ื•ื”ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืž-FIU, ืž -MIT,
05:31
and from Northeastern
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ื•ืž- Northeastern
05:33
were able to get a gauge for what coral reefs do
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ื”ื™ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืฉื•ื ื™ืช ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื ืขื•ืฉื”
05:36
when we're not around.
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”.
05:38
The Pulse Amplitude Modulated Fluorometer, or PAM,
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ื”ืคืœื•ืจื•ืžื˜ืจ ืžืื•ืคื ืŸ ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืคืขื™ืžื”, ืื• PAM,
05:40
gauges the fluorescence of corals
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ืžื•ื“ื“ ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื
05:43
as it pertains to pollutants in the water
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื–ื™ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžื™ื,
05:45
as well as climate change-related issues.
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ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืืงืœื™ื.
05:49
We used all sorts of other cutting-edge tools,
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ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื ื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื›ืœื™ื ืคื•ืจืฆื™ ื“ืจืš,
05:52
such as this sonde, or what I like to call
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ื›ืžื• ื”-Sonde, ืื• ื›ืžื• ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื•,
05:54
the sponge proctologist, whereby the sonde
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ื”ืคืจื•ืงื˜ื•ืœื•ื’ ืฉืœ ื”ืกืคื•ื’ื™ื,
06:01
itself tests for metabolism rates
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ืฉืื™ืชื• ื‘ื—ื ื• ืืช ืงืฆื‘ ื—ื™ืœื•ืฃ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื
06:03
in what in this particular case is a barrel sponge,
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœืžื•ื’ ื”ื—ื‘ื™ืช,
06:06
or the redwoods of the [ocean].
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืกืงื•ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก.
06:09
And this gives us a much better gauge
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ื•ื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืชืžื•ื ืช ืžืฆื‘ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื”
06:10
of what's happening underwater
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื
06:12
with regard to climate change-related issues,
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ื‘ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืœืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืžื–ื’ ื”ืื•ื•ื™ืจ,
06:15
and how the dynamics of that
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ื•ืื™ืš ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•
06:17
affect us here on land.
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ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœื™ื ื•, ื›ืืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”.
06:20
And finally, we looked at predator-prey behavior.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื—ืงืจื ื• ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื˜ื•ืจืฃ - ื ื˜ืจืฃ.
06:22
And predator-prey behavior is an interesting thing,
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ื•ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื˜ื•ืจืฃ - ื ื˜ืจืฃ ื”ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ,
06:24
because as we take away some of the predators
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืฆื™ื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื
06:27
on these coral reefs around the world,
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
06:29
the prey, or the forage fish, act very differently.
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ื”ื˜ืจืฃ, ืื• ื”ื“ื’ื™ื ืฉืื™ื ื ื˜ื•ืจืคื™ื, ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื•ื ื”.
06:32
What we realized is
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื‘ื ื• ื”ื•ื,
06:34
not only do they stop taking care of the reef,
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ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื ืžืคืกื™ืงื™ื ืœื“ืื•ื’ ืœืฉื•ื ื™ืช,
06:37
darting in, grabbing a little bit of algae
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืฉื•ื—ื™ื ืžื”ืจ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”, ืชื•ืคืกื™ื ืงืฆืช ืืฆื•ืช
06:39
and going back into their homes,
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ื•ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ื™ืชื,
06:41
they start spreading out and disappearing
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ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชืคืฉื˜ ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื•ืœื”ืขืœื
06:43
from those particular coral reefs.
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ืžืฉื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœืžื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•.
06:45
Well, within that 31 days,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืžืฉืš 31 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื•,
06:47
we were able to generate over 10 scientific papers
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ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ 10 ืžืืžืจื™ื ืžื“ืขื™ื™ื
06:50
on each one of these topics.
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ืขืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
06:53
But the point of adventure is not only to learn,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืคืชืงื” ื”ื™ื ืœื ืจืง ืœืœืžื•ื“,
06:58
it's to be able to share that knowledge with the world,
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ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื,
07:00
and with that, thanks to a couple of engineers at MIT,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืš, ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื”ื ื“ืกื™ื ืžMIT,
07:04
we were able to use a prototype camera called the Edgertronic
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ื”ืฆืœื—ื ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื‘ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืก ืฉืœ ืžืฆืœืžื” ื”ื ืงืจืืช ืื“ื’'ืจื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืง
07:07
to capture slow-motion video,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฆืœื ื•ื™ื“ื™ืื• ื‘ื”ื™ืœื•ืš ืื™ื˜ื™,
07:10
up to 20,000 frames per second
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ืขื“ 20,000 ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ื™ื”
07:13
in a little box
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ื‘ืงื•ืคืกื” ืงื˜ื ื”,
07:15
that's worth 3,000 dollars.
