Your brain on video games | Daphne Bavelier

6,781,340 views ใƒป 2012-11-19

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
I'm a brain scientist, and as a brain scientist,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืžื•ื—, ื•ื›ื›ื–ื•
00:18
I'm actually interested in how the brain learns,
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ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืื™ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ืœื•ืžื“,
00:22
and I'm especially interested in a possibility of
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ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืื ื™ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืืคืฉืจื•ืช
00:25
making our brains smarter, better and faster.
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ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื• ืœื—ื›ื, ืžื”ื™ืจ ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:30
This is in this context I'm going to tell you
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ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื
00:32
about video games. When we say video games,
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ืขืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘. ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘,
00:35
most of you think about children.
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ืจื•ื‘ื›ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
00:38
It's true. Ninety percent of children do play video games.
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ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. 90% ืžื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืื›ืŸ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘.
00:42
But let's be frank.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื”ื™ื” ื›ื ื™ื.
00:45
When the kids are in bed, who is in front of the PlayStation?
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื™ืฉื•ืŸ, ืžื™ ืชื•ืคืก ืืช ื”ืคืœื™ื™ืกื˜ื™ื™ืฉืŸ?
00:49
Most of you. The average age of a gamer is 33 years old,
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ืจื•ื‘ื›ื. ื”ื’ื™ืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ืฉืœ ื’ื™ื™ืžืจ ื”ื•ื 33,
00:56
not eight years old, and in fact, if we look
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ืœื 8, ื•ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื ื‘ื™ื˜
00:59
at the projected demographics of video game play,
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ืขืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื”ื—ื–ื•ื™ื” ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘,
01:03
the video game players of tomorrow are
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ื”ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืจ ื”ื
01:05
older adults. (Laughter)
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ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:09
So video [gaming] is pervasive throughout our society.
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ืื– ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
01:13
It is clearly here to stay. It has an amazing impact
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ื•ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื”ื ื™ื™ืฉืืจื• ื›ืืœื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื–ื” ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”
01:17
on our everyday life. Consider these statistics
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ืขืœ ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ืžื™ื•ื ืฉืœื ื•. ื—ื™ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ื‘ืื™ื
01:21
released by Activision. After one month of release
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ืฉืคื•ืจืกืžื• ืข"ื™ "ืืงื˜ื™ื•ื™ื–'ืŸ". ื—ื•ื“ืฉ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ื•ืฆืืช
01:26
of the game "Call Of Duty: Black Ops," it had been played
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ื”ืžืฉื—ืง "ืงื•ืœ ืื•ืฃ ื“ื™ื•ื˜ื™: ื‘ืœืง ืื•ืคืก", ืฉื™ื—ืงื• ื‘ื•
01:31
for 68,000 years
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ื‘ืžืฉืš 68,000 ืฉื ื”
01:34
worldwide, right?
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ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:36
Would any of you complain if this was the case
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ื”ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžื›ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชืœื•ื ืŸ ืื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ
01:39
about doing linear algebra?
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ื‘ืชืจื’ื•ืœ ืืœื’ื‘ืจื” ืœื™ื ืืจื™ืช?
01:42
So what we are asking in the lab is, how can we leverage that power?
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ืื– ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื: ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื ืฃ ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ื”?
01:46
Now I want to step back a bit.
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ืื—ื–ื•ืจ ืจื’ืข ืœืื—ื•ืจ.
01:48
I know most of you have had the experience of coming back
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ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉืจื•ื‘ื›ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื‘ื” ืืชื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื”
01:52
home and finding your kids playing these kinds of games.
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ื•ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื›ืืœื”.
01:56
(Shooting noises) The name of the game is to get
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(ื™ืจื™ื•ืช). ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ื”ื™ื ืœื—ืกืœ
01:58
after your enemy zombie bad guys
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ืืช ื”ืื•ื™ื‘ ื”ื–ื•ืžื‘ื™ ื”ืจืข
02:01
before they get to you, right?
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ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžื—ืกืœ ืื•ืชืš. ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
02:05
And I'm almost sure most of you have thought,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ื›ื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื,
02:08
"Oh, come on, can't you do something more intelligent
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"ื ื• ื‘ืืžืช, ืืชื” ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืžืฉื”ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ื˜ื™
02:11
than shooting at zombies?"
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ืžืืฉืจ ืœื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ื–ื•ืžื‘ื™ื?"
02:15
I'd like you to put this kind of knee-jerk reaction
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ืช ื”ื–ื•
02:18
in the context of what you would have thought
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ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
02:21
if you had found your girl playing sudoku
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ืื™ืœื• ืžืฆืืชื ืืช ื‘ืชื›ื ืžืžืœืืช ืกื•ื“ื•ืงื•,
02:24
or your boy reading Shakespeare. Right?
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ืื• ืืช ื‘ื ื›ื ืงื•ืจื ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ. ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
02:29
Most parents would find that great.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ.
02:31
Well, I'm not going to tell you that playing video games
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ืื– ืื ื™ ืœื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ืฉืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ืžื—ืฉื‘
02:35
days in and days out is actually good for your health.
