Your brain on video games | Daphne Bavelier

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

翻译人员: Jiayi Wang 校对人员: dahong zhang

I'm a brain scientist, and as a brain scientist,

我是一个脑科学家，而作为一个脑科学家，

I'm actually interested in how the brain learns,

我对于大脑是如何学习的很感兴趣。

and I'm especially interested in a possibility of

我尤为感兴趣的是将我们的大脑变得

making our brains smarter, better and faster.

更聪明，更优秀，更迅速的可能性。

This is in this context I'm going to tell you

在这个前提下，我想谈谈电子游戏。

about video games. When we say video games,

当我们说到电子游戏的时候，

most of you think about children.

大多数人都会想到孩子。

It's true. Ninety percent of children do play video games.

没错。90%的孩子的确玩电子游戏。

But let's be frank.

但是说实话，

When the kids are in bed, who is in front of the PlayStation?

当孩子们都睡着了，是谁在玩Play Station游戏机呢？

Most of you. The average age of a gamer is 33 years old,

是你们。电子游戏玩家的平均年龄是33岁，

not eight years old, and in fact, if we look

不是8岁。

at the projected demographics of video game play,

其实，如果我们看看对于未来电子游戏玩家的预测，

the video game players of tomorrow are

未来的玩家将是

older adults. (Laughter)

中老年人。（笑）

So video [gaming] is pervasive throughout our society.

由此看来电子游戏渗透在了我们的社会中。

It is clearly here to stay. It has an amazing impact

而它很明显的还会继续存在下去。

on our everyday life. Consider these statistics

它对于我们的日常生活有非常惊人的影响。

released by Activision. After one month of release

这里列的是一些由美国动视公司公布的统计数据。

of the game "Call Of Duty: Black Ops," it had been played

在《使命召唤：黑暗行动》发布后的一个月内，

for 68,000 years

它在全世界范围内的

worldwide, right?

累积游戏时间就达到了六万八千年。

Would any of you complain if this was the case

如果把这些时间都用在做线性代数的题目上了，

about doing linear algebra?

你们还会有抱怨吗？

So what we are asking in the lab is, how can we leverage that power?

所以我们现在的问题就是如何利用这种惊人的能量。

Now I want to step back a bit.

我们先退一步。

I know most of you have had the experience of coming back

我知道你们可能不少都有过下班回家

home and finding your kids playing these kinds of games.

发现孩子在玩这类游戏的经历。

(Shooting noises) The name of the game is to get

（射击噪音）这些游戏的目标

after your enemy zombie bad guys

一般就是在敌人、僵尸、坏人

before they get to you, right?

打倒你之前先打倒他们。

And I'm almost sure most of you have thought,

我可以推测，你们可能大多都想过：

"Oh, come on, can't you do something more intelligent

“拜托，你就不能做点比射杀僵尸

than shooting at zombies?"

更能体现智商的事情吗？”

I'd like you to put this kind of knee-jerk reaction

但是如果你发现

in the context of what you would have thought

你的女儿在玩数独，

if you had found your girl playing sudoku

或是儿子在读莎士比亚的时候，

or your boy reading Shakespeare. Right?

你还会有这样的条件反射吗？

Most parents would find that great.

大多数家长们都会倍感欣慰。

Well, I'm not going to tell you that playing video games

我不是要告诉你们成天玩游戏

days in and days out is actually good for your health.

是对身体有益的。

It's not, and binging is never good.

那是不健康的，而且过度沉迷永远不会是件好事。

But I'm going to argue that in reasonable doses,

但我想要说服大家的是适量地

actually the very game I showed you at the beginning,

玩玩我们刚才提到的游戏，

those action-packed shooter games

就是那些动作射击游戏，

have quite powerful effects and positive effects

对我们的反应在各种层面上

on many different aspects of our behavior.

有可观的正面影响。

There's not one week that goes without some major

几乎没哪个星期媒体

headlines in the media about whether video games are

不写几条关于电子游戏

good or bad for you, right? You're all bombarded with that.

是好是坏的头条。你们被这样的信息轰炸着。

I'd like to put this kind of Friday night bar discussion aside

我们现在先不谈这个适合闲来无事争论一下的话题，

and get you to actually step into the lab.

而是看看在实验室中得到的结果。

What we do in the lab is actually measure directly,

我们在实验室里的工作就是直接准确地测试、

in a quantitative fashion, what is the impact

量化电子游戏

of video games on the brain.

