Fabien Cousteau: What I learned from spending 31 days underwater

Prevoditelj: Martina Bertić Recezent: Ivan Stamenković

I have a confession to make.

Moram vam nešto priznati.

I am addicted to adventure,

Ovisnik sam o avanturi

and as a young boy,

i još kao maleni dječak,

I would rather look outside the window

radije bih gledao kroz prozor

at the birds in the trees and the sky

ptice u krošnjama drveća i na nebu

than looking at that two-dimensional

nego gledao tu dvodimenzionalnu ploču

chalky blackboard where time stands still

ispisanu kredom, gdje vrijeme stoji,

and even sometimes dies.

a katkad i umire.

My teachers thought there was something wrong

Moji učitelji sumnjali su da nešto

with me because I wasn't paying attention in class.

nije u redu sa mnom jer nisam pazio na satu.

They didn't find anything specifically wrong with me,

Nisu pronašli ništa konkretno,

other than being slightly dyslexic because I'm a lefty.

osim blage disleksije jer sam ljevoruk.

But they didn't test for curiosity.

Ali nisu me testirali na znatiželju.

Curiosity, to me,

Znatiželja je, za mene,

is about our connection

naša poveznica

with the world, with the universe.

sa svijetom, sa svemirom.

It's about seeing what's around that next coral head

Zanimanje za ono što je iza te kolonije koralja

or what's around that next tree,

ili tog sljedećeg stabla,

and learning more not only about our environment

i učenje ne samo o onome što je oko nas,

but about ourselves.

nego i u nama samima.

Now, my dream of dreams,

Ali san svih mojih snova,

I want to go explore the oceans of Mars,

to je istraživanje oceana na Marsu,

but until we can go there,

ali dok ne otkrijemo način da dođemo tamo,

I think the oceans still hold

mislim da oceani još uvijek čuvaju

quite a few secrets.

pokoju tajnu.

As a matter of fact,

Štoviše,

if you take our planet as the oasis in space that it is

ako shvatite našu planetu kao oazu u svemiru, što i je,

and dissect it into a living space,

i analizirate ju kao životni prostor,

the ocean represents over 3.4 billion

oceani predstavljaju preko 3.4 milijarde

cubic kilometers of volume, within which

kubičnih kilometara obujma, od kojih

we've explored less than five percent.

smo istražili manje od pet posto.

And I look at this, and I go, well,

I ja razmišljam, pa

there are tools to go deeper, longer and further:

postoje načini za dublje, duže i dalje:

submarines, ROVs, even Scuba diving.

podmornice i one na daljinsko upravljanje, čak i ronjenje

But if we're going to explore the final frontier

Ali ako želimo istražiti krajnju granicu

on this planet, we need to live there.

ove planete, moramo tamo živjeti.

We need to build a log cabin, if you will,

Moramo izgraditi, takoreći, brvnaru

at the bottom of the sea.

na dnu mora.

And so there was a great curiosity in my soul

I tako je u mojoj duši živjela velika znatiželja

when I went to go visit a TED [Prize winner]

kad sam išao posjetiti dobitnicu TED nagrade

by the name of Dr. Sylvia Earle.

dr. Silviju Earle.

Maybe you've heard of her.

Možda ste čuli za nju.

Two years ago, she was staked out

Prije dvije godine bila je zadužena za nadgledanje

at the last undersea marine laboratory

posljednjeg podvodnog morskog laboratorija

to try and save it,

da ga pokuša spasiti

to try and petition

i zauzeti se

for us not to scrap it

za to da ga ne bacimo u staro željezo

and bring it back on land.

i vratimo natrag na kopno.

We've only had about a dozen or so

Do tada smo imali samo desetak

scientific labs at the bottom of the sea.

znanstvenih laboratorija na dnu mora.

There's only one left in the world:

Samo je jedna od njih ostala:

it's nine miles offshore

udaljena je 14 km od obale

and 65 feet down.

na dubini od oko 20 metara.

It's called Aquarius.

Zove se Aquarius.

Aquarius, in some fashion,

Aquarius je, na neki način,

is a dinosaur,

dinosaur,

an ancient robot chained to the bottom,

drevni robot okovan za dno,

this Leviathan.

Levijatan (mitološka vodena neman, predodžba Sotone)

In other ways, it's a legacy.

S druge strane, to je ostavština.

