Your brain on video games | Daphne Bavelier

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevodilac: Maja Malinov Lektor: Ivana Korom

I'm a brain scientist, and as a brain scientist,

Ja sam neurolog, a kao neurolog,

I'm actually interested in how the brain learns,

interesuje me kako zapravo mozak uči,

and I'm especially interested in a possibility of

a posebno me interesuje mogućnost

making our brains smarter, better and faster.

da mozak učinimo pametnijim, boljim i bržim.

This is in this context I'm going to tell you

U tom smislu, govoriću vam

about video games. When we say video games,

o video igrama. Kada kažem video igre,

most of you think about children.

mnogi od vas pomisle na decu.

It's true. Ninety percent of children do play video games.

Tačno je. Devedeset posto dece igra video igre.

But let's be frank.

Ali budimo iskreni.

When the kids are in bed, who is in front of the PlayStation?

Kada su deca u krevetu, ko je ispred PlayStationa?

Most of you. The average age of a gamer is 33 years old,

Mnogi od vas. Prosečna starost gejmera je 33 godine,

not eight years old, and in fact, if we look

ne osam godina, u stvari, ako pogledamo

at the projected demographics of video game play,

demografski prikaz gejmera za budućnost,

the video game players of tomorrow are

gejmeri sutrašnjice su

older adults. (Laughter)

stariji odrasli. (Smeh)

So video [gaming] is pervasive throughout our society.

Video igre prožimaju naše društvo.

It is clearly here to stay. It has an amazing impact

One ne idu nikuda. Imaju neverovatan uticaj

on our everyday life. Consider these statistics

na naš svakodnevni život. Pogledajte ove statističke podatke

released by Activision. After one month of release

koje je objavio Activision. Mesec dana od kada je izašla

of the game "Call Of Duty: Black Ops," it had been played

igra "Call Of Duty: Black Ops", igrali su je ukupno

for 68,000 years

68 000 godina

worldwide, right?

širom sveta, zar ne?

Would any of you complain if this was the case

Da li bi se neko od vas žalio da na isti način

about doing linear algebra?

vežbamo matematičke zadatke?

So what we are asking in the lab is, how can we leverage that power?

Pitanje koje postavljamo u laboratoriji je: kako da iskoristimo tu moć?

Now I want to step back a bit.

Želim da se vratim nazad na trenutak.

I know most of you have had the experience of coming back

Znam da su mnogi od vas doživeli da dođu kući

home and finding your kids playing these kinds of games.

i nađu svoju decu kako igraju ovakve igre.

(Shooting noises) The name of the game is to get

(Pucnjava) Suština igre je da stignete

after your enemy zombie bad guys

svoje neprijatelje, zombije

before they get to you, right?

pre nego što oni stignu vas, zar ne?

And I'm almost sure most of you have thought,

Gotovo sam sigurna da je većina vas pomislila:

"Oh, come on, can't you do something more intelligent

‚‚Ma hajde, možeš valjda da radiš nešto pametnije

than shooting at zombies?"

od pucanja u zombije?"

I'd like you to put this kind of knee-jerk reaction

Volela bih da stavite ovu impulsivnu reakciju

in the context of what you would have thought

u kontekst u kome

if you had found your girl playing sudoku

ste našli svoju devojčicu kako popunjava sudoku

or your boy reading Shakespeare. Right?

ili svog dečaka kako čita Šekspira.

Most parents would find that great.

Većini roditelja bi ovo bilo fantastično.

Well, I'm not going to tell you that playing video games

Pa, neću vam reći da je igranje video igara

days in and days out is actually good for your health.

po ceo dan zapravo dobro za vaše zdravlje.

It's not, and binging is never good.

I nije, a zavisnost nikada nije dobra.

But I'm going to argue that in reasonable doses,

Ali tvrdim da u razumnoj meri,

actually the very game I showed you at the beginning,

baš ona igra koju sam vam pokazala na početku

those action-packed shooter games

i sve te pucačke igre pune akcije

have quite powerful effects and positive effects

imaju prilično jak i pozitivan uticaj

on many different aspects of our behavior.

na mnoge aspekte našeg ponašanja.

There's not one week that goes without some major

Ne prođe ni jedna nedelja bez nekog velikog

headlines in the media about whether video games are

naslova u novinama o tome da li su video igre

good or bad for you, right? You're all bombarded with that.

dobre ili loše po vas, zar ne? Bombarduju vas tim informacijama.