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ื™ื•ื ื•ืœื™ืœื” ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
02:38
It's not, and binging is never good.
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ื–ื” ืœื, ื•ื”ืชืžื›ืจื•ืช ืืฃ ืคืขื ืื™ื ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
02:41
But I'm going to argue that in reasonable doses,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืื˜ืขืŸ ืฉื‘ืžื™ื ื•ื ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ืจื™ื,
02:45
actually the very game I showed you at the beginning,
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ืœืžืฉื—ืง ืฉื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
02:48
those action-packed shooter games
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ืื•ืชื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื•ื™ืจื™,
02:50
have quite powerful effects and positive effects
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื“ื™ ื—ื–ืงื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช
02:54
on many different aspects of our behavior.
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ืขืœ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื ื•.
02:58
There's not one week that goes without some major
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ืื™ืŸ ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉื—ื•ืœืฃ ืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉื ืจืื”
03:02
headlines in the media about whether video games are
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ื›ื•ืชืจืช ืจืืฉื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื ื–ืง ืื• ื”ืชื•ืขืœืช
03:05
good or bad for you, right? You're all bombarded with that.
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ืฉื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘, ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืคื’ื–ื™ื ื‘ื–ื”.
03:09
I'd like to put this kind of Friday night bar discussion aside
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืžืชื™ืŸ ืจื’ืข ืขื ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกืœื•ืŸ ื”ืืœื”,
03:15
and get you to actually step into the lab.
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ื•ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืืชื›ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื”.
03:18
What we do in the lab is actually measure directly,
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื–ื” ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช,
03:21
in a quantitative fashion, what is the impact
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืžื•ืชื™, ืžื”ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื”
03:24
of video games on the brain.
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ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
03:26
And so I'm going to take a few examples from our work.
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ื•ืื ื™ ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
03:30
One first saying that I'm sure you all have heard
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ื˜ืขื ื” ืื—ืช ืฉืื ื™ ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ืฉืฉืžืขืชื
03:32
is the fact that too much screen time
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืžืกืš
03:35
makes your eyesight worse.
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ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืจืื™ื™ื”.
03:37
That's a statement about vision.
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ื–ื• ื˜ืขื ื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืจืื™ื™ื”.
03:40
There may be vision scientists among you.
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ื™ืฉ ืื•ืœื™ ืžื“ืขื ื™ ืจืื™ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื›ื.
03:42
We actually know how to test that statement.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ื˜ืขื ื” ื›ื–ื•.
03:45
We can step into the lab and measure how good your vision is.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื•ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
03:49
Well, guess what? People that don't play a lot
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ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”? ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื”
03:52
of action games, that don't actually spend a lot of time
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ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘, ืฉืœื ืžื‘ืœื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ
03:55
in front of screens, have normal, or what we call
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ืžื•ืœ ืžืกืš, ื™ืฉ ืจืื™ื™ื” ื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช,
03:59
corrective-to-normal vision. That's okay.
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ืื• ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœื ื•ืจืžืœื™ืช. ื–ื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ.
04:01
The issue is what happens with these guys that actually
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื, ืฉืœืืœื” ืฉืžื‘ืœื™ื
04:04
indulge into playing video games like five hours per week,
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5 ืฉืขื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ืžื—ืฉื‘,
04:07
10 hours per week, 15 hours per week.
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10 ืฉืขื•ืช, 15 ืฉืขื•ืช.
04:09
By that statement, their vision should be really bad, right?
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ืœืคื™ ื”ื˜ืขื ื”, ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ื’ืจื•ืขื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
04:12
Guess what? Their vision is really, really good.
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ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”? ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืžืžืฉ, ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
04:15
It's better than those that don't play.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžื–ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืœื ืžืฉื—ืง.
04:17
And it's better in two different ways.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืฉืชื™ ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
04:20
The first way is that they're actually able to resolve
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ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืคืขื ื—
04:22
small detail in the context of clutter, and though that means
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ืคืจื˜ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ืœื’ืŸ, ื•ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ
04:25
being able to read the fine print on a prescription
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ืœื”ืฆืœื™ื— ืœืงืจื•ื ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืชืจื•ืคื”
04:29
rather than using magnifier glasses, you can actually do it
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ืœืœื ื–ื›ื•ื›ื™ืช ืžื’ื“ืœืช,
04:34
with just your eyesight.
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ืืœื ืจืง ื‘ื›ื•ื— ื”ืจืื™ื™ื”.
04:35
The other way that they are better is actually being able
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ื”ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื
04:38
to resolve different levels of gray.
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ืœืคืขื ื— ืจืžื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืคื•ืจ.
04:41
Imagine you're driving in a fog. That makes a difference
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืืชื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืขืจืคืœ. ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœื›ื
04:44
between seeing the car in front of you
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจื›ื‘ ืœืคื ื™ื›ื,
04:47
and avoiding the accident, or getting into an accident.
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ื•ืœื”ื™ืžื ืข ืžืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื.
04:50
So we're actually leveraging that work to develop games
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืžื ืคื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืคืชื— ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื
04:53
for patients with low vision, and to have an impact
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ืœื—ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืจืื™ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ื“ื”, ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
04:58
on retraining their brain to see better.