And so with that visit, I realized that my time is short

I tako sam tim susretom shvatio da nemam puno vremena

if I wanted to experience

ako želim doživjeti

what it was like to become an aquanaut.

biti aquanaut.

When we swam towards this after many

Kada smo plivali prema ovome, nakon mnogih

moons of torture and two years of preparation,

mjeseci mučenja i dvije godine priprema,

this habitat waiting to invite us

ovo stanište koje nas je čekalo

was like a new home.

bilo je kao novi dom.

And the point of going down to

A cilj našeg silaska

and living at this habitat was not to stay inside.

i življenja u ovom staništu nije bio ostajanje unutra.

It wasn't about living at something the size of a school bus.

Nismo došli živjeti u nečemu veličine školskog busa.

It was about giving us the luxury of time

Došli smo iskoristiti vrijeme

outside to wander, to explore,

izvan njega, istražujući,

to understand more about this oceanic final frontier.

otkrivajući više o toj oceanskoj krajnjoj granici.

We had megafauna come and visit us.

Megafauna nas je posjećivala.

This spotted eagle ray is a fairly common sight in the oceans.

Ova velika raža poprilično je uobičajen prizor u oceanima.

But why this is so important,

Ali važnost je ovoga

why this picture is up,

i ono zbog čega je ova slika tu

is because this particular animal brought his friends around,

u tome što je ova životinja dovela prijatelje

and instead of being the pelagic animals that they were,

i umjesto da budu oceanske životinje, što i jesu,

they started getting curious about us,

počeli su se zanimati za nas,

these new strangers that were moving into the neighborhood,

strance koji su se uselili u njihovo susjedstvo

doing things with plankton.

i dirali plankton.

We were studying all sorts of animals and critters,

Proučavali smo svakakve životinje i životinjice

and they got closer and closer to us,

i sve su nam se više približavali,

and because of the luxury of time,

i zbog te prednosti vremena,

these animals, these residents of the coral reef,

ove životinje, ovi stanovnici koraljnoga grebena,

were starting to get used to us,

polako su se navikavale na nas

and these pelagics that normal travel through stopped.

i ove su se životinjice, koje inače putuju, zaustavile.

This particular animal actually circled

Ova je dotična životinja doista kružila

for 31 full days during our mission.

puni 31 dan trajanja naše misije.

So mission 31 wasn't so much

Tako da se misija 31 nije isključivo usredotočila

about breaking records.

na obaranje rekorda,

It was about that human-ocean connection.

nego na povezanost oceana i čovječanstva.

Because of the luxury of time, we were able

S obzirom da smo imali vremena, mogli smo

to study animals such as sharks and grouper

proučavati životinje poput morskih pasa i škarpina

in aggregations that we've never seen before.

u skupinama kakve do tada nismo vidjeli.

It's like seeing dogs and cats behaving well together.

Nešto poput pasa i mačaka koji se odlično slažu.

Even being able to commune with animals

Čak i to što smo se mogli povezati sa

that are much larger than us,

životinjama puno većim od nas,

such as this endangered goliath grouper

kao primjerice ova ugrožena škarpina

who only still resides in the Florida Keys.

koja još obitava samo na području Florida Keysa.

Of course, just like any neighbor,

Naravno, kako to biva sa susjedima,

after a while, if they get tired,

nakon nekog vremena, ako bi se umorile,

the goliath grouper barks at us,

škarpine bi zalajale na nas

and this bark is so powerful

lavežom toliko moćnim

that it actually stuns its prey before it aspirates it all

da ošamuti svoj plijen prije no što ga cijelog usisa

within a split second.

u djeliću sekunde.

For us, it's just telling us to go back

Nama to samo govori da se

into the habitat and leave them alone.

vratimo u stanište i ostavimo ih na miru.

Now, this wasn't just about adventure.

Ovo nije bila samo avantura.

There was actually a serious note to it.

Bilo je tu i ozbiljnog rada.

We did a lot of science, and again, because of the luxury of time,

Bilo je tu mnogo znanosti, i opet, zbog prednosti vremena,

we were able to do over three years of science

bili smo u mogućnosti obaviti tri godine

in 31 days.

znanstvenoga rada u 31 danu.

In this particular case, we were using a PAM,

U ovom slučaju koristili smo PAM

or, let me just see if I can get this straight,

ili, ako se dobro sjećam,

a Pulse Amplitude Modulated Fluorometer.

fluorometar impulsno-amplitudne modulacije.