I'd like to put this kind of Friday night bar discussion aside

Volela bih da ostavimo po strani raspravu u baru u petak uveče

and get you to actually step into the lab.

i da vas stvarno uvedem u laboratoriju.

What we do in the lab is actually measure directly,

Ono što mi radimo u laboratoriji jeste da direktno merimo,

in a quantitative fashion, what is the impact

kvantitativnim metodama, uticaj

of video games on the brain.

video igara na mozak.

And so I'm going to take a few examples from our work.

Zbog toga ću uzeti par primera iz našeg rada.

One first saying that I'm sure you all have heard

Prva zabluda za koju sam sigurna da ste čuli

is the fact that too much screen time

jeste da previše gledanja u monitor

makes your eyesight worse.

kvari vaš vid.

That's a statement about vision.

To je tvrdnja o vidu.

There may be vision scientists among you.

Možda ima oftalmologa među vama.

We actually know how to test that statement.

Mi u stvari znamo kako da testiramo tu tvrdnju.

We can step into the lab and measure how good your vision is.

Možemo da uđemo u laboratoriju i da izmerimo koliko dobro vidite.

Well, guess what? People that don't play a lot

Možete li da pogodite? Ljudi koji ne igraju puno akcionih

of action games, that don't actually spend a lot of time

igara, koji ne provode puno vremena

in front of screens, have normal, or what we call

ispred monitora, imaju normalan ili kako ga mi zovemo

corrective-to-normal vision. That's okay.

korektivan do normalan vid. To je uredu.

The issue is what happens with these guys that actually

Problem je ono što se u stvari događa onima

indulge into playing video games like five hours per week,

koji se prepuštaju video igrama otprilike pet sati nedeljno,

10 hours per week, 15 hours per week.

10 sati nedeljno,15 sati nedeljno.

By that statement, their vision should be really bad, right?

Po tome, njihov vid bi trebalo da je veoma loš, zar ne?

Guess what? Their vision is really, really good.

Pogodite šta? Njihov vid je veoma, veoma dobar.

It's better than those that don't play.

Bolji nego kod onih koji ne igraju.

And it's better in two different ways.

I bolji je na dva različita načina.

The first way is that they're actually able to resolve

Prvo, oni mogu da prepoznaju

small detail in the context of clutter, and though that means

sitne detatalje u velikoj gužvi, a to znači

being able to read the fine print on a prescription

da mogu da pročitaju sitna slova na lekovima

rather than using magnifier glasses, you can actually do it

i da pritom ne koriste lupu, jednostavno možete

with just your eyesight.

da ih vidite golim okom.

The other way that they are better is actually being able

Druga stvar u kojoj su bolji jeste što mogu

to resolve different levels of gray.

da razlikuju više nivoa sive boje.

Imagine you're driving in a fog. That makes a difference

Zamislite da vozite po magli. Od toga zavisi

between seeing the car in front of you

da li ćete videti auto ispred sebe ili ne

and avoiding the accident, or getting into an accident.

i da li ćete izbeći nesreću, ili ćete imati nesreću.

So we're actually leveraging that work to develop games

Mi u stvari koristimo ova saznanja da bismo razvili igre

for patients with low vision, and to have an impact

za pacijente sa slabim vidom, i da bismo uticali

on retraining their brain to see better.

na njihov mozak da bolje vidi.

Clearly, when it comes to action video games,

Bez sumnje, kada su akcione video igre u pitanju

screen time doesn't make your eyesight worse.

gledanje u monitor vam ne pogoršava vid.

Another saying that I'm sure you have all heard around:

Još jedna zabluda za koju sam sigurna da ste čuli:

Video games lead to attention problems and greater distractability.

video igre izazivaju probleme sa pažnjom i povećanu rastrojenost.

Okay, we know how to measure attention in the lab.

Dobro, znamo kako da merimo pažnju u laboratoriji.

I'm actually going to give you an example of how we do so.

Pokazaću vam jedan primer kako to radimo.

I'm going to ask you to participate, so you're going to have

Zamoliću vas da učestvujete, morate zaista

to actually play the game with me. I'm going to show you

da igrate igru sa mnom. Pokazaću vam

colored words. I want you to shout out the color of the ink.

obojene reči. Hoću da glasno kažete boju slova.

Right? So this is the first example.

U redu? Evo prvog primera.