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ืœืืžืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืœืจืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:01
Clearly, when it comes to action video games,
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ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘,
05:05
screen time doesn't make your eyesight worse.
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ื–ืžืŸ ืžืกืš ืœื ืคื•ื’ืข ื‘ืจืื™ื™ื”.
05:08
Another saying that I'm sure you have all heard around:
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ื˜ืขื ื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉื•ื•ื“ืื™ ืฉืžืขืชื:
05:12
Video games lead to attention problems and greater distractability.
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ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื—ืฉื‘ ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื‘ ื•ืœื”ืกื—ืช ื”ื“ืขืช.
05:16
Okay, we know how to measure attention in the lab.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืงืฉื‘ ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”.
05:20
I'm actually going to give you an example of how we do so.
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ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช.
05:24
I'm going to ask you to participate, so you're going to have
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ืื ื™ ืื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ, ืื– ืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
05:26
to actually play the game with me. I'm going to show you
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ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ืื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง. ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื
05:29
colored words. I want you to shout out the color of the ink.
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ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฆื‘ื•ืขื•ืช. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชืฆืขืงื• ืืช ื”ืฆื‘ืข ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ื•.
05:35
Right? So this is the first example.
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ? ืื– ื”ื ื” ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”.
05:38
["Chair"]
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["ื›ืกื"]
05:39
Orange, good. ["Table"] Green.
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ื›ืชื•ื, ื˜ื•ื‘. ["ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ"] ื™ืจื•ืง.
05:42
["Board"] Audience: Red.Daphne Bavelier: Red.
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["ืœื•ื—"], ืื“ื•ื.
05:44
["Horse"] DB: Yellow. Audience: Yellow.
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["ืกื•ืก"], ืฆื”ื•ื‘.
05:45
["Yellow"] DB: Red. Audience: Yellow.
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["ืฆื”ื•ื‘"]. ื“.ื‘.: ืื“ื•ื. ืงื”ืœ: ืฆื”ื•ื‘.
05:46
["Blue"] DB: Yellow.
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["ื›ื—ื•ืœ"] ื“.ื‘.: ืฆื”ื•ื‘
05:48
Okay, you get my point, right? (Laughter)
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ืื•ืงื™ื™. ื”ื‘ื ืชื ืืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ? (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:54
You're getting better, but it's hard. Why is it hard?
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ืืชื ืžืฉืชืคืจื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืงืฉื”. ืœืžื” ื–ื” ืงืฉื”?
05:58
Because I introduced a conflict between
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ื›ื™ ื™ืฆืจืชื™ ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ
06:02
the word itself and its color.
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ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืขืฆืžื” ื•ื”ืฆื‘ืข ืฉืœื”.
06:04
How good your attention is determines actually how fast
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ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืจ
06:07
you resolve that conflict, so the young guys here
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ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืคืชื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ืื– ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื›ืืŸ
06:10
at the top of their game probably, like, did a little better
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ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืื, ื›ื ืจืื”, ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ
06:13
than some of us that are older.
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ืžืืฉืจ ืืœื” ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืฉืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:15
What we can show is that when you do this kind of task
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ื–ื” ืฉื›ืฉืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื›ื–ื•
06:18
with people that play a lot of action games,
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ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”,
06:19
they actually resolve the conflict faster.
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ื”ื ื‘ืขืฆื ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
06:23
So clearly playing those action games doesn't lead
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ืื– ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืœื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื
06:26
to attention problems.
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ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืงืฉื‘.
06:28
Actually, those action video game players have
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื™ืฉ
06:30
many other advantages in terms of attention, and one
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ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืงืฉื‘,
06:33
aspect of attention which is also improved for the better
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ื•ื”ื™ื‘ื˜ ืื—ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืงืฉื‘, ืฉืžืฉืชืคืจ
06:35
is our ability to track objects around in the world.
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื• ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจ ื—ืคืฆื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
06:40
This is something we use all the time. When you're driving,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ. ื›ืฉืืชื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื,
06:43
you're tracking, keeping track of the cars around you.
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ืืชื ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื, ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ื›ื.
06:46
You're also keeping track of the pedestrian, the running dog,
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ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืจื’ืœ, ื›ืœื‘ ืจืฅ,
06:49
and that's how you can actually be safe driving, right?
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ื•ื›ืš ื”ื ื”ื™ื’ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
06:52
In the lab, we get people to come to the lab,
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ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื,
06:55
sit in front of a computer screen, and we give them
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ืžื•ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืš ืžื—ืฉื‘, ื•ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื
06:57
little tasks that I'm going to get you to do again.
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ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื•ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ืœื‘ืฆืข.
07:00
You're going to see yellow happy faces
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ืืชื ืชืจืื• ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ืžื—ื™ื™ื›ื™ื ืฆื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ืงื˜ื ื™ื
07:03
and a few sad blue faces. These are children
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื. ืืœื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื
07:07
in the schoolyard in Geneva during a recess
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ื‘ื—ืฆืจ ื‘ื™"ืก ื‘ื–'ื ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ืคืกืงื” ื‘ื—ื•ืจืฃ.