And our scientists from FIU, MIT,

I naši istraživači s FIU-a, MIT-a

and from Northeastern

i Sjeveroistočnog sveučilišta

were able to get a gauge for what coral reefs do

uspjeli su nabaviti uređaj za mjerenje onoga što se u koraljnim

when we're not around.

grebenima radi kad nismo u blizini

The Pulse Amplitude Modulated Fluorometer, or PAM,

Fluorometar impulsno-amplitudne modulacije (PAM)

gauges the fluorescence of corals

mjeri fluoroscentnost koralja

as it pertains to pollutants in the water

jer to ima veze s onečišćenjem vode

as well as climate change-related issues.

kao i s problemima oko klimatskih promjena

We used all sorts of other cutting-edge tools,

Koristili smo i druge suvremene uređaje

such as this sonde, or what I like to call

kao što je ova sonda, ili, kako ju ja zovem,

the sponge proctologist, whereby the sonde

proktolog za spužve.

Ova sonda testira stopu metabolizma

itself tests for metabolism rates

in what in this particular case is a barrel sponge,

u ovom slučaju buraste spužve

or the redwoods of the [ocean].

ili crvenog drveta oceana.

And this gives us a much better gauge

I ovo nam daje bolji uvid

of what's happening underwater

u ono što se događa pod vodom

with regard to climate change-related issues,

vezano za klimatske promjene

and how the dynamics of that

i kako njihova dinamika

affect us here on land.

utječe na nas na kopnu.

And finally, we looked at predator-prey behavior.

I, konačno, promatrali smo odnos predator-plijen.

And predator-prey behavior is an interesting thing,

Odnos predator-plijen je zanimljiv:

because as we take away some of the predators

kako smo promatrali neke od predatora

on these coral reefs around the world,

s koraljnih grebena širom svijeta,

the prey, or the forage fish, act very differently.

plijen, tj. sitna riba, ponaša se vrlo različito.

What we realized is

Ono što smo shvatili je to

not only do they stop taking care of the reef,

da ne samo da prestaju mariti za greben,

darting in, grabbing a little bit of algae

ulijećući unutra samo da bi uzeli nešto algi,

and going back into their homes,

i vraćajući se u svoja staništa,

they start spreading out and disappearing

nego se počinju rasprostirati i nestajati

from those particular coral reefs.

upravo iz tih grebena.

Well, within that 31 days,

Unutar tog 31 dana,

we were able to generate over 10 scientific papers

uspjeli smo napisati preko deset znanstvenih radova

on each one of these topics.

o svakoj od ovih tema.

But the point of adventure is not only to learn,

Ali svrha avanture nije samo učenje,

it's to be able to share that knowledge with the world,

već dijeljenje svega naučenog sa svijetom,

and with that, thanks to a couple of engineers at MIT,

a zahvaljujući inženjerima s MIT-a,

we were able to use a prototype camera called the Edgertronic

imali smo na raspolaganju prototipnu kameru zvanu Edgertronic

to capture slow-motion video,

kako bismo snimili usporene snimke

up to 20,000 frames per second

s do 20,000 sličica po sekundi

in a little box

u maloj kutiji

that's worth 3,000 dollars.

vrijednoj 3,000 dolara.

It's available to every one of us.

Dostupna je svima nama.

And that particular camera gives us an insight

Ta nam kamera daje uvid

into what fairly common animals do

u ono što životinje obično rade

but we can't even see it in the blink of an eye.

a što nismo mogli vidjeti zbog brzine događanja

Let me show you a quick video

Dopustite da vam pokažem snimku

of what this camera does.

onoga što ova kamera može.

You can see the silky bubble come out

Možete vidjeti svileni mjehurić kako izlazi

of our hard hats.

iz naših tvrdih šljemova.

It gives us an insight

Daje nam uvid

into some of the animals that we were sitting

u živote nekih od životinja pokraj kojih smo

right next to for 31 days

sjedili 31 dan,

and never normally would have paid attention to,

a na koje inače nikada ne bismo obratili pažnju,

such as hermit crabs.

kao što je rak samac.

Now, using a cutting-edge piece of technology

Korištenje suvremene tehnologije

that's not really meant for the oceans

koja nije namijenjena snimanju oceana

is not always easy.

nije uvijek lako.