["Chair"]

["Stolica"]

Orange, good. ["Table"] Green.

Narandžasto, dobro. [‚‚Sto"] Zeleno.

["Board"] Audience: Red.Daphne Bavelier: Red.

[‚‚Tabla"] Publika: Crveno. DB: Crveno.

["Horse"] DB: Yellow. Audience: Yellow.

[‚‚Konj"] DB: Žuto. Publika: Žuto.

["Yellow"] DB: Red. Audience: Yellow.

[‚‚Žuto"] DB: Crveno. Publika: Žuto.

["Blue"] DB: Yellow.

[‚‚Plavo"] DB: Žuto.

Okay, you get my point, right? (Laughter)

U redu, vidite u čemu je stvar, zar ne? (Smeh)

You're getting better, but it's hard. Why is it hard?

Popravljate se, ali je teško. Zašto je teško?

Because I introduced a conflict between

Zato što sam upotrebila nesaglasnost između

the word itself and its color.

same reči i njene boje.

How good your attention is determines actually how fast

Koliko dobru pažnju imate odrediće koliko brzo

you resolve that conflict, so the young guys here

ćete prevazići nesaglasnost, mladi ljudi ovde

at the top of their game probably, like, did a little better

na svom vrhuncu, su verovatno bili malo bolji

than some of us that are older.

od nas starijih.

What we can show is that when you do this kind of task

Možemo da pokažemo da, kada radite ovakav zadatak

with people that play a lot of action games,

sa ljudima koji igraju puno akcionih igara,

they actually resolve the conflict faster.

oni u stvari brže prevazilaze ovu nesaglasnost.

So clearly playing those action games doesn't lead

Očigledno, igranje tih akcionih igara ne izaziva

to attention problems.

probleme sa pažnjom.

Actually, those action video game players have

Zapravo, ljudi koji igraju akcione video igre imaju

many other advantages in terms of attention, and one

mnoge drguge prednosti kada je pažnja u pitanju, a jedan

aspect of attention which is also improved for the better

vid pažnje koji se takođe poboljšava

is our ability to track objects around in the world.

je sposobnost praćenja objekata u svetu.

This is something we use all the time. When you're driving,

To je nešto čime se mi stalno koristimo. Dok vozite,

you're tracking, keeping track of the cars around you.

vi pratite, vodite računa o vozilima oko vas.

You're also keeping track of the pedestrian, the running dog,

Takođe vodite računa o pešacima, psu koji trči,

and that's how you can actually be safe driving, right?

i na taj način, vi vozite bezbedno, zar ne?

In the lab, we get people to come to the lab,

U laboratoriji, ljudi koji dođu u laboratoriju,

sit in front of a computer screen, and we give them

sednu ispred kompjuterskog ekrana i mi im dajemo

little tasks that I'm going to get you to do again.

male zadatke, koje ću vam pokazati.

You're going to see yellow happy faces

Videćete žuta nasmejana lica

and a few sad blue faces. These are children

i nekoliko plavih tužnih lica. Ovo su deca

in the schoolyard in Geneva during a recess

u školskom dvorištu u Ženevi za vreme odmora

during the winter. Most kids are happy. It's actually recess.

zimi. Većina dece je srećna. Odmor je.

But a few kids are sad and blue because they've forgotten their coat.

Ali neka deca su tužna i plava zato što su zaboravila svoje kapute.

Everybody begins to move around, and your task

Svi počinju da se pomeraju, a vaš zadatak je

is to keep track of who had a coat at the beginning

da pratite ko je imao kaput na početku,

and who didn't. So I'm just going to show you an example

a ko nije. Pokazaću vam jedan primer

where there is only one sad kid. It's easy because you can

gde imamo samo jedno jedno tužno dete. Lako je jer možete

actually track it with your eyes. You can track,

jednostavno da ga pratite pogledom. Možete da pratite,

you can track, and then when it stops, and there is

pratite, a kada se zaustavi, pojavi se

a question mark, and I ask you, did this kid have a coat or not?

znak pitanja i pita vas, da li je ovo dete imalo kaput ili ne?

Was it yellow initially or blue?

Da li je na početku bilo žuto ili plavo?