07:11
during the winter. Most kids are happy. It's actually recess.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืžื—ื™ื. ื–ื• ื”ืคืกืงื”.
07:15
But a few kids are sad and blue because they've forgotten their coat.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขืฆื•ื‘ื™ื ื•ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื ืฉื›ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืžืขื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
07:18
Everybody begins to move around, and your task
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ื›ื•ืœื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื–ื•ื–, ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœื›ื
07:22
is to keep track of who had a coat at the beginning
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ื”ื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืืœื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืžืขื™ืœ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”
07:25
and who didn't. So I'm just going to show you an example
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ื•ืื—ืจื™ ืืœื” ืฉืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื. ืื– ืื ื™ ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื
07:27
where there is only one sad kid. It's easy because you can
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ื‘ื” ื™ืฉ ืจืง ื™ืœื“ ืื—ื“ ืขืฆื•ื‘. ื–ื” ืงืœ ื›ื™ ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
07:30
actually track it with your eyes. You can track,
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ืœืขืงื•ื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื• ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื›ื. ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืงื•ื‘,
07:32
you can track, and then when it stops, and there is
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ื•ืื– ื›ืฉื–ื” ื ืขืฆืจ ื•ืžื•ืคื™ืข
07:35
a question mark, and I ask you, did this kid have a coat or not?
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ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืืœื”, ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœืช ืืชื›ื: ื”ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ืœื“ ื”ื–ื” ืžืขื™ืœ, ืื• ืœื?
07:39
Was it yellow initially or blue?
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ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืื• ื›ื—ื•ืœ?
07:41
I hear a few yellow. Good. So most of you have a brain. (Laughter)
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ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืžืขืช ื›ืžื” ืฉืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฆื”ื•ื‘. ื˜ื•ื‘. ืื– ืœืจื•ื‘ื›ื ื™ืฉ ืžื•ื—. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
07:45
I'm now going to ask you to do the task, but now with
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ืื ื™ ืื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื ืœื‘ืฆืข ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื•
07:50
a little more challenging task. There are going to be
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ืื‘ืœ ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืฉื”. ื™ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื›ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
07:52
three of them that are blue. Don't move your eyes.
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ืืœ ืชื–ื™ื–ื• ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื.
07:55
Please don't move your eyes. Keep your eyes fixated
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ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื” ืืœ ืชื–ื™ื–ื• ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื. ืฉืžืจื• ืขืœื™ื”ืŸ ืžืงื•ื‘ืขื•ืช
07:57
and expand, pull your attention. That's the only way
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ื•ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ื•, ืžืฉื›ื• ืืช ื”ืงืฉื‘ ืฉืœื›ื. ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื”
08:00
you can actually do it. If you move your eyes, you're doomed.
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ื‘ื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช. ืื ืชื–ื™ื–ื• ืืช ื”ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื - ื”ืœืš ืขืœื™ื›ื.
08:03
Yellow or blue?
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ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืื• ื›ื—ื•ืœ?
08:04
Audience: Yellow.DB: Good.
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ืงื”ืœ: ืฆื”ื•ื‘. ื“.ื‘.: ื˜ื•ื‘.
08:06
So your typical normal young adult
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ืื– ืœื‘ื•ื’ืจ ื”ืฆืขื™ืจ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข
08:09
can have a span of about three or four objects of attention.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืœื•ืงืช ืงืฉื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืื• ืืจื‘ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ื.
08:12
That's what we just did. Your action video game player
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ื–ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•. ืœืฉื—ืงืŸ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข
08:15
has a span of about six to seven objects of attention,
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ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืงืฉื‘ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืฉื” ืขื“ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืขืฆืžื™ื,
08:18
which is what is shown in this video here.
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ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื ืจืื” ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืคื”.
08:21
That's for you guys, action video game players.
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ื–ื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื ื—ื‘ืจ'ื”, ืฉื—ืงื ื™ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ื•ื™ื“ืื•.
08:25
A bit more challenging, right? (Laughter)
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ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืชื’ืจ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ? (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:27
Yellow or blue? Blue. We have some people
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ืฆื”ื•ื‘ ืื• ื›ื—ื•ืœ? ื›ื—ื•ืœ. ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ืžื” ืื ืฉื™ื
08:30
that are serious out there. Yeah. (Laughter)
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ืจืฆื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื. ื›ืŸ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
08:33
Good. So in the same way that we actually see
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ื˜ื•ื‘, ืื– ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ
08:37
the effects of video games on people's behavior,
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ืืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืขืœ ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื,
08:41
we can use brain imaging and look at the impact
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื”
08:44
of video games on the brain, and we do find many changes,
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ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื—, ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื,
08:47
but the main changes are actually to the brain networks
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ื”ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื—
08:51
that control attention. So one part is the parietal cortex
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ืฉืฉื•ืœื˜ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉื‘. ืื– ื—ืœืง ืื—ื“ ื”ื•ื ืงืœื™ืคืช ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืงื•ื“ืงื•ื“ื™ืช
08:55
which is very well known to control the orientation of attention.