We sometimes had to put the camera upside down,

Ponekad smo morali postaviti kameru naopako,

cordon it back to the lab,

povezati je kablom s laboratorijem

and actually man the trigger

i pokrenuti ju

from the lab itself.

iz samog laboratorija.

But what this gives us

Ono što smo dobili

is the foresight to look at and analyze

je mogućnost promatranja i analiziranja

in scientific and engineering terms

u znanstvenom i inženjerskom smislu

some of the most amazing behavior

nekih zapanjujućih ponašanja koje ljudsko oko

that the human eye just can't pick up,

nije moglo primijetiti

such as this manta shrimp

primjerice kako ovaj ustonožac

trying to catch its prey,

pokušava uloviti plijen

within about .3 seconds.

unutar otprilike tri desetinke.

That punch is as strong as a .22 caliber bullet,

Taj je udarac jak kao metak kalibra .22

and if you ever try to catch a bullet

i ako ste ikad pokušali

in mid-flight with your eye, impossible.

uloviti metak u letu svojim okom, nemoguće.

But now we can see things

Ali sada možemo vidjeti

such as these Christmas tree worms

stvari poput ovih crva božićnog drvca

pulling in and fanning out

kako se uvlače i zatvaraju

in a way that the eye just can't capture,

na način na koji ih se okom ne može vidjeti,

or in this case,

ili, u ovom slučaju,

a fish throwing up grains of sand.

ribu koja baca zrnca pijeska.

This is an actual sailfin goby,

Ovo je pravi glavočić repaš

and if you look at it in real time,

i ako ga gledate u stvarnom vremenu,

it actually doesn't even show its fanning motion

uopće se ne vidi kako pomiče peraje

because it's so quick.

jer je prebrzo.

One of the most precious gifts that we had underwater

Jedan od najvrijednijih darova koje smo imali

is that we had WiFi,

pod vodom je bežični internet.

and for 31 days straight we were able to connect

Tijekom 31 dana mogli smo se povezati

with the world in real time from the bottom of the sea

sa svijetom u stvarnome vremenu s dna oceana

and share all of these experiences.

i podijeliti sva ova iskustva.

Quite literally right there

Ovdje doslovno

I am Skyping in the classroom

skajpam u učionici

with one of the six continents

s jednim od šest kontinenata

and some of the 70,000 students that we connected

i oko 70,000 studenata koje smo povezivali

every single day to some of these experiences.

svakoga dana s ovim iskustvima.

As a matter of fact, I'm showing a picture that I took

Štoviše, pokazujem fotografiju koju sam snimio

with my smartphone from underwater

svojim pametnim telefonom pod vodom

of a goliath grouper laying on the bottom.

golijata grgeča kako leži na dnu.

We had never seen that before.

Tako nešto nikada prije nismo vidjeli.

And I dream of the day

Sanjam o danu

that we have underwater cities,

kada ćemo imati podvodne gradove

and maybe, just maybe, if we push the boundaries

i možda, ako pomaknemo granice

of adventure and knowledge,

avanture i znanja,

and we share that knowledge with others out there,

i podijelimo to znanje s ostalima,

we can solve all sorts of problems.

uspijemo riješiti svakakve probleme.

My grandfather used to say,

Moj je djed znao govoriti

"People protect what they love."

"Ljudi štite ono što vole",

My father, "How can people protect

moj otac, "Kako ljudi mogu štititi

what they don't understand?"

ono što ne razumiju?",

And I've thought about this my whole life.

a ja sam o tome razmišljao čitavog svog života.

Nothing is impossible.

Ništa nije nemoguće.

We need to dream, we need to be creative,

Moramo sanjati, moramo biti kreativni

and we all need to have an adventure

i svi moramo doživjeti avanturu

in order to create miracles in the darkest of times.

kako bismo stvarali čuda u najcrnjim vremenima.

And whether it's about climate change

I radilo se o klimatskim promjenama,

or eradicating poverty

iskorjenjivanju siromaštva,

or giving back to future generations

ili vraćanju budućim generacijama

what we've taken for granted,

onoga što smo uzeli zdravo za gotovo,

it's about adventure.

radi se o avanturi.

And who knows, maybe there will be underwater cities,

I, tko zna, možda će i nastati podvodni gradovi,

and maybe some of you

možda su neki od vas

will become the future aquanauts.

budući aquanauti.

Thank you very much.

Hvala vam puno.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)