I hear a few yellow. Good. So most of you have a brain. (Laughter)

Čujem nekoliko žutih. Dobro. Dakle većina vas ima mozak. (Smeh)

I'm now going to ask you to do the task, but now with

Sada ću vas zamoliti da uradite zadatak, ali sada će to biti

a little more challenging task. There are going to be

malo zahtevnihi zadatak. Njih troje

three of them that are blue. Don't move your eyes.

će biti obojeni u plavo. Ne pomerajte pogled.

Please don't move your eyes. Keep your eyes fixated

Molim vas ne pomerajte pogled. Neka vam pogled bude fiksiran

and expand, pull your attention. That's the only way

i proširen, privucite svoju pažnju. To je jedini način

you can actually do it. If you move your eyes, you're doomed.

da stvarno uradite ovo. Ako šetate pogledom, gotovi ste.

Yellow or blue?

Žuto ili plavo?

Audience: Yellow.DB: Good.

Publika: Žuto. DB: Dobro.

So your typical normal young adult

Naša tipična normalna mlada odrasla osoba

can have a span of about three or four objects of attention.

može da fokusira pažnju na tri ili četiri objekta.

That's what we just did. Your action video game player

To smo upravo uradili. Oni koji igraju akcione video igre

has a span of about six to seven objects of attention,

mogu da prate šest do sedam objekata,

which is what is shown in this video here.

što se i vidi u ovom videu ovde.

That's for you guys, action video game players.

Ovaj je za vas koji igrate akcione video igre.

A bit more challenging, right? (Laughter)

Malo veći izazov, zar ne? (Smeh)

Yellow or blue? Blue. We have some people

Žuto ili plavo? Plavo. Imamo neke ljude

that are serious out there. Yeah. (Laughter)

koji su ozbiljni tamo. To. (Smeh)

Good. So in the same way that we actually see

Dobro. Na isti način na koji vidimo

the effects of video games on people's behavior,

efekat video igara na ponašanje,

we can use brain imaging and look at the impact

možemo da snimimo mozak i da vidimo uticaj

of video games on the brain, and we do find many changes,

video igara na njega, tada nailazimo na dosta promena,

but the main changes are actually to the brain networks

ali najveće promene su, zapravo, na moždanoj povezanosti

that control attention. So one part is the parietal cortex

koja kontroliše pažnju. Jedan deo je temeni režanj

which is very well known to control the orientation of attention.

za koji je dobro poznato da kontroliše orijentaciju pažnje.

The other one is the frontal lobe, which controls

Drugi je čeoni režanj, koji kontroliše

how we sustain attention, and another one

kako održavamo pažnju, i još jedan

is the anterior cingulate, which controls how we allocate

je prednji cingulat, koji kontroliše kako usredseđujemo

and regulate attention and resolve conflict.

i regulišemo pažnju i rešavamo konflikte.

Now, when we do brain imaging, we find that all three

Sada, kada snimimo mozak, vidimo da su sve tri

of these networks are actually much more efficient

od ovih mreža ustvari mnogo efikasnije

in people that play action games.

kod ljudi koji igraju akcione igre.

This actually leads me to a rather counterintuitive finding

Ovo me vodi do zaključka, u literaturi o tehnologiji i mozgu,

in the literature about technology and the brain.

koji se kosi sa intuicijom.

You all know about multitasking. You all have been faulty

Svi znate šta je "multitasking". Svi ste krivi za

of multitasking when you're driving

"multitasking" za vreme vožnje automobila

and you pick up your cellphone. Bad idea. Very bad idea.

kada uzmete mobilni telefon. Loša ideja. Jako loša ideja.

Why? Because as your attention shifts to your cell phone,

Zašto? Zato što dok se vaša pažnja preusmerava na mobilni telefon,

you are actually losing the capacity to react swiftly

vi ustvari gubite mogućnost da reagujete brzo

to the car braking in front of you, and so you're

na automobil koji koči ispred vas i zato postoji

much more likely to get engaged into a car accident.

mnogo veća šansa da ćete se naći u nesreći.

Now, we can measure that kind of skills in the lab.

Sada, možemo da merimo takve sposobnosti u laboratoriji.

We obviously don't ask people to drive around and see

Očigledno ne teramo ljude da se voze okolo da bismo brojali

how many car accidents they have. That would be a little

koliko će nesreća imati. Cena toga

costly proposition. But we design tasks on the computer

bi bila previsoka. Ali pravimo zadatke na kompjuteru

where we can measure, to millisecond accuracy,

gde možemo da izmerimo, precizno u milisekundu,

how good they are at switching from one task to another.

koliko brzo oni prelaze sa jednog zadatka na drugi.