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ืฉืฉื•ื•ื™ื” 3,000 ื“ื•ืœืจ.
07:16
It's available to every one of us.
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ื”ื™ื ื–ืžื™ื ื” ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื•.
07:18
And that particular camera gives us an insight
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ื•ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ื”ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื”ื–ืืช ื ืชื ื” ืœื ื• ืชื•ื‘ื ื”
07:21
into what fairly common animals do
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ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื•ืช ื ืคื•ืฆื•ืช ืขื•ืฉื•ืช
07:24
but we can't even see it in the blink of an eye.
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื ืงื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืจืฃ ืขื™ืŸ.
07:26
Let me show you a quick video
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ืŸ ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžื”ื™ืจ
07:28
of what this camera does.
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ืขื•ืฉื”.
07:30
You can see the silky bubble come out
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื‘ื•ืขื” ื™ื•ืฆืืช ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”
07:33
of our hard hats.
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ืžื”ืงืกื“ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
07:35
It gives us an insight
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ื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ืชื•ื‘ื ื”
07:38
into some of the animals that we were sitting
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ืขืœ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืชื’ื•ืจืจื ื•
07:40
right next to for 31 days
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ืžืžืฉ ืœื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš 31 ื™ืžื™ื,
07:42
and never normally would have paid attention to,
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ื•ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืจื’ื™ืœ ืฉืžื™ื ืœื‘ ืืœื™ื”ืŸ,
07:45
such as hermit crabs.
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ื›ืžื• ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืกืจื˜ื ื™ ื ื–ื™ืจ.
07:47
Now, using a cutting-edge piece of technology
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื ื™ืช
07:50
that's not really meant for the oceans
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ืฉืœื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืกื™ื,
07:52
is not always easy.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืชืžื™ื“ ืงืœ.
07:54
We sometimes had to put the camera upside down,
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฆืœืžื” ื”ืคื•ืš,
07:56
cordon it back to the lab,
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ืœืžืฉื•ืš ื›ื‘ืœ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื”,
07:59
and actually man the trigger
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ื•ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ
08:02
from the lab itself.
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ืžื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืขืฆืžื”.
08:04
But what this gives us
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื–ื” ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื•
08:06
is the foresight to look at and analyze
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ื•ืœื ืชื—
08:09
in scientific and engineering terms
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื•ื”ื ื“ืกื™ืช
08:12
some of the most amazing behavior
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ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื•ืช
08:15
that the human eye just can't pick up,
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ืฉื”ืขื™ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช ืื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืงืœื•ื˜,
08:16
such as this manta shrimp
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ื›ืžื• ื—ืกื™ืœื•ืŸ ื”ืžื ื˜ื™ืก ื”ื–ื”,
08:19
trying to catch its prey,
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ืฉืžื ืกื” ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื”ื˜ืจืฃ ืฉืœื•,
08:21
within about .3 seconds.
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ื‘ืชื•ืš ืฉืœื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
08:27
That punch is as strong as a .22 caliber bullet,
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ื”ืื’ืจื•ืฃ ื”ื–ื” ื—ื–ืง ื›ืžื• ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื‘ืงื•ื˜ืจ 0.22,
08:30
and if you ever try to catch a bullet
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ื•ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ื ื™ืกื™ืชื ืœืจืื•ืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ
08:31
in mid-flight with your eye, impossible.
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ื‘ืชืขื•ืคื” ืขื ื”ืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื, ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™.
08:35
But now we can see things
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
08:36
such as these Christmas tree worms
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ื›ืžื• ืกืœื™ืœื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืขื ืง ื”ืืœื•
08:39
pulling in and fanning out
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ืฉืžืชื›ื ืกื•ืช ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืฆืžืŸ ื•ืžืชื—ืžืงื•ืช
08:42
in a way that the eye just can't capture,
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืฉื”ืขื™ืŸ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ื ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช ืœืงืœื•ื˜,
08:45
or in this case,
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ืื• ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื”,
08:47
a fish throwing up grains of sand.