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ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื” ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืฉืœื” ื‘ื”ืคื ื™ื™ืช ืงืฉื‘.
08:59
The other one is the frontal lobe, which controls
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ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืื•ื ื” ื”ืงื“ืžื™ืช, ืฉืฉื•ืœื˜ืช
09:01
how we sustain attention, and another one
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืจื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงืฉื‘, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืช
09:04
is the anterior cingulate, which controls how we allocate
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืื ื˜ืจื™ื•ืจ ืกื™ื ื’ื•ืœื™ื˜, ืฉืฉื•ืœื˜ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงืฆื™ื
09:07
and regulate attention and resolve conflict.
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ื•ืžื•ื•ืกืชื™ื ืงืฉื‘ ื•ืคื•ืชืจื™ื ืงื•ื ืคืœื™ืงื˜ื™ื.
09:10
Now, when we do brain imaging, we find that all three
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื“ื™ืžื•ืช ืžื•ื—, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉื›ืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ
09:13
of these networks are actually much more efficient
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ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช
09:16
in people that play action games.
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ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”.
09:19
This actually leads me to a rather counterintuitive finding
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ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื™ ืœืžืžืฆื ืœื ืฆืคื•ื™
09:24
in the literature about technology and the brain.
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ื‘ืกืคืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืžื•ื—.
09:27
You all know about multitasking. You all have been faulty
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช (ืžื•ืœื˜ื™ื˜ืกืงื™ื ื’). ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื”
09:32
of multitasking when you're driving
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ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืฉืืชื ื ื•ื”ื’ื™ื
09:34
and you pick up your cellphone. Bad idea. Very bad idea.
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ืืชื ืžืจื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืœื•ืœืจื™. ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื’ืจื•ืข. ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืžืžืฉ ื’ืจื•ืข.
09:39
Why? Because as your attention shifts to your cell phone,
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ืœืžื”? ื›ื™ ื›ืฉื”ืงืฉื‘ ืฉืœื›ื ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ ืœืกืœื•ืœืจื™,
09:42
you are actually losing the capacity to react swiftly
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ืืชื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช
09:47
to the car braking in front of you, and so you're
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ืœืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช ืฉื‘ื•ืœืžืช ืœืคื ื™ื›ื, ื•ื›ืš ืืชื
09:49
much more likely to get engaged into a car accident.
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ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื™ืงืœืข ืœืชืื•ื ื”.
09:55
Now, we can measure that kind of skills in the lab.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ืกื•ื’ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”.
09:57
We obviously don't ask people to drive around and see
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืœื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื•ืœืจืื•ืช
10:00
how many car accidents they have. That would be a little
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ื›ืžื” ืชืื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื. ื–ื” ืชื”ื™ื” ื”ืฆืขื” ืžืขื˜
10:02
costly proposition. But we design tasks on the computer
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ื™ืงืจื”. ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื ื ื™ื ืžื˜ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘
10:06
where we can measure, to millisecond accuracy,
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ืฉื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืžื“ื•ื“, ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืœ ืžื™ืœื™-ืฉื ื™ื”,
10:09
how good they are at switching from one task to another.
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ื›ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”ื ื‘ืžืขื‘ืจ ืžืžื˜ืœื” ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื™ื”.
10:13
When we do that, we actually find that people
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ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉืื ืฉื™ื
10:16
that play a lot of action games are really, really good.
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ืฉืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื ืžืžืฉ, ืžืžืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
10:19
They switch really fast, very swiftly. They pay a very small cost.
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ื”ื ืžื—ืœื™ืคื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžื”ืจ, ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ื–ืจื™ื–ื•ืช. ื”ื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืžื—ื™ืจ ืžืžืฉ ื ืžื•ืš.
10:24
Now I'd like you to remember that result, and put it
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื–ื›ืจื• ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื–ื•, ื•ืฉื™ืžื• ืื•ืชื”
10:26
in the context of another group of technology users,
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ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืื—ืจืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”,
10:30
a group which is actually much revered by society,
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ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื•ืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื”,
10:32
which are people that engage in multimedia-tasking.
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ืฉื”ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืชืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื”.
10:37
What is multimedia-tasking? It's the fact that most of us,
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ืžื” ื–ื” ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื”? ื–ื” ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืจื•ื‘ื ื•,
10:41
most of our children, are engaged with listening to music
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืžืื–ื™ื ื™ื ืœืžื•ื–ื™ืงื”
10:44
at the same time as they're doing search on the web
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
10:47
at the same time as they're chatting on Facebook with their friends.
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ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื ืžืฉื•ื—ื—ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง ืขื ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
10:50
That's a multimedia-tasker.
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ื–ื” ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื”.
10:52
There was a first study done by colleagues at Stanford
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ื”ื™ื” ืžื—ืงืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉื ืขืฉื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืกื˜ื ืคื•ืจื“
10:56
and that we replicated that showed that
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ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฉื™ื—ื–ืจื ื•, ืฉื”ืจืื”
10:58
those people that identify as being high multimedia-taskers
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ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื” ืฉืžื–ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ืื ืฉื™ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื”
11:03
are absolutely abysmal at multitasking.