When we do that, we actually find that people

Na ovaj način, došli smo do zaključka da su ljudi

that play a lot of action games are really, really good.

koji igraju puno akcionih igara zaista, zaista dobri u ovome.

They switch really fast, very swiftly. They pay a very small cost.

Oni se prebacuju veoma brzo, veoma okretno.

Now I'd like you to remember that result, and put it

Sada bih volela da upamtite taj rezultat i stavite ga

in the context of another group of technology users,

u kontekst druge grupe korisnika tehnologije,

a group which is actually much revered by society,

grupe koja je jako cenjena u društvu

which are people that engage in multimedia-tasking.

a to su ljudi koji koriste više medija istovremeno (multimedia-tasking).

What is multimedia-tasking? It's the fact that most of us,

Šta je "multimedia-tasking"? Činjenica je da, većina nas

most of our children, are engaged with listening to music

većina naše dece, sluša muziku

at the same time as they're doing search on the web

dok u isto vreme pretražuje internet

at the same time as they're chatting on Facebook with their friends.

i istovremeno četuje na Fejsbuku sa svojim prijateljima.

That's a multimedia-tasker.

To je "multimedia-tasker".

There was a first study done by colleagues at Stanford

Prvo istraživanje koje su izvršile kolege sa Stanforda,

and that we replicated that showed that

a koje smo mi ponovili, pokazalo je da su

those people that identify as being high multimedia-taskers

ljudi koji kažu da su "multimedijalni-taskeri"

are absolutely abysmal at multitasking.

apsolutno užasni u "multitaskingu".

When we measure them in the lab, they're really bad.

Kada ih ispitamo u laboratoriji, pokazuju se veoma loše.

Right? So these kinds of results really

Zar ne? Ovakvi rezultati nas dovode

makes two main points.

do dva glavna zaključka.

The first one is that not all media are created equal.

Prvi je da nisu svi mediji jednaki.

You can't compare the effect of multimedia-tasking

Ne možete da uporedite efekat "multimedijalnog-taskinga"

and the effect of playing action games. They have

i efekat igranja akcionih video igara. Oni imaju

totally different effects on different aspects of cognition,

potpuno različit efekat na različite vidove saznanja

perception and attention.

percepcije i pažnje.

Even within video games, I'm telling you right now

Čak i u samim video igrama, sada govorim

about these action-packed video games.

o ovim video igrama koje su pune akcije.

Different video games have a different effect on your brains.

Različite video igre različito utiču na vaš mozak.

So we actually need to step into the lab and really measure

Zato moramo da uđemo u laboratoriju i stvarno izmerimo

what is the effect of each video game.

kakav je efekat svake video igre posebno.

The other lesson is that general wisdom carries no weight.

Druga lekcija je da obična mudrost ne znači mnogo.

I showed that to you already, like we looked at the fact that

To sam vam već pokzala, videli smo činjenice da

despite a lot of screen time, those action gamers

uprkos dosta vremena provedenog ispred monitora, gejmeri

have a lot of very good vision, etc.

imaju jako dobar vid, itd.

Here, what was really striking is that these undergraduates

Ono što je stvarno iznenađijuće je da su studenti,

that actually report engaging in a lot of high

koji kažu da se često bave

multimedia-tasking are convinced they aced the test.

"multimedija-taskingom", ubeđeni da su odlično prošli na testu.

So you show them their data, you show them they are bad

Pokažete im njihove podatke, pokažete im da su loši,

and they're like, "Not possible." You know, they have

a oni vam kažu: "Nema šanse." Znate, oni imaju

this sort of gut feeling that, really, they are doing really, really good.

neki osećaj da su stvarno vrlo, vrlo dobri u tome.

That's another argument for why we need to step into the lab

To je još jedan razlog zbog koga moramo da uđemo u laboratoriju

and really measure the impact of technology on the brain.

i stvarno izmerimo uticaj tehnologije na mozak.

Now in a sense, when we think about the effect

U nekom smislu, kada razmišljamo o uticaju

of video games on the brain, it's very similar

video igara na mozak, on je vrlo sličan

to the effect of wine on the health.

uticaju koji vino ima na zdravlje.