对于大脑的影响。

And so I'm going to take a few examples from our work.

我想要举几个我们在研究中发现的例子。

One first saying that I'm sure you all have heard

这第一个说法，我想大多数人都听说过：

is the fact that too much screen time

看太久屏幕

makes your eyesight worse.

会导致视力下降。

That's a statement about vision.

这是个关于视力的说法。

There may be vision scientists among you.

也许你们中有人是视觉方面的专家，

We actually know how to test that statement.

我们知道如何检验这个说法。

We can step into the lab and measure how good your vision is.

我们可以在实验室中测出你的视力到底怎么样。

Well, guess what? People that don't play a lot

你猜结果怎么样？不经常玩游戏

of action games, that don't actually spend a lot of time

也不经常看屏幕的人

in front of screens, have normal, or what we call

视力正常，

corrective-to-normal vision. That's okay.

或者说定义为正常。这没什么问题。

The issue is what happens with these guys that actually

现在我们要关注的是那些

indulge into playing video games like five hours per week,

每周花5个小时，

10 hours per week, 15 hours per week.

10个小时，15个小时沉迷于游戏的那些人。

By that statement, their vision should be really bad, right?

根据刚才的说法这些人的视力应该很差，对吗？

Guess what? Their vision is really, really good.

你猜怎么着？这些人的视力居然非常好。

It's better than those that don't play.

甚至比那些不玩游戏的人视力还要好。

And it's better in two different ways.

他们视力好体现在两个方面。

The first way is that they're actually able to resolve

其一是他们可以在杂乱中

small detail in the context of clutter, and though that means

看到细节。也就是说

being able to read the fine print on a prescription

在看药品说明上的小字的时候

rather than using magnifier glasses, you can actually do it

不需要放大镜，

with just your eyesight.

靠肉眼就能看清。

The other way that they are better is actually being able

其二是他们能够

to resolve different levels of gray.

分辨不同的灰度。

Imagine you're driving in a fog. That makes a difference

想象一下你在大雾中开车。有分辨灰度的能力

between seeing the car in front of you

能够让你分辨前方汽车，

and avoiding the accident, or getting into an accident.

意味着你是否能避免车祸的发生。

So we're actually leveraging that work to develop games

我们现在正在用这个发现开发游戏

for patients with low vision, and to have an impact

帮助视力不好的病人重新训练他们的大脑，

on retraining their brain to see better.

让他们能看得更好。

Clearly, when it comes to action video games,

通过研究我们很明显地发现，对于玩动作电子游戏的人来说，

screen time doesn't make your eyesight worse.

玩游戏的时间长并不意味着视力变差。

Another saying that I'm sure you have all heard around:

另一个我相信大家都听说过的说法是

Video games lead to attention problems and greater distractability.

电子游戏会让人难以集中注意力。

Okay, we know how to measure attention in the lab.

我们知道怎么在实验室中测量一个人注意力的集中程度。

I'm actually going to give you an example of how we do so.

我将带给大家一个测量的例子。

I'm going to ask you to participate, so you're going to have

我希望大家都能参与进来，

to actually play the game with me. I'm going to show you

所以需要大家一起和我做这个游戏。

colored words. I want you to shout out the color of the ink.

我将展示一些有颜色的单词。我希望大家大声说出字体的颜色。

Right? So this is the first example.

明白了吗？马上是第一个例子。

["Chair"]

（“椅子”）

Orange, good. ["Table"] Green.

橙色，很好。（“桌子”）绿色。

["Board"] Audience: Red.Daphne Bavelier: Red.

（“木板”）红色。

["Horse"] DB: Yellow. Audience: Yellow.

（“马”）达芙妮 芭菲莉亚：黄色。观众：黄色

["Yellow"] DB: Red. Audience: Yellow.

（“黄色”）达芙妮 芭菲莉亚：红色。观众：货色。

["Blue"] DB: Yellow.

（“蓝色”）达芙妮 芭菲莉亚：黄色。

Okay, you get my point, right? (Laughter)

大家明白我做这个游戏的意思了吧？（笑声）

You're getting better, but it's hard. Why is it hard?

你们做得越来越好，但是这还是很难。为什么会觉得难？

Because I introduced a conflict between

因为在这个游戏里

the word itself and its color.

文字本身的意思和它字体的颜色是矛盾的。

How good your attention is determines actually how fast

你的注意力有多集中决定了你能多快

you resolve that conflict, so the young guys here

解决这个矛盾。

at the top of their game probably, like, did a little better

所以状态最佳的年轻人们会比

than some of us that are older.

