Your brain on video games | Daphne Bavelier

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Translator: Socorro Rodríguez Holguín Reviewer: Serv. de Norm. Lingüística U. de Santiago de Compostela

I'm a brain scientist, and as a brain scientist,

Eu son neurocientífica, e como tal

I'm actually interested in how the brain learns,

interésame saber cómo aprende o cerebro,

and I'm especially interested in a possibility of

especialmente a posibilidade

making our brains smarter, better and faster.

de facer os nosos cerebros máis eficaces, mellores e máis rápidos.

This is in this context I'm going to tell you

Neste contexto voulles falar

about video games. When we say video games,

sobre os videoxogos. Cando falamos de videoxogos

most of you think about children.

moitos de vostedes xa están pensando en nenos.

It's true. Ninety percent of children do play video games.

Non lles falta razón. O noventa por cento dos nenos xogan con eles.

But let's be frank.

Pero sexamos sinceros.

When the kids are in bed, who is in front of the PlayStation?

Cando os nenos van para a cama, quen queda diante da PlayStation?

Most of you. The average age of a gamer is 33 years old,

Moitos de vostedes.

A idade media dos xogadores é de 33 anos, non de oito;

not eight years old, and in fact, if we look

de feito, se miramos as proxeccións demográficas

at the projected demographics of video game play,

dos videoxogos,

the video game players of tomorrow are

os videoxogadores do mañá serán os vellos.

older adults. (Laughter)

(Risas)

So video [gaming] is pervasive throughout our society.

En suma, os videoxogos xa son omnipresentes.

It is clearly here to stay. It has an amazing impact

Están aquí para quedar.

Teñen un impacto enorme na nosa vida diaria.

on our everyday life. Consider these statistics

Vexan estas estatísticas facilitadas por Activision.

released by Activision. After one month of release

Ao cabo dun mes do seu lanzamento,

of the game "Call Of Duty: Black Ops," it had been played

o xogo "Call Of Duty: Black Ops"

xa se xogara durante 68.000 anos

for 68,000 years

worldwide, right?

en todo o mundo.

Would any of you complain if this was the case

Alguén se preocuparía se fosen exercicios de álxebra lineal?

about doing linear algebra?

So what we are asking in the lab is, how can we leverage that power?

Así que no laboratorio

preguntámonos cómo aproveitar esa potencia.

Now I want to step back a bit.

Pero volvamos un paso atrás.

I know most of you have had the experience of coming back

Seguro que máis dunha vez ao chegar á casa

home and finding your kids playing these kinds of games.

atoparon aos nenos diante destes videoxogos.

(Disparos)

(Shooting noises) The name of the game is to get

O obxectivo deste xogo é

after your enemy zombie bad guys

pillar aos enemigos zombies

before they get to you, right?

antes que te collan eles a ti.

And I'm almost sure most of you have thought,

E case seguro que a maioría de vostedes pensaron:

"Oh, come on, can't you do something more intelligent

Veña, non podes facer algo mais intelixente

than shooting at zombies?"

que matar zombis?

I'd like you to put this kind of knee-jerk reaction

Gustaríame que comparasen esta reacción instintiva

in the context of what you would have thought

co que pensarían

if you had found your girl playing sudoku

se atopasen á súa filla facendo un sudoku

or your boy reading Shakespeare. Right?

ou ao seu fillo lendo a Shakespeare.

Most parents would find that great.

Moitos pais consideraríano xenial.

Well, I'm not going to tell you that playing video games

Vale, non lles vou dicir que xogar cos videoxogos

days in and days out is actually good for your health.

todo o día sexa bo para a saúde.

It's not, and binging is never good.

Claro que non, abusar nunca é bo.

But I'm going to argue that in reasonable doses,

Pero si defendo que en doses razoables,

actually the very game I showed you at the beginning,

xogos como o que lles amosei antes,

those action-packed shooter games

eses xogos de acción e disparos,

have quite powerful effects and positive effects

teñen efectos bastante potentes,

efectos positivos,

on many different aspects of our behavior.

en moitos aspectos do comportamento.