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ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ื ื•ืจืื™ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช.
11:07
When we measure them in the lab, they're really bad.
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ื›ืฉืžื“ื“ื ื• ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžืขื‘ื“ื”, ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื.
11:10
Right? So these kinds of results really
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ื‘ืกื“ืจ? ืื– ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ
11:12
makes two main points.
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ืžืจืื•ืช ืฉืชื™ ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช.
11:15
The first one is that not all media are created equal.
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื•ืช ื ื•ืฆืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื•ืช.
11:18
You can't compare the effect of multimedia-tasking
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืคืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื”
11:23
and the effect of playing action games. They have
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ื•ื”ืืคืงื˜ ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืง ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”. ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื
11:25
totally different effects on different aspects of cognition,
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ืืคืงื˜ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื”ื›ืจื”,
11:28
perception and attention.
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ืชืคื™ืฉื” ื•ืงืฉื‘.
11:31
Even within video games, I'm telling you right now
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื•, ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื›ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื•
11:34
about these action-packed video games.
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ืขืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ืžืœืื™ ื”ืืงืฉืŸ ื”ืืœื”.
11:36
Different video games have a different effect on your brains.
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ืœืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉื•ื ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื.
11:39
So we actually need to step into the lab and really measure
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื” ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืœืžื“ื•ื“
11:42
what is the effect of each video game.
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ืžื” ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
11:44
The other lesson is that general wisdom carries no weight.
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ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื›ื™ื—ื•ืช.
11:49
I showed that to you already, like we looked at the fact that
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ื”ืจืืชื™ ืœื›ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
11:52
despite a lot of screen time, those action gamers
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ืฉืœืžืจื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืžืกืš ืžืžื•ืฉืš, ืœืฉื—ืงื ื™ ื”ืืงืฉืŸ ื”ืืœื”
11:54
have a lot of very good vision, etc.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืจืื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื›ื•'.
11:58
Here, what was really striking is that these undergraduates
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ืคื”, ืžื” ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื–ื” ืฉื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืืœื”
12:01
that actually report engaging in a lot of high
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ืฉื‘ืืžืช ื“ื™ื•ื•ื—ื• ืฉื”ื ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื”
12:05
multimedia-tasking are convinced they aced the test.
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ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™ ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื” ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขื™ื ืฉื”ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื‘ืžื‘ื—ืŸ.
12:10
So you show them their data, you show them they are bad
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ืื– ืืชื ืžืจืื™ื ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข, ืืชื ืžืจืื™ื ืœื”ื ืฉื”ื ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื
12:12
and they're like, "Not possible." You know, they have
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ื•ื”ื ื›ืื™ืœื•, "ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช." ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื
12:15
this sort of gut feeling that, really, they are doing really, really good.
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ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ื‘ื˜ืŸ, ืฉื‘ืืžืช, ื”ื ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื.
12:18
That's another argument for why we need to step into the lab
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ื™ืฉ ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื”
12:21
and really measure the impact of technology on the brain.
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ื•ื‘ืืžืช ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื—.
12:25
Now in a sense, when we think about the effect
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื”
12:30
of video games on the brain, it's very similar
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ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื ื•, ื–ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื“ื•ืžื”
12:32
to the effect of wine on the health.
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ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉืœ ื™ื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
12:36
There are some very poor uses of wine. There are some
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ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ. ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื”
12:39
very poor uses of video games. But when consumed
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ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ืœืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื
12:43
in reasonable doses, and at the right age,
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ื‘ื”ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื‘ื’ื™ืœ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ,
12:47
wine can be very good for health. There are actually
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ื™ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช. ื™ืฉ ืœืžืขืฉื”
12:50
specific molecules that have been identified
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ืžื•ืœืงื•ืœื•ืช ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉื–ื•ื”ื•
12:53
in red wine as leading to greater life expectancy.
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ื‘ื™ื™ืŸ ืื“ื•ื ืฉืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืืจื›ืช ืชื•ื—ืœืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื.
12:59
So it's the same way, like those action video games
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ืื– ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื“ืจืš, ื›ืžื• ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื”ืืงืฉืŸ ื”ืืœื”
13:02
have a number of ingredients that are actually really
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ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ืžื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื
13:04
powerful for brain plasticity, learning, attention,
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ืžืื•ื“ ื—ื–ืงื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ืคืœืืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื—, ืœืžื™ื“ื”, ืงืฉื‘,
13:08
vision, etc., and so we need and we're working on
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ืจืื™ื”, ื•ื›ื•', ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื•ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ
13:11
understanding what are those active ingredients so that
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ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืžื” ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื›ืš
13:14
we can really then leverage them to deliver better games,
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ืฉื ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืืžืช ืœืจืชื•ื ืื•ืชื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
13:18
either for education or for rehabilitation of patients.
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ื’ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื• ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
13:22
Now because we are interested in having an impact
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื”ืฉืคืขื”
13:26
for education or rehabilitation of patients, we are actually
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ืขืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื•ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืœื™ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืœืžืขืฉื”
13:29
not that interested in how those of you that choose
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ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืื™ืš ืืœื” ืžื›ื ืฉื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื
13:32
to play video games for many hours on end perform.