我们中有些年龄大些的表现好一点。

What we can show is that when you do this kind of task

我们会发现如果

with people that play a lot of action games,

普通人和经常玩游戏的人一起做这个游戏的时候，

they actually resolve the conflict faster.

经常玩动作电子游戏的人能更快地处理其中的矛盾。

So clearly playing those action games doesn't lead

所以很明显地，玩动作电子游戏不会导致

to attention problems.

注意力产生问题或是更容易分心。

Actually, those action video game players have

事实上，动作电子游戏的玩家

many other advantages in terms of attention, and one

在注意力方面还有很多其他优势。

aspect of attention which is also improved for the better

其中之一得到提高的是能够更好地

is our ability to track objects around in the world.

追踪周围的物体。

This is something we use all the time. When you're driving,

这个能力我们很多时候都会用到。

you're tracking, keeping track of the cars around you.

开车的时候你在追踪，追踪着周围的车子。

You're also keeping track of the pedestrian, the running dog,

你也在追踪着行人和奔跑着的狗，

and that's how you can actually be safe driving, right?

做到了这点才能安全驾驶，对吗？

In the lab, we get people to come to the lab,

在实验室里，我们会找人到实验室里，

sit in front of a computer screen, and we give them

坐在电脑屏幕前，然后给他们些小任务，

little tasks that I'm going to get you to do again.

我将要让大家再做一遍相同的小任务。

You're going to see yellow happy faces

你们将要看到黄色的笑脸

and a few sad blue faces. These are children

和一些蓝色的哭脸。这代表了

in the schoolyard in Geneva during a recess

冬天日内瓦的孩子们课间在操场上玩。

during the winter. Most kids are happy. It's actually recess.

大多数孩子很开心因为下课了，

But a few kids are sad and blue because they've forgotten their coat.

但是还是有几个不太开心用蓝色代表，因为他们忘记穿外套了。

Everybody begins to move around, and your task

这些孩子开始到处移动，而你们的任务

is to keep track of who had a coat at the beginning

就是记住谁一开始

and who didn't. So I'm just going to show you an example

有外套，谁没有。现在的这个例子里面

where there is only one sad kid. It's easy because you can

只有一个哭脸。这很简单因为你可以

actually track it with your eyes. You can track,

用眼睛追踪着它。你看着它，

you can track, and then when it stops, and there is

看着它，然后它停住了，上面有一个问号。

a question mark, and I ask you, did this kid have a coat or not?

我的问题是，这个孩子有外套吗？

Was it yellow initially or blue?

这张脸一开始是黄色的还是蓝色的？

I hear a few yellow. Good. So most of you have a brain. (Laughter)

我听到了几个人说是黄色的，很好，大家还是有点儿头脑的。（笑声）

I'm now going to ask you to do the task, but now with

现在我们再做一遍，不过这次

a little more challenging task. There are going to be

加大点难度，

three of them that are blue. Don't move your eyes.

有三个蓝色的脸。不要看其他地方，

Please don't move your eyes. Keep your eyes fixated

千万不要看其他的地方。不要移动你的目光，

and expand, pull your attention. That's the only way

尽量使用你的余光，集中注意力。

you can actually do it. If you move your eyes, you're doomed.

只有这样你才能成功。如果你移动了你的眼睛就肯定失败了。

Yellow or blue?

黄色还是蓝色？

Audience: Yellow.DB: Good.

观众：黄色。达芙妮 芭菲莉亚：很好。

So your typical normal young adult

一般普通年轻人

can have a span of about three or four objects of attention.

的注意范围大概是三到四个物体。

That's what we just did. Your action video game player

就像我们刚才看到的那样。而动作电子游戏的玩家

has a span of about six to seven objects of attention,

一次可以注意到六到七个物体。

which is what is shown in this video here.

像这个视频里一样。

That's for you guys, action video game players.

轮到你们大显神通了，游戏玩家们。

A bit more challenging, right? (Laughter)

有点挑战性了，对吗？

Yellow or blue? Blue. We have some people

黄色的还是蓝色的？的确是蓝色的。

that are serious out there. Yeah. (Laughter)

在座的有些人很有一手嘛！（笑声）很好！

Good. So in the same way that we actually see

我们可以直接看到

the effects of video games on people's behavior,

电子游戏对于人反应的影响，

we can use brain imaging and look at the impact

同样的，我们也可以通过脑成像技术

of video games on the brain, and we do find many changes,

看看电子游戏对大脑的影响。我们看到很多改变，

but the main changes are actually to the brain networks

但是最主要的变化还是表现在大脑控制注意力的部分。

that control attention. So one part is the parietal cortex

其中之一是众所周知

which is very well known to control the orientation of attention.