There's not one week that goes without some major

Non hai semana que non nos atopemos

con grandes titulares na prensa

headlines in the media about whether video games are

sobre se os videoxogos son bos ou malos.

good or bad for you, right? You're all bombarded with that.

Bombardéannos con eles.

I'd like to put this kind of Friday night bar discussion aside

Gustaríame sacar este asunto do faladoiro de café

and get you to actually step into the lab.

e que entremos no laboratorio.

What we do in the lab is actually measure directly,

O que facemos alí e medir

directamente, cuantitativamente,

in a quantitative fashion, what is the impact

o impacto dos videoxogos no cerebro.

of video games on the brain.

And so I'm going to take a few examples from our work.

Voulles amosar algúns exemplos deste traballo.

One first saying that I'm sure you all have heard

En primeiro lugar, seguro que oíron máis dunha vez

is the fact that too much screen time

que botar moito tempo diante da pantalla

makes your eyesight worse.

prexudica a vista.

That's a statement about vision.

Unha afirmación acerca da visión.

There may be vision scientists among you.

Seguro que aquí hai alguén que investiga sobre a visión.

We actually know how to test that statement.

Pois podemos poñer a proba esta afirmación.

We can step into the lab and measure how good your vision is.

Podemos ir ao laboratorio e medir cómo andamos da vista.

Well, guess what? People that don't play a lot

E saben o que atopamos?

As persoas que non xogan moito con videoxogos,

of action games, that don't actually spend a lot of time

que non botan moito tempo diante da pantalla,

in front of screens, have normal, or what we call

teñen unha vista normal.

corrective-to-normal vision. That's okay.

Correcto.

The issue is what happens with these guys that actually

O caso é qué pasa con eses outros

indulge into playing video games like five hours per week,

que botan 5, 10 ou 15 horas á semana cos videoxogos.

10 hours per week, 15 hours per week.

By that statement, their vision should be really bad, right?

Debemos supoñer que teñen a vista fatal.

Guess what? Their vision is really, really good.

Pois saiban que a súa vista é moi boa.

It's better than those that don't play.

Mellor que a dos que non xogan.

And it's better in two different ways.

E é mellor en dous aspectos.

The first way is that they're actually able to resolve

O primeiro, que captan mellor os detalles

small detail in the context of clutter, and though that means

nun contexto desordenado,

being able to read the fine print on a prescription

o que significa que son quen

de ler a letra pequena dunha etiqueta

rather than using magnifier glasses, you can actually do it

sen ter que usar unha lupa,

poden lela a simple vista.

with just your eyesight.

The other way that they are better is actually being able

A outra cousa que fan mellor

é distinguir niveis de grises.

to resolve different levels of gray.

Imagine you're driving in a fog. That makes a difference

Imaxínense conducindo con néboa.

Iso marcará a diferenza entre ver ou non o coche que vén de fronte,

between seeing the car in front of you

and avoiding the accident, or getting into an accident.

entre ter ou non un accidente.

So we're actually leveraging that work to develop games

Así que estamos a traballar

no deseño de xogos

for patients with low vision, and to have an impact

para pacientes con baixa visión,

para readestrar o cerebro e mellorar a vista.

on retraining their brain to see better.

Clearly, when it comes to action video games,

En resumo, que o tempo diante da pantalla

screen time doesn't make your eyesight worse.

con videoxogos de acción, non lle fai dano á vista.

Another saying that I'm sure you have all heard around:

Outra afirmación que seguro que oíron:

Video games lead to attention problems and greater distractability.

os videoxogos provocan problemas de atención e distractibilidade.

Okay, we know how to measure attention in the lab.

Pois no laboratorio podemos medir a atención.

I'm actually going to give you an example of how we do so.

Voulles poñer un exemplo de cómo facemos.