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ืœืฉื—ืง ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืฉืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื.
13:36
I'm much more interested in taking any of you
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ืื ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ืช ืœืงื—ืช ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื›ื
13:40
and showing that by forcing you to play an action game,
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ื•ืœื”ื•ื›ื™ื— ืฉืื ืžื›ืจื™ื—ื™ื ืืชื›ื ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ืคืขื•ืœื”,
13:44
I can actually change your vision for the better,
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ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืจืื™ื” ืฉืœื›ื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
13:46
whether you want to play that action game or not, right?
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง ื‘ืžืฉื—ืง ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื”ื•ื ืื• ืœื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
13:49
That's the point of rehabilitation or education.
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ื–ื• ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืงื•ื ืื• ืœื™ืžื•ื“.
13:51
Most of the kids don't go to school saying,
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื™ืช ืกืคืจ ื•ืื•ืžืจื™ื,
13:53
"Great, two hours of math!"
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"ื ืคืœื, ืฉืขืชื™ื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ!"
13:56
So that's really the crux of the research, and to do that,
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ืื– ื–ื• ื‘ืืžืช ื”ืžื”ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืงืจ, ื•ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
14:00
we need to go one more step.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ืขื•ื“ ืฆืขื“.
14:03
And one more step is to do training studies.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืœืขืจื•ืš ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ.
14:06
So let me illustrate that step with
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ืื– ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ื–ื” ืขื
14:09
a task which is called mental rotation.
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ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจืืช ืจื•ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช.
14:13
Mental rotation is a task where I'm going to ask you,
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ืจื•ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื‘ื” ืื ื™ ืื‘ืงืฉ ืžื›ื,
14:17
and again you're going to do the task,
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ื•ืฉื•ื‘ ืืชื ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื”,
14:19
to look at this shape. Study it, it's a target shape,
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื•. ืชืœืžื“ื• ืื•ืชื”, ื–ื• ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื”,
14:22
and I'm going to present to you four different shapes.
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ืื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืœื›ื ืืจื‘ืข ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
14:26
One of these four different shapes is actually a rotated
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ืื—ืช ืžืืจื‘ืข ื”ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ื ืœืžืขืฉื”
14:29
version of this shape. I want you to tell me which one:
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ื’ื™ืจืกื” ืžืกื•ื‘ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื•ืจื” ื”ื–ื•. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืชื’ื™ื“ื• ืœื™ ืื™ื–ื•:
14:33
the first one, second one, third one or fourth one?
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ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื”ืฉื ื™ื”, ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ืช ืื• ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช?
14:38
Okay, I'll help you. Fourth one.
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ืื•ืงื™ื™, ืื ื™ ืืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื›ื. ื”ืจื‘ื™ืขื™ืช.
14:40
One more. Get those brains working. Come on.
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ืขื•ื“ ืื—ืช. ืชื ื• ืœืžื•ื— ืœืขื‘ื•ื“. ืงื“ื™ืžื”.
14:45
That's our target shape.
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ื–ื• ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืฉืœื ื•.
14:50
Third. Good! This is hard, right?
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ืฉืœื™ืฉื™. ื˜ื•ื‘! ื–ื” ืงืฉื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
14:53
Like, the reason that I asked you to do that is because
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ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉื‘ื™ืงืฉืชื™ ืžื›ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ื”ื™ื
14:55
you really feel your brain cringing, right?
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืืชื ื‘ืืžืช ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืื™ืš ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืฅ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
14:58
It doesn't really feel like playing mindless action video games.
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืืชื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ืžื˜ืžื˜ืžื™ื.
15:01
Well, what we do in these training studies is, people
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืืœื” ื–ื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื
15:04
come to the lab, they do tasks like this one,
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ื‘ืื™ื ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื”, ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื–ื•,
15:06
we then force them to play 10 hours of action games.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืื– ืžื›ืจื™ื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืฉื—ืง 10 ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”.
15:11
They don't play 10 hours of action games in a row.
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ื”ื ืœื ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื 10 ืฉืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืจืฆื™ืคื•ืช.
15:13
They do distributed practice, so little shots of 40 minutes
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ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืžื‘ื•ื–ืจ, ืื– ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืฉืœ 40 ื“ืงื•ืช
15:16
several days over a period of two weeks.
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ื‘ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื™ื.