There are some very poor uses of wine. There are some

Postoje neke jako loše primene vina. Postoje i neke

very poor uses of video games. But when consumed

jako loše primene video igara. Ali kada ga uzimamo

in reasonable doses, and at the right age,

u razumnim dozama, i sa dovoljno godina,

wine can be very good for health. There are actually

vino može da bude jako povoljno za zdravlje. Zapravo postoje

specific molecules that have been identified

posebni molekuli koji su pronađeni

in red wine as leading to greater life expectancy.

u crnom vinu koji utiču na dužinu života.

So it's the same way, like those action video games

Na isti način, kao što te akcione video igre

have a number of ingredients that are actually really

imaju dosta karakteristika koje ustvari vrlo

powerful for brain plasticity, learning, attention,

snažno utiču na plastičnost mozga, učenje, pažnju,

vision, etc., and so we need and we're working on

vid, itd mi radimo na tome

understanding what are those active ingredients so that

da nađemo koje su to aktivne karakteristike da bismo

we can really then leverage them to deliver better games,

mogli stvarno da ih iskoristimo i da napravimo bolje igre,

either for education or for rehabilitation of patients.

bilo za obrazovanje ili rehabilitaciju pacijenata.

Now because we are interested in having an impact

Pošto želimo da utičemo

for education or rehabilitation of patients, we are actually

na obrazovanje ili rehabilitaciju pacijenata nas ustvari

not that interested in how those of you that choose

ne zanima kakve rezultate postižete

to play video games for many hours on end perform.

vi koji provodite puno vremena igrajući video igre.

I'm much more interested in taking any of you

Mnogo više nas interesuje da na bilo kome od vas

and showing that by forcing you to play an action game,

pokažemo, tako što ćemo vas naterati da igrate akcione igre,

I can actually change your vision for the better,

da ustvari možemo da promenimo vaš vid na bolje,

whether you want to play that action game or not, right?

bez obzira na to da li želite da igrate video igre ili ne.

That's the point of rehabilitation or education.

U tome je svrha rehabilitacije ili obrazovanja.

Most of the kids don't go to school saying,

Većina dece koja idu školu neće reći:

"Great, two hours of math!"

"Super, dva sata matematike!"

So that's really the crux of the research, and to do that,

To je u stvari srž ovog istraživanja, a da bismo to postigli,

we need to go one more step.

treba da napravimo sledeći korak.

And one more step is to do training studies.

A sledeći korak je da sprovedemo istraživanje u treniranju.

So let me illustrate that step with

Dozvolite mi da objasnim ovaj korak

a task which is called mental rotation.

zadatkom koji se zove mentalna rotacija.

Mental rotation is a task where I'm going to ask you,

Mentalna rotacija je zadatak, zamoliću vas -

and again you're going to do the task,

i vi ćete da rešite zadatak -

to look at this shape. Study it, it's a target shape,

da pogledate ovu figuru. Proučite je, to je tražena figura,

and I'm going to present to you four different shapes.

pokazaću vam ćetiri različite figure.

One of these four different shapes is actually a rotated

Jedna od te četiri različite figure je zapravo rotirana

version of this shape. I want you to tell me which one:

verzija ove figure. Kažite mi koja:

the first one, second one, third one or fourth one?

prva, druga, treća ili četvrta?

Okay, I'll help you. Fourth one.

Dobro, pomoći ću vam. Četvrta je.

One more. Get those brains working. Come on.

Još jednom. Uključite mozak. Hajde.

That's our target shape.

To je naša tražena figura.

Third. Good! This is hard, right?

Treća. Odlično! Teško je, zar ne?

Like, the reason that I asked you to do that is because

Razlog zašto sam vas zamolila da uradite ovo je što

you really feel your brain cringing, right?

stvarno možete da osetite kako vam se mozak grči, zar ne?

It doesn't really feel like playing mindless action video games.

Baš i ne izgleda kao da igrate prazne akcione video igre.

Well, what we do in these training studies is, people

Pa, ono čime se bavimo u ovom istraživanju je sledeće:

come to the lab, they do tasks like this one,

ljudi dođu u laboratoriju, urade jedan ovakav zadatak

we then force them to play 10 hours of action games.

onda ih mi primoramo da igraju akcione igre 10 sati.

They don't play 10 hours of action games in a row.

Oni ne igraju 10 sati odjednom.

They do distributed practice, so little shots of 40 minutes

Rasporede svoje vreme tako da igraju po 40 minuta

several days over a period of two weeks.

nekoliko dana u periodu od dve nedelje.