I'm going to ask you to participate, so you're going to have

Voulles pedir que participen,

to actually play the game with me. I'm going to show you

teñen que xogar comigo.

colored words. I want you to shout out the color of the ink.

Voulles amosar palabras de cores.

Teñen que dicirme a cor da tinta.

Right? So this is the first example.

Aquí está o primeiro exemplo.

["Chair"]

["Cadeira"]

Orange, good. ["Table"] Green.

Laranxa, correcto. ["Mesa"] Verde.

["Board"] Audience: Red.Daphne Bavelier: Red.

["Taboleiro"] Público: vermello Daphne Bavelier: vermello

["Horse"] DB: Yellow. Audience: Yellow.

["Cabalo"] DB: marelo. Público: marelo.

["Yellow"] DB: Red. Audience: Yellow.

["Marelo"] DB: voxo. Público: marelo.

["Blue"] DB: Yellow.

["Azul"] DB: marelo.

Okay, you get my point, right? (Laughter)

(Risas)

Vale, collérono, non si?

You're getting better, but it's hard. Why is it hard?

Van mellorando, pero é difícil. Por que?

Because I introduced a conflict between

Porque introducín un conflito entre

the word itself and its color.

o significado da palabra e a súa cor.

How good your attention is determines actually how fast

O que determina a rapidez en resolver o conflito é o boa que sexa a atención,

you resolve that conflict, so the young guys here

así que os máis novos aquí,

at the top of their game probably, like, did a little better

probablemente o fixeron un pouco mellor

than some of us that are older.

que os que somos máis vellos.

What we can show is that when you do this kind of task

O que vemos con este tipo de tarefa

é que as persoas que xogan moito con videoxogos de acción

with people that play a lot of action games,

they actually resolve the conflict faster.

son máis rápidas resolvendo o conflito.

So clearly playing those action games doesn't lead

Así que está claro que os videoxogos de acción

non provocan problemas de atención.

to attention problems.

Actually, those action video game players have

En realidade, estes videoxogadores

many other advantages in terms of attention, and one

teñen moitas outras vantaxes en termos de atención,

aspect of attention which is also improved for the better

e un aspecto no que melloran

is our ability to track objects around in the world.

é a capacidade para seguir obxectos coa vista.

This is something we use all the time. When you're driving,

Facemos isto todo o tempo. Cando conducen,

you're tracking, keeping track of the cars around you.

seguen coa vista os coches de arredor.

You're also keeping track of the pedestrian, the running dog,

Seguen coa vista ao peón,

o can que pasa a correr,

and that's how you can actually be safe driving, right?

e iso chámase conducir ben.

In the lab, we get people to come to the lab,

Cando a xente vén ao laboratorio,

sit in front of a computer screen, and we give them

sentámolos diante dunha pantalla

little tasks that I'm going to get you to do again.

e poñémoslles tarefas como esta que lles propoño agora.

You're going to see yellow happy faces

Van ver caras marelas ledas

and a few sad blue faces. These are children

e algunhas caras azuis tristes.

Son nenos no recreo, en Xenebra no inverno.

in the schoolyard in Geneva during a recess

during the winter. Most kids are happy. It's actually recess.

Os máis deles están ledos. É o recreo.

But a few kids are sad and blue because they've forgotten their coat.

Pero algúns están tristes e azuis porque esqueceron o abrigo.

Everybody begins to move around, and your task

Todos empezan a moverse,

e a súa tarefa é

is to keep track of who had a coat at the beginning

identificar aos que tiñan abrigo ao comezo e aos que non.

and who didn't. So I'm just going to show you an example

Voulles poñer un exemplo

where there is only one sad kid. It's easy because you can

no que só hai un neno triste.

É doado, poden seguilo coa vista.

actually track it with your eyes. You can track,

you can track, and then when it stops, and there is

Ségueno e, cando para, aparece unha interrogación

a question mark, and I ask you, did this kid have a coat or not?

e pregúntolles: este neno levaba ou non o abrigo?

Was it yellow initially or blue?