15:21
Then, once they are done with the training, they come back
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ืื–, ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืื™ืžื•ืŸ ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื
15:23
a few days later and they are tested again on a similar type
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ื›ืžื” ื™ืžื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื”ื ื ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืกื•ื’ ื“ื•ืžื”
15:27
of mental rotation task. So this is work from a colleague
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ืฉืœ ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ื˜ืฆื™ื” ืžื ื˜ืœื™ืช. ืื– ื–ื• ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืขืžื™ืช
15:30
in Toronto. What they showed is that, initially,
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ื‘ื˜ื•ืจื•ื ื˜ื•. ืžื” ืฉื”ื ื”ืจืื• ื–ื”, ืฉืชื—ื™ืœื”,
15:33
you know, subjects perform where they are expected
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ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื ื‘ื“ืงื™ื ืžืชืคืงื“ื™ื ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆืคื™
15:35
to perform given their age. After two weeks of training
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ื‘ื”ืชื—ืฉื‘ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื™ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืžื•ืŸ
15:40
on action video games, they actually perform better,
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ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืคืขื•ืœื”, ื”ื ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
15:44
and the improvement is still there five months after
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืฉืžืจ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืœืื—ืจ
15:49
having done the training. That's really, really important.
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ื”ืื™ืžื•ืŸ. ื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
15:52
Why? Because I told you we want to use these games
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ืœืžื”? ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ืœื›ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื”ืืœื”
15:55
for education or for rehabilitation. We need to have effects
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ืœื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืฉื™ืงื•ื. ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช
15:58
that are going to be long-lasting.
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ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช.
16:01
Now, at this point, a number of you are probably wondering
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ื›ื ืจืื” ืชื•ื”ื™ื
16:04
well, what are you waiting for, to put on the market
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืœืžื” ืืชื ืžื—ื›ื™ื, ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœืฉื•ืง
16:07
a game that would be good for the attention
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ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ืœืงืฉื‘
16:10
of my grandmother and that she would actually enjoy,
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ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืชื™ ื•ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื™ื”ื ื•ืช ืžืžื ื•,
16:13
or a game that would be great to rehabilitate the vision
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ืื• ืžืฉื—ืง ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ืคืœื ืœืฉื™ืงื•ื ื”ืจืื™ื”
16:16
of my grandson who has amblyopia, for example?
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ืฉืœ ื ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืขื™ืŸ ืขืฆืœื”, ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”?
16:20
Well, we're working on it, but here is a challenge.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื” ื”ืืชื’ืจ,
16:24
There are brain scientists like me that are beginning
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ื™ืฉ ื—ื•ืงืจื™ ืžื•ื— ื›ืžื•ื ื™ ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื
16:26
to understand what are the good ingredients in games
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ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื
16:29
to promote positive effects, and that's what I'm going
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ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื™
16:32
to call the broccoli side of the equation.
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ืืงืจื ืœื• ืฆื“ ื”ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื”.
16:36
There is an entertainment software industry
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ื™ืฉ ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืชื•ื›ื ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ
16:40
which is extremely deft at coming up with
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ืฉื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžื•ื›ืฉืจืช ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจืช
16:43
appealing products that you can't resist.
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ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ืžื•ืฉื›ื™ื ืฉืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื”ื.
16:47
That's the chocolate side of the equation.
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ื–ื” ืฆื“ ื”ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืฉื•ื•ืื”.
16:51
The issue is we need to put the two together,
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ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื,
16:54
and it's a little bit like with food.
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ื•ื–ื” ืงืฆืช ื›ืžื• ืขื ืื•ื›ืœ.
16:56
Who really wants to eat chocolate-covered broccoli?
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ืžื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™ ืžืฆื•ืคื” ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“?
17:00
None of you. (Laughter) And you probably have had
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“. (ืฆื—ื•ืง) ื•ื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื›ื
17:02
that feeling, right, picking up an education game
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ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื”ื–ื•, ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืœื”ืจื™ื ืžืฉื—ืง ื—ื™ื ื•ื›ื™
17:04
and sort of feeling, hmm, you know, it's not really fun,
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ื•ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื“ื™, ื”ืžืž, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ื›ื™ืฃ,
17:08
it's not really engaging. So what we need
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ื–ื” ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืžืจืชืง. ืื– ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื
17:10
is really a new brand of chocolate, a brand of chocolate
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ื–ื” ืกื•ื’ ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“, ืกื•ื’ ืฉืœ ืฉื•ืงื•ืœื“
17:14
that is irresistible, that you really want to play,
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ืฉืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ื•, ืืชื ืžืžืฉ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉื—ืง,
17:18
but that has all the ingredients, the good ingredients
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ืื‘ืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื
17:21
that are extracted from the broccoli that you can't recognize
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ืฉืžื•ืฆื• ืžื‘ืจื•ืงื•ืœื™, ืฉืืชื ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช,
17:24
but are still working on your brains. And we're working on it,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื. ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”,
17:27
but it takes brain scientists to come and to get together,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืฉืžื“ืขื ื™ ืžื•ื— ื™ืชืื—ื“ื•
17:31
people that work in the entertainment software industry,
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ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื“ื•ืจ,
17:34
and publishers, so these are not people that usually
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ื•ืขื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืœืื•ืจ, ืื– ืืœื” ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืœื
17:37
meet every day, but it's actually doable,
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ื ืคื’ืฉื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืขืฉื™ื”,
17:39
and we are on the right track.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ.
17:42
I'd like to leave you with that thought,
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืืชื›ื ืขื ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ื–ื•,
17:44
and thank you for your attention. (Applause)
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ื•ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื ืขืœ ืชืฉื•ืžืช ื”ืœื‘. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
17:47
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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