控制注意力方面的大脑顶叶皮层。

The other one is the frontal lobe, which controls

还有一个则是控制我们

how we sustain attention, and another one

如何保持注意力的大脑额叶。

is the anterior cingulate, which controls how we allocate

另有一个是控制我们如何分配和调节注意力

and regulate attention and resolve conflict.

以及处理矛盾的前扣带皮层。

Now, when we do brain imaging, we find that all three

现在，当我们做脑成像的时候，我们会发现

of these networks are actually much more efficient

游戏玩家大脑的这三个神经网络结构

in people that play action games.

都比一般人的更有效率。

This actually leads me to a rather counterintuitive finding

这些使我从文献中找到了

in the literature about technology and the brain.

关于科技和大脑违背一般人常识的发现。

You all know about multitasking. You all have been faulty

你们都知道"多任务处理"(multitasking)。

of multitasking when you're driving

一边开车

and you pick up your cellphone. Bad idea. Very bad idea.

一边拿起手机的多任务处理不是明智之举。非常糟糕。

Why? Because as your attention shifts to your cell phone,

为什么？因为你的注意力实际上转移到了你的手机上，

you are actually losing the capacity to react swiftly

于是不能对前面的车况

to the car braking in front of you, and so you're

做出敏捷的反应。所以你

much more likely to get engaged into a car accident.

出车祸的可能性大大增加了。

Now, we can measure that kind of skills in the lab.

现在我们可以在实验室中测量这种能力。

We obviously don't ask people to drive around and see

我们当然不会让人开着车到处跑

how many car accidents they have. That would be a little

然后看看会出几场车祸。这个方案代价有点高。

costly proposition. But we design tasks on the computer

但是我们可以通过特殊设计的电脑程序

where we can measure, to millisecond accuracy,

精确到以毫秒为单位测量

how good they are at switching from one task to another.

考察人们能多快地在不同任务间切换。

When we do that, we actually find that people

当我们做这样的实验的时候，我们发现

that play a lot of action games are really, really good.

玩很多动作电子游戏的人完成得真的非常非常好。

They switch really fast, very swiftly. They pay a very small cost.

他们在任务间的切换非常快速敏捷。他们所付出的代价很小。

Now I'd like you to remember that result, and put it

现在，我希望大家记住这个结论，

in the context of another group of technology users,

把它带入到另外一群科技使用者的背景下。

a group which is actually much revered by society,

这些可以“多媒体任务处理”（multimediatasking）

which are people that engage in multimedia-tasking.

的人相当受社会推崇。

What is multimedia-tasking? It's the fact that most of us,

什么叫“多媒体任务处理”？

most of our children, are engaged with listening to music

我们中的很多人还有很多孩子都会一边听着音乐

at the same time as they're doing search on the web

一边上网搜索信息

at the same time as they're chatting on Facebook with their friends.

一边和朋友在脸谱网上聊天。

That's a multimedia-tasker.

这就是可以“多媒体任务处理”的人。

There was a first study done by colleagues at Stanford

有一个试验由斯坦福的研究人员们先做，

and that we replicated that showed that

我们又进行了重复试验过的研究表明

those people that identify as being high multimedia-taskers

被认为是高效的“多媒体任务处理者”

are absolutely abysmal at multitasking.

多任务处理的能力非常糟糕。

When we measure them in the lab, they're really bad.

他们在实验室里被测量的表现真的很差。

Right? So these kinds of results really

这样的结果主要

makes two main points.

说明了两个问题。

The first one is that not all media are created equal.

第一，不是所有的媒体都生来平等。

You can't compare the effect of multimedia-tasking

不能比较多媒体处理对人的影响和

and the effect of playing action games. They have

玩动作电子游戏对人的影响进行比较。

totally different effects on different aspects of cognition,

他们对于认知，知觉和注意力

perception and attention.

的影响都是完全不同的。

Even within video games, I'm telling you right now

就算是在电子游戏之中，我指的是

about these action-packed video games.

动作电子游戏中，

Different video games have a different effect on your brains.

不同的游戏对你的大脑的影响也是不同的。

So we actually need to step into the lab and really measure

所以我们需要在实验室中测量

what is the effect of each video game.