Then, once they are done with the training, they come back

Onda, kada završe sa treningom, vraćaju se

a few days later and they are tested again on a similar type

nekoliko dana kasnije i ponovo ih testiramo na sličnoj vrsti

of mental rotation task. So this is work from a colleague

mentalno rotacionog zadatka. Ovo je rad kolege

in Toronto. What they showed is that, initially,

iz Toronta. Oni su pokazali da, u početku,

you know, subjects perform where they are expected

znate, ispitanici daju očekivane rezultate

to perform given their age. After two weeks of training

za određeno starosno doba. Posle dve nedelje treninga

on action video games, they actually perform better,

sa akcionim video igrama, oni ustvari daju bolje rezultate

and the improvement is still there five months after

i poboljšanje je još uvek tu pet meseci posle

having done the training. That's really, really important.

završetka treninga. To je vrlo, vrlo važno.

Why? Because I told you we want to use these games

Zašto? Zato što sam vam rekla da želimo da koristimo ove igre

for education or for rehabilitation. We need to have effects

u obrazovanju i rehabilitaciji. Trebaju nam rezultati

that are going to be long-lasting.

koji će biti trajni.

Now, at this point, a number of you are probably wondering

U ovom trenutku se mnogi od vas verovatno pitaju

well, what are you waiting for, to put on the market

pa, šta čekate, zašto ne izbacite na tržište

a game that would be good for the attention

igru koja bi bila dobra za pažnju

of my grandmother and that she would actually enjoy,

moje bake i u kojoj bi ona stvarno uživala

or a game that would be great to rehabilitate the vision

ili igru koja bi bila odlična za rehabilitaciju vida

of my grandson who has amblyopia, for example?

mog unuka koji boluje od ambliopije, na primer?

Well, we're working on it, but here is a challenge.

Pa, radimo na tome, ali postoji izazov.

There are brain scientists like me that are beginning

Postoje neurolozi, kao što sam ja, koji počinju

to understand what are the good ingredients in games

da shvataju koji su dobri sastavni delovi igara

to promote positive effects, and that's what I'm going

za postizanje pozitivnih rezultata, nazvaću to

to call the broccoli side of the equation.

"brokoli" strana jednačine.

There is an entertainment software industry

Postoji industija softvera za zabavu

which is extremely deft at coming up with

koja je veoma vešta u osmišljavanju

appealing products that you can't resist.

privlačnih proizvoda kojima ne možete da odolite.

That's the chocolate side of the equation.

To je "čokoladna" strana jednačine.

The issue is we need to put the two together,

Problem je sastaviti te dve strane,

and it's a little bit like with food.

što pomalo podseća na hranu.

Who really wants to eat chocolate-covered broccoli?

Ko bi uopšte hteo da jede brokoli preliven čokoladom?

None of you. (Laughter) And you probably have had

Niko. (Smeh) I verovatno ste imali takvo iskustvo

that feeling, right, picking up an education game

zar ne? Uzmete igru za učenje

and sort of feeling, hmm, you know, it's not really fun,

i nekako osetite da, hmm, znate, baš i nije zabavna,

it's not really engaging. So what we need

nije baš zanimljiva. Ono što nama treba

is really a new brand of chocolate, a brand of chocolate

je ustvari nova vrsta čokolade, vrsta čokolade

that is irresistible, that you really want to play,

koja je neodoljiva, koju stvarno želite da igrate,

but that has all the ingredients, the good ingredients

ali koja ima sve sastojke, dobre sastojke

that are extracted from the broccoli that you can't recognize

koji se nalaze u brokoliju koje ne možete da prepoznate

but are still working on your brains. And we're working on it,

ali koji ipak utiču na vaš mozak. I mi radimo na tome,

but it takes brain scientists to come and to get together,

ali je neophodno da se neurolozi okupe

people that work in the entertainment software industry,

sa ljudima koji rade u industriji za proizvodnju softvera za zabavu

and publishers, so these are not people that usually

i sa izdavačima, ovo nisu ljudi koji se obično

meet every day, but it's actually doable,

sastaju svakodnevno, ali je izvodljivo

and we are on the right track.

i na pravom smo putu.

I'd like to leave you with that thought,

Želim da imate to na umu

and thank you for your attention. (Applause)

i da vam se zahvalim na pažnji. (Aplauz)

(Applause)

(Aplauz)