James Patten: The best computer interface? Maybe ... your hands

Prevodilac: Ljiljana Zlokolica Lektor: Mile Živković

A computer is an incredibly powerful means

Kompjuter je izuzetno moćno sredstvo

of creative expression,

kreativnog izražaja,

but for the most part,

ali je taj izražaj

that expression is confined to the screens

uglavnom sveden na ekrane

of our laptops and mobile phones.

naših laptopova i mobilnih telefona.

And I'd like to tell you a story about

A ja bih želeo da vam ispričam priču

bringing this power of the computer

o osposobljavanju te kompjuterske moći

to move things around and interact with us

da pomera predmete i reaguje sa nama

off of the screen and into the physical world

izvan naših ekrana i u sam fizički svet

in which we live.

u kojem živimo.

A few years ago, I got a call from

Pre nekoliko godina zvali su me

a luxury fashion store called Barneys New York,

iz luksuznog butika zvanog "Barneys New York",

and the next thing I knew,

i pre nego što sam znao,

I was designing storefront kinetic sculptures

kreirao sam kinetičke skulpture

for their window displays.

za njihove izloge.

This one's called "The Chase."

Ova se zove "Jurnjava".

There are two pairs of shoes,

Vidimo dva para cipela,

a man's pair and a woman's pair,

jedan muški i jedan ženski,

and they play out this slow, tense chase

koji se polako i napeto jure

around the window

po tom izlogu

in which the man scoots up behind the woman

u kojoj muškarac pojuri za ženom

and gets in her personal space,

i uđe u njen lični prostor

and then she moves away.

a zatim se ona udalji.

Each of the shoes has magnets in it,

Svaka cipela ima u sebi magnete

and there are magnets underneath the table

i postoje magneti ispod stola

that move the shoes around.

koji pomeraju cipele.

My friend Andy Cavatorta was building

Moj prijatelj Endi Kavatorta je pravio

a robotic harp for Bjork's Biophilia tour

robotsku harfu za turneju Bjork pod nazivom "Biofilija",

and I wound up building the electronics

a ja sam se našao na izgradnji elektronike

and motion control software

i softvera za kontrolu pokreta

to make the harps move and play music.

koji pomera harfe i svira muziku.

The harp has four separate pendulums,

Harfa ima četiri odvojena viska

and each pendulum has 11 strings,

i svaki visak ima po 11 žica, tako da se

so the harp swings on its axis and also rotates

harfa vrti oko svoje ose ali i rotira

in order to play different musical notes,

kako bi svirala razne muzičke note,

and the harps are all networked together

dok su sve harfe povezane u mrežu

so that they can play the right notes

da bi svirale odgovarajuće note

at the right time in the music.

u pravo vreme u toj muzici.

I built an interactive chemistry exhibit

Napravio sam i eksponat interaktivne hemije

at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago,

u Muzeju nauke i industrije u Čikagu,

and this exhibit lets people use physical objects

koji omogućava da putem fizičkih objekata

to grab chemical elements off of the periodic table

uzmemo hemijske elemente iz periodnog sistema i dovedemo ih

and bring them together to cause

u dodir da bismo

chemical reactions to happen.

prouzrokovali hemijske reakcije.

And the museum noticed that people

I muzej je primetio da su ljudi

were spending a lot of time with this exhibit,

provodili puno vremena nad ovim eksponatom,

and a researcher from a science education center

i naučnica iz naučno obrazovnog centra

in Australia decided to study this exhibit

u Australiji je odlučila da proučava eksponat

and try to figure out what was going on.

i pokuša da razume o čemu se radi.

And she found that the physical objects

Otkrila je da su ti fizički objekti

that people were using were helping people

pomogli ljudima koji ih koriste

understand how to use the exhibit,

da shvate kako da koriste taj eksponat

and were helping people learn in a social way.

i da im pomaže da uče na društveni način.

And when you think about it, this makes a lot of sense,

I kad o tome razmislimo, razumljivo je da

that using specialized physical objects

upotreba specijalizovanih fizičkih predmeta

would help people use an interface more easily.

olakšava ljudima upotrebu takvog interfejsa.

I mean, our hands and our minds are optimized

Naše šake i naš um su optimizovani

to think about and interact with tangible objects.

za razmišljanje i interakciju sa opipljivim predmetima.

Think about which you find easier to use,

Pomislite samo šta vam je lakše da koristite,

a physical keyboard or an onscreen keyboard

fizičku tastaturu ili onu na ekranu,

like on a phone?

kao na mobilnom?

But the thing that struck me

Ali posebno me je iznenadilo,

about all of these different projects

u vezi sa svim ovim različitim projektima,

is that they really had to be built from scratch,

to da su svi oni pravljeni od nule,

down to the level of the electronics

počevši od nivoa elektronike

and the printed circuit boards and

i štampanih tabli,

all the mechanisms all the way up to the software.

strujnih kola, preko svih mehanizama sve do softvera.

I wanted to create something

Ja sam želeo da kreiram nešto

where we could move objects under computer control

gde bismo mogli da pomeramo predmete pod kompjuterskom kontrolom

and create interactions around that idea

i stvorimo interakcije oko te ideje

without having to go through this process

zaobilazeći taj proces

of building something from scratch

stvaranja nečega od nule

every single time.

baš svaki put.

So my first attempt at this

Tako, moj prvi pokušaj na tome se desio

was at the MIT Media Lab

u Medijskoj laboratoriji MIT-a,

with Professor Hiroshi Ishii,

sa profesorom Hiroši Išijem,

and we built this array of

gde smo napravili uređaj

512 different electromagnets,

od 512 raznih elektromagneta

and together they were able to move objects around

koji su bili sposobni da pomeraju predmete

on top of their surface.

na svojoj površini.

But the problem with this

No, problem sa tim

was that these magnets

je bio da su ti magneti

cost over 10,000 dollars.

koštali preko 10 000 dolara.

Although each one was pretty small,

Iako je svaki bio prilično mali,

altogether they weighed so much

zajedno su bili toliko teški da je

that the table that they were on

sto na kojima su oni bili

started to sag.

počeo da se povija.

So I wanted to build something

Zato sam hteo da napravim nešto gde

where you could have this kind of interaction

se postiže ova vrsta interakcije

on any tabletop surface.

na bilo kojoj površini stola.

So to explore this idea,

Znači, da bih istražio ovu ideju,

I built an army of small robots,

napravio sam bataljon malih robota,

and each of these robots has what are called omni wheels.

gde svaki od njih ima takozvane omni-točkiće.

They're these special wheels

To su posebni točkići

that can move equally easily in all directions,

koji mogu lako da se kreću u svim smerovima

and when you couple these robots

i kad se ovi roboti povežu

with a video projector,

sa video projektorom,

you have these physical tools

dobijemo te fizičke alatke

for interacting with digital information.

za interakciju sa digitalnim informacijama.

So here's an example of what I mean.

Ovde vidimo primer toga o čemu pričam.

This is a video editing application

Ovo je program za izmenu video snimaka

where all of the controls

gde su sve kontrole

for manipulating the video are physical.

za manipulisanje videom fizičke.

So if we want to tweak the color,

Tako, ako hoćemo da menjamo boju,

we just enter the color mode,

samo uđemo u opciju boja

and then we get three different dials

i dobijemo tri dugmeta

for tweaking the color,

za menjanje boje,

or if we want to adjust the audio,

ili ako hoćemo da regulišemo zvuk,

then we get two different dials for that, these physical objects.

dobijemo dva dugmeta za to.

So here the left and right channel stay in sync,

Ovde levi i desni kanal ostaju sinhronizovani,

but if we want to, we can override that

ali ako hoćemo, to možemo promeniti

by grabbing both of them at the same time.

time što ćemo zgrabiti oba istovremeno.

So the idea is that we get the speed

Ideja je da dobijemo na brzini i efikasnosti

and efficiency benefits of using these physical dials

koristeći ovu fizičku dugmad,

together with the flexibility and versatility

kao i na fleksibilnosti i mnogostranosti

of a system that's designed in software.

sistema koji je dizajniran u softveru.

And this is a mapping application

A ovo je aplikacija za mapiranje

for disaster response.

za reakciju na katastrofe.

So you have these physical objects

Tu su fizički predmeti koji predstavljaju

that represent police, fire and rescue,

policiju, vatrogasce i spasioce

and a dispatcher can grab them

pa dispečer može da ih uzme

and place them on the map

i postavi ih na mapu