每个游戏的影响分别是什么。

The other lesson is that general wisdom carries no weight.

第二，所谓的常识很多时候是不靠谱的。

I showed that to you already, like we looked at the fact that

像我刚才讲到的

despite a lot of screen time, those action gamers

虽然动作电子游戏的玩家长时间看屏幕，

have a lot of very good vision, etc.

但他们的视力依然很好就是例子之一。

Here, what was really striking is that these undergraduates

现在最让人担忧的是那些

that actually report engaging in a lot of high

常常多媒体任务处理的

multimedia-tasking are convinced they aced the test.

大学生们深信他们表现得很好。

So you show them their data, you show them they are bad

你把他们的数据给他们看，告诉他们其实他们表现得不怎么样，

and they're like, "Not possible." You know, they have

但是他们觉得那根本不可能。

this sort of gut feeling that, really, they are doing really, really good.

他们却觉得实际上自己做得非常非常好。

That's another argument for why we need to step into the lab

这也是为什么我们需要在实验室里

and really measure the impact of technology on the brain.

真正地去测量科技对于大脑的影响。

Now in a sense, when we think about the effect

从某种意义上来说，我们可以

of video games on the brain, it's very similar

认为电子游戏对于大脑的影响

to the effect of wine on the health.

和酒对于健康的影响很相似。

There are some very poor uses of wine. There are some

喝酒可能会造成很糟糕的结果，

very poor uses of video games. But when consumed

玩电子游戏也是。但是如果在

in reasonable doses, and at the right age,

年龄合适的时候适当地喝一些，

wine can be very good for health. There are actually

酒可以很有利于健康。

specific molecules that have been identified

实际上，红酒已经被鉴定出

in red wine as leading to greater life expectancy.

含有能让人延年益寿的分子。

So it's the same way, like those action video games

同样的，动作电子游戏里也有能对大脑的可塑性，

have a number of ingredients that are actually really

学习，注意力，视力等方方面面

powerful for brain plasticity, learning, attention,

有非常有力影响的成分。

vision, etc., and so we need and we're working on

所以我们现在需要做也正在

understanding what are those active ingredients so that

做的就是了解这些积极的成分，

we can really then leverage them to deliver better games,

然后为了教育或病人的复原

either for education or for rehabilitation of patients.

真正地利用它们开发出更好的游戏。

Now because we are interested in having an impact

既然我们关注的是对于

for education or rehabilitation of patients, we are actually

教育和病人复原造成影响，

not that interested in how those of you that choose

我们并不太关心那些连续玩

to play video games for many hours on end perform.

很多个小时电子游戏的人的表现。

I'm much more interested in taking any of you

我更感兴趣的是从你们中随便选一个人

and showing that by forcing you to play an action game,

然后证明强迫你玩动作游戏

I can actually change your vision for the better,

能提高你的视力，

whether you want to play that action game or not, right?

不管你到底想不想玩动作游戏。

That's the point of rehabilitation or education.

这也是医疗康复和教育的重点。

Most of the kids don't go to school saying,

大多数孩子不会上学的时候说

"Great, two hours of math!"

"太棒了！能上两个小时的数学课！"

So that's really the crux of the research, and to do that,

这也是做研究的难题，为了解决它，

we need to go one more step.

我们要往前再进一步。

And one more step is to do training studies.

而这往前的一步就是训练研究。

So let me illustrate that step with

让我通过一个叫做“心智旋转”的

a task which is called mental rotation.

任务告诉大家这一步到底是什么。

Mental rotation is a task where I'm going to ask you,

心智旋转是一个要你们观察这个形状的任务，

and again you're going to do the task,

这一次也需要大家都参与进来。

to look at this shape. Study it, it's a target shape,

看着它，这是我们的目标形状。

and I'm going to present to you four different shapes.

现在我给你们看四个不同的形状。

One of these four different shapes is actually a rotated

这四个中的一个是由这个形状旋转得到的。

version of this shape. I want you to tell me which one:

我希望你们能告诉我是哪一个。

the first one, second one, third one or fourth one?

第一个，第二个，第三个还是第四个？

Okay, I'll help you. Fourth one.

好吧，这次我先公布答案，是第四个。

One more. Get those brains working. Come on.

再来一次。让你们的脑子动起来。

That's our target shape.

这个是我们的目标形状。

Third. Good! This is hard, right?