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ื“ื’ ืฉืžืงื™ื ื’ืจื’ืจื™ ื—ื•ืœ.
08:54
This is an actual sailfin goby,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืงื‘ืจื ื•ืŸ ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™,
08:56
and if you look at it in real time,
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ื•ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช,
08:59
it actually doesn't even show its fanning motion
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ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ืžืจืื” ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืžืคืจืฉื™ืช ืฉืœื•
09:02
because it's so quick.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
09:05
One of the most precious gifts that we had underwater
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ืื—ืช ื”ืžืชื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืงืจื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื
09:07
is that we had WiFi,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• WiFi,
09:09
and for 31 days straight we were able to connect
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ื•ื‘ืžืฉืš 31 ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื—ื‘ืจ
09:12
with the world in real time from the bottom of the sea
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ืขื ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช, ืžืชื—ืชื™ืช ื”ื™ื,
09:14
and share all of these experiences.
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ื•ืœื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•
09:16
Quite literally right there
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช, ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช
09:18
I am Skyping in the classroom
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ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ืกืงื™ื™ืค ืขื ื”ื›ื™ืชื” ื”ื–ื•
09:19
with one of the six continents
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ื‘ืื—ืช ืžืฉืฉ ื”ื™ื‘ืฉื•ืช
09:21
and some of the 70,000 students that we connected
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืž-70,000 ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉื—ื™ื‘ืจื ื•
09:24
every single day to some of these experiences.
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ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
09:27
As a matter of fact, I'm showing a picture that I took
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ืื ื™ ืžืจืื” ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืฆื™ืœืžืชื™
09:29
with my smartphone from underwater
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ืขื ื”ืกืžืืจื˜ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืžืชื—ืช ืœืžื™ื
09:31
of a goliath grouper laying on the bottom.
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ืฉืœ ื“ืงืจ ื’ื•ืœื™ื™ืชื™ ื ื— ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืขื™ืช.
09:34
We had never seen that before.
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ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ืจืื™ื ื• ื–ืืช ืœืคื ื™.
09:39
And I dream of the day
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืœื ืขืœ ื”ื™ื•ื
09:41
that we have underwater cities,
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ืฉื‘ื• ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืขืจื™ื ืชืช ืžื™ืžื™ื•ืช,
09:43
and maybe, just maybe, if we push the boundaries
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ื•ืื•ืœื™, ืจืง ืื•ืœื™, ืื ื ืคืจื•ืฅ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ื•ืœื•ืช
09:46
of adventure and knowledge,
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ืฉืœ ื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช ื•ื™ื“ืข,
09:48
and we share that knowledge with others out there,
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ื•ื ื—ืœื•ืง ืืช ื”ื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื,
09:51
we can solve all sorts of problems.
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ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช.
09:54
My grandfather used to say,
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ืกื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื ื”ื’ ืœื•ืžืจ,
09:56
"People protect what they love."
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"ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ืžื’ื ื™ื ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื."
09:59
My father, "How can people protect
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ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™, "ืื™ืš ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ืŸ
10:01
what they don't understand?"
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื ืื™ื ื ืžื‘ื™ื ื™ื?"
10:06
And I've thought about this my whole life.
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ื•ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™.
10:10
Nothing is impossible.
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ื ื• ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™.
10:14
We need to dream, we need to be creative,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื,
10:17
and we all need to have an adventure
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ื•ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืจืคืชืงืื”
10:19
in order to create miracles in the darkest of times.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื ื™ืกื™ื ื‘ื–ืžื ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ืืคืœื™ื.
10:23
And whether it's about climate change
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ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™,
10:25
or eradicating poverty
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ืื• ืžื™ื’ื•ืจ ื”ืขื•ื ื™,
10:28
or giving back to future generations
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ืื• ืœืชืช ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ืื™ื
10:29
what we've taken for granted,
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ืžื” ืฉืœืงื—ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืืœื™ื•,
10:32
it's about adventure.
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ื–ื” ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื”ืจืคืชืงืื•ืช.
10:34
And who knows, maybe there will be underwater cities,
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ื•ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืขืจื™ื ืชืช ืžื™ืžื™ื•ืช,
10:37
and maybe some of you
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ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื—ืœืง ืžื›ื
10:38
will become the future aquanauts.
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ื™ื”ื™ื• ืืงื•ื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
10:40
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
10:42
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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