Era marelo ou azul ao comezo?

I hear a few yellow. Good. So most of you have a brain. (Laughter)

Oio algúns marelos. Ben. A maioría teñen cerebro.

I'm now going to ask you to do the task, but now with

Ímolo facer de novo, pero agora un pouco máis difícil.

a little more challenging task. There are going to be

Vai haber tres azuis.

three of them that are blue. Don't move your eyes.

Non movan os ollos.

Please don't move your eyes. Keep your eyes fixated

Por favor, non movan os ollos.

Mantéñanos fixos e expandan a atención.

and expand, pull your attention. That's the only way

you can actually do it. If you move your eyes, you're doomed.

É a única forma de facelo.

Se moven os ollos perden.

Yellow or blue?

Marelo ou azul?

Audience: Yellow.DB: Good.

Público: marelo. DB: correcto.

So your typical normal young adult

Ou sexa, que un mozo adulto típico

can have a span of about three or four objects of attention.

pode atender a tres ou catro obxectos a un tempo.

That's what we just did. Your action video game player

É o que acabamos de facer.

Pero un xogador de videoxogos

has a span of about six to seven objects of attention,

pode atender a seis ou sete,

which is what is shown in this video here.

que son os que aparecen neste vídeo.

That's for you guys, action video game players.

Isto é para os videoxogadores do público.

A bit more challenging, right? (Laughter)

Un chisco máis difícil, non si? (Risas)

Yellow or blue? Blue. We have some people

Marelo ou azul?

Azul. Hai algúns bos entre o público, si.

that are serious out there. Yeah. (Laughter)

Good. So in the same way that we actually see

Ben. Igual que estamos a ver

the effects of video games on people's behavior,

os efectos dos videoxogos na conduta,

we can use brain imaging and look at the impact

podemos usar a neuroimaxe para estudar

of video games on the brain, and we do find many changes,

o impacto dos videoxogos no cerebro.

E atopamos moitos cambios,

but the main changes are actually to the brain networks

pero os máis importantes están nas redes neuronais de control da atención.

that control attention. So one part is the parietal cortex

Unha parte é córtex parietal, que controla a orientación da atención.

which is very well known to control the orientation of attention.

The other one is the frontal lobe, which controls

Outra é lobo frontal, que controla o mantemento da atención,

how we sustain attention, and another one

e outra o xiro cingular anterior, que controla

is the anterior cingulate, which controls how we allocate

cómo localizamos e regulamos a atención

and regulate attention and resolve conflict.

e resolvemos os conflitos.

Now, when we do brain imaging, we find that all three

Coa neuroimaxe atopamos

que estas tres redes son moito máis eficientes

of these networks are actually much more efficient

in people that play action games.

na xente que xoga a videoxogos de acción.

This actually leads me to a rather counterintuitive finding

O que nos leva a un resultado contraintuitivo

in the literature about technology and the brain.

na literatura sobre a tecnoloxía e o cerebro.

You all know about multitasking. You all have been faulty

Todos vostedes oíron falar da multitarefa.

Todos caen nela

of multitasking when you're driving

cando conducen e collen o móbil.

and you pick up your cellphone. Bad idea. Very bad idea.

Mala idea, moi mala.

Why? Because as your attention shifts to your cell phone,

Por que?

Porque cando a atención se desvía cara ao móbil,

you are actually losing the capacity to react swiftly

Pérdese capacidade para reaccionar con rapidez

to the car braking in front of you, and so you're

cando o coche de diante frea,

much more likely to get engaged into a car accident.

e aumenta o risco de ter un accidente.

Now, we can measure that kind of skills in the lab.

No laboratorio podemos medir este tipo de habilidades.

We obviously don't ask people to drive around and see

Claro que non lle pedimos á xente que conduza

how many car accidents they have. That would be a little

para ver cantos accidentes teñen.

costly proposition. But we design tasks on the computer

Iso sería un tanto caro.

Pero deseñamos probas de ordenador

where we can measure, to millisecond accuracy,

coas que medimos, con precisión de milisegundos

how good they are at switching from one task to another.

o bos que son cambiando dunha tarefa a outra.

When we do that, we actually find that people

Cando o facemos, atopamos que a xente

that play a lot of action games are really, really good.

que xoga a xogos de acción e moi, moi boa.

They switch really fast, very swiftly. They pay a very small cost.

Cambian moi rápido. E cun custo moi baixo.

Now I'd like you to remember that result, and put it

Agora quero que lembren este resultado

in the context of another group of technology users,

e pensen nel en relación con outro grupo de usuarios de novas tecnoloxías,

a group which is actually much revered by society,

un grupo moi admirado nesta sociedade,

which are people that engage in multimedia-tasking.

a xente multitarefa con distintos medios.

What is multimedia-tasking? It's the fact that most of us,

Que é ser multitarefa? É o que fan moitos de vostedes,

most of our children, are engaged with listening to music

moitos dos nosos fillos,

que escoitan música ao tempo que

at the same time as they're doing search on the web

navegan por internet

at the same time as they're chatting on Facebook with their friends.

e que charlan no Facebook cos amigos.

That's a multimedia-tasker.

Iso é ser multitarefa.

There was a first study done by colleagues at Stanford

Uns colegas de Stanford fixeron un estudo

and that we replicated that showed that

que nós replicamos, e que amosa que

those people that identify as being high multimedia-taskers

a xente que se identifica como multitarefa

are absolutely abysmal at multitasking.

en realidade son moi malos niso.

When we measure them in the lab, they're really bad.

Cando os medimos no laboratorio, son realmente malos.

Right? So these kinds of results really

Ben, pois estes resultados

makes two main points.

demostran dúas cousas.

The first one is that not all media are created equal.

A primeira é que non todos os medios son iguais.

You can't compare the effect of multimedia-tasking

Non se pode comparar o efecto da multitarefa

and the effect of playing action games. They have

co dos videoxogos de acción.

totally different effects on different aspects of cognition,

Teñen efectos totalmente distintos en diferentes aspectos

da cognición, a percepción e a atención.

perception and attention.

Even within video games, I'm telling you right now

Mesmo entre os videoxogos,

eu estoulles a falar dos de acción.

about these action-packed video games.

Different video games have a different effect on your brains.

Distintos videoxogos teñen efectos distintos no cerebro.

So we actually need to step into the lab and really measure

Así que temos que ir ao laboratorio

e medir o efecto de cada un deles.

what is the effect of each video game.

The other lesson is that general wisdom carries no weight.

A outra lección é que o saber popular non sempre acerta.

I showed that to you already, like we looked at the fact that

Como veño de explicarlles,

podemos ver que malia pasar tanto tempo diante da pantalla

despite a lot of screen time, those action gamers

os videoxogadores de acción teñen boa vista.

have a lot of very good vision, etc.

Here, what was really striking is that these undergraduates

Pero o realmente rechamante é que eses estudantes

that actually report engaging in a lot of high

que se autodefinen como multitarefa

multimedia-tasking are convinced they aced the test.

están convencidos de que bordaron o test.

So you show them their data, you show them they are bad

Así que cando lles amosas os datos, o malos que son,

and they're like, "Not possible." You know, they have

din "Imposible!".

Están convencidos de que o fixeron moi ben.

this sort of gut feeling that, really, they are doing really, really good.

That's another argument for why we need to step into the lab

Esta é outra razón pola que convén pasar ao laboratorio

and really measure the impact of technology on the brain.

e medir o impacto da tecnoloxía sobre o cerebro.

Now in a sense, when we think about the effect

Dalgún xeito, podemos pensar que

o efecto dos videoxogos no cerebro é semellante

of video games on the brain, it's very similar

to the effect of wine on the health.

ao efecto do viño sobre a saúde.

There are some very poor uses of wine. There are some

Hai formas moi prexudiciais de beber.

very poor uses of video games. But when consumed

E hainas tamén no uso dos videoxogos.

Pero consumido en doses razoables,

in reasonable doses, and at the right age,

e á idade adecuada,

wine can be very good for health. There are actually

pode ser bo para a saúde.

De feito hai certas moléculas

specific molecules that have been identified

in red wine as leading to greater life expectancy.

no viño tinto

que parecen aumentar a esperanza de vida.

So it's the same way, like those action video games

Do mesmo xeito, os videoxogos de acción

have a number of ingredients that are actually really

teñen certos ingredientes moi bos

powerful for brain plasticity, learning, attention,

para a plasticidade cerebral, a aprendizaxe, a atención, a visión, etc.

vision, etc., and so we need and we're working on

así que o que necesitamos e o que estamos a facer

understanding what are those active ingredients so that

é identificar cales son eses ingredientes

we can really then leverage them to deliver better games,

de modo que poidamos aproveitalos para crear videoxogos

either for education or for rehabilitation of patients.

no campo da educación ou da rehabilitación de doentes.

Now because we are interested in having an impact

Posto que o que nos interesa é mellorar

for education or rehabilitation of patients, we are actually

a educación ou a rehabilitación,

not that interested in how those of you that choose

non nos interesan aqueles de vostedes

to play video games for many hours on end perform.

que xogan durante horas e horas.

I'm much more interested in taking any of you

Interésanos mais convencer a algúns de vostedes

and showing that by forcing you to play an action game,

de que xogando a videoxogos de acción

I can actually change your vision for the better,

pode mellorarlle a vista

whether you want to play that action game or not, right?

tanto se lle gusta xogar como se non.

That's the point of rehabilitation or education.

Aí está a cousa na rehabilitación ou na educación.

Most of the kids don't go to school saying,

A maioría dos nenos non van á escola

"Great, two hours of math!"

dicindo "Xenial, dúas horas de matemáticas!"

So that's really the crux of the research, and to do that,

Así que este é o reto da investigación,

we need to go one more step.

e para conseguilo temos que avanzar outro paso.

And one more step is to do training studies.

Ese outro paso é facer estudos de adestramento.

So let me illustrate that step with

Deixen que lles explique este paso

a task which is called mental rotation.

cunha tarefa que chamamos de rotación mental.

Mental rotation is a task where I'm going to ask you,

A rotación mental é unha tarefa, na que lles pedimos,

and again you're going to do the task,

e voulles poñer a tarefa aquí,

to look at this shape. Study it, it's a target shape,

que miren para esta figura; estúdena, é a figura obxectivo,

and I'm going to present to you four different shapes.

e agora preséntolles outras catro figuras.

One of these four different shapes is actually a rotated

Unha é unha imaxe rotada da primeira.

version of this shape. I want you to tell me which one:

E teñen que dicirme cal delas é:

the first one, second one, third one or fourth one?

A primeira, a segunda, a terceira ou a cuarta?

Okay, I'll help you. Fourth one.

Vale, axúdolles: é a cuarta.

One more. Get those brains working. Come on.

Outra vez. Poñan os cerebros a funcionar.

That's our target shape.

Esta é a figura obxectivo.

Third. Good! This is hard, right?

A terceira. Correcto!

É difícil, non si?

Like, the reason that I asked you to do that is because

Púxenlles esta proba porque

you really feel your brain cringing, right?

con ela nótase como renxe o cerebro.

It doesn't really feel like playing mindless action video games.

Non é como eses videoxogos de acción sen sentido.

Well, what we do in these training studies is, people

Ben, o que facemos nos estudos de adestramento

é traer á xente ao laboratorio a facer tarefas como esta,

come to the lab, they do tasks like this one,

we then force them to play 10 hours of action games.

Logo obrigámolos a xogar a videoxogos de acción durante dez horas.

They don't play 10 hours of action games in a row.

Non xogan dez horas seguidas.

They do distributed practice, so little shots of 40 minutes

Xogan durante intervalos de 40 minutos

several days over a period of two weeks.

varios días ao longo de dúas semanas.

Then, once they are done with the training, they come back

Despois deste adestramento,

a few days later and they are tested again on a similar type

volven uns días máis tarde

e fan de novo a tarefa de rotación mental.

of mental rotation task. So this is work from a colleague

Este estudo fíxoo un colega de Toronto.

in Toronto. What they showed is that, initially,

E amosou que, inicialmente,

you know, subjects perform where they are expected

os participantes renderon na tarefa como se esperaba de acordo á súa idade.

to perform given their age. After two weeks of training

Despois das dúas semanas de adestramento cos videoxogos de acción,

on action video games, they actually perform better,

fixérono mellor,

and the improvement is still there five months after

e a melloría seguía presente cinco meses despois.

having done the training. That's really, really important.

Isto é realmente importante.

Why? Because I told you we want to use these games

Por que? porque se queremos usar estes xogos

for education or for rehabilitation. We need to have effects

para a educación e para a rehabilitación,

necesitamos saber qué efectos teñen a longo prazo.

that are going to be long-lasting.

Now, at this point, a number of you are probably wondering

Chegado este punto, moitos de vostedes estarán preguntándose

well, what are you waiting for, to put on the market

qué esperamos para lanzar ao mercado

a game that would be good for the attention

un xogo que mellore a atención da miña avoa

of my grandmother and that she would actually enjoy,

e co que ademais se divirta.

or a game that would be great to rehabilitate the vision

ou un xogo xenial para rehabilitar a vista

of my grandson who has amblyopia, for example?

do meu neto que ten ambliopía, por exemplo.

Well, we're working on it, but here is a challenge.

Ben, estamos a traballar niso,

pero aquí topamos cun reto.

There are brain scientists like me that are beginning

Hai neurocientíficos coma min que empezamos a entender

to understand what are the good ingredients in games

cales son os ingredientes bos dos videoxogos

to promote positive effects, and that's what I'm going

para promover efectos positivos,

to call the broccoli side of the equation.

o que eu chamo o lado brócoli da ecuación.

There is an entertainment software industry

Hai unha industria do software de entretemento

which is extremely deft at coming up with

extremadamente eficaz lanzando

appealing products that you can't resist.

produtos aos que non podemos resistirnos.

That's the chocolate side of the equation.

É o lado chocolate da ecuación.

The issue is we need to put the two together,

A cousa é que necesitamos xuntalos,

and it's a little bit like with food.

e vén sendo como coa comida.

Who really wants to eat chocolate-covered broccoli?

A quen lle gusta o brócoli con chocolate?

None of you. (Laughter) And you probably have had

A ninguén.

E seguro que tiveron esa sensación

that feeling, right, picking up an education game

ao xogar cun xogo educativo,

and sort of feeling, hmm, you know, it's not really fun,

esa sensación de, mmm,

non é entretido, non engancha.

it's not really engaging. So what we need

O que precisamos é unha marca nova de chocolate,

is really a new brand of chocolate, a brand of chocolate

unha marca irresistible, á que de verdade queiramos xogar

that is irresistible, that you really want to play,

but that has all the ingredients, the good ingredients

pero que teña todos os bos ingredientes do brócoli,

that are extracted from the broccoli that you can't recognize

que non o notemos

but are still working on your brains. And we're working on it,

pero que funcionen no cerebro.

Estamos traballando niso,

but it takes brain scientists to come and to get together,

pero iso require xuntar

aos neurocientíficos

people that work in the entertainment software industry,

coa xente da industria do software de entretemento

and publishers, so these are not people that usually

e cos editores,

e esa non é xente que se xunte habitualmente.

meet every day, but it's actually doable,

Pero é posible,

and we are on the right track.

e estamos nesa liña.

I'd like to leave you with that thought,

Gustaríame que queden con esa idea,

and thank you for your attention. (Applause)

e grazas pola súa atención. (Aplausos)

(Applause)

(Aplausos)