第三个。很好！这有点难是吗？

Like, the reason that I asked you to do that is because

我让大家做这个小游戏

you really feel your brain cringing, right?

就是因为它能让你们感到头脑在打结。

It doesn't really feel like playing mindless action video games.

这和玩不需要动脑子的动作电子游戏感觉不太一样。

Well, what we do in these training studies is, people

我们在训练研究中做的就是让来

come to the lab, they do tasks like this one,

实验室的人完成和这个任务类似的任务，

we then force them to play 10 hours of action games.

然后我们强迫他们玩十个小时的动作游戏。

They don't play 10 hours of action games in a row.

不是连续玩十个小时而是分散地玩，

They do distributed practice, so little shots of 40 minutes

比如说在两周内的几天里

several days over a period of two weeks.

每天花上40分钟。

Then, once they are done with the training, they come back

然后等他们完成了训练，几天后再到实验室

a few days later and they are tested again on a similar type

并被测试相似类型的心智旋转任务的完成情况。

of mental rotation task. So this is work from a colleague

这个工作是我们一个多伦多的同事完成的。

in Toronto. What they showed is that, initially,

他们发现一开始参加实验的人的表现

you know, subjects perform where they are expected

和他们那个年龄段应有的差不多。

to perform given their age. After two weeks of training

玩了两个星期的

on action video games, they actually perform better,

动作电子游戏以后，他们的表现变得更好了。

and the improvement is still there five months after

这个提高在训练后的五个月后仍然有体现。

having done the training. That's really, really important.

这一点非常非常重要。

Why? Because I told you we want to use these games

为什么？因为就像我说的我们想要

for education or for rehabilitation. We need to have effects

把这些游戏用在教育和医疗康复上。

that are going to be long-lasting.

这需要效果能够持久存在。

Now, at this point, a number of you are probably wondering

现在，你们中的不少人大概在想：

well, what are you waiting for, to put on the market

"你们还在等什么？为什么不快点发行

a game that would be good for the attention

一款像是对我祖母的注意力有帮助

of my grandmother and that she would actually enjoy,

而且让她喜欢的游戏，

or a game that would be great to rehabilitate the vision

或者是一款能使眼睛弱视的

of my grandson who has amblyopia, for example?

孙子视力复原的游戏？"

Well, we're working on it, but here is a challenge.

我们在努力，但是有一个挑战。

There are brain scientists like me that are beginning

有一些像我一样的脑科学家开始

to understand what are the good ingredients in games

了解游戏中能带来

to promote positive effects, and that's what I'm going

积极效果的成分，

to call the broccoli side of the equation.

我把这叫做等式的花椰菜侧。

There is an entertainment software industry

而娱乐软件产业

which is extremely deft at coming up with

总能敏锐地开发出

appealing products that you can't resist.

让人无法抗拒地产品。

That's the chocolate side of the equation.

这是等式的巧克力侧。

The issue is we need to put the two together,

问题是我们怎么把这两者结合起来，

and it's a little bit like with food.

这个过程有点像是各种食材的搭配。

Who really wants to eat chocolate-covered broccoli?

有谁会想吃沾着巧克力的花椰菜吗？

None of you. (Laughter) And you probably have had

没有人。（笑声）你们可能有过这种感受，

that feeling, right, picking up an education game

当你们开始玩一个教育游戏，

and sort of feeling, hmm, you know, it's not really fun,

然后感觉到，怎么说呢，它并不好玩也没那么引人入胜。

it's not really engaging. So what we need

所以我们真正需要的是

is really a new brand of chocolate, a brand of chocolate

一种新牌子的巧克力，一种让人无法抗拒的巧克力。

that is irresistible, that you really want to play,

让你想吃的同时

but that has all the ingredients, the good ingredients

包含了所有应该有的成分，

that are extracted from the broccoli that you can't recognize

那些从花椰菜中提取出来已经尝不出来

but are still working on your brains. And we're working on it,

但仍然对大脑有作用的有益成分。我们正在朝这个方向努力，

but it takes brain scientists to come and to get together,

但是这需要脑科学家，

people that work in the entertainment software industry,

娱乐软件界的人们和发行商的合作。

and publishers, so these are not people that usually

这些人一般不怎么聚到一起，

meet every day, but it's actually doable,

但这样的合作是能做到的，

and we are on the right track.

而我们的工作已经上了轨道。

I'd like to leave you with that thought,

今天我就以这个想法结束，

and thank you for your attention. (Applause)

谢谢大家关注。（掌声）

(Applause)

（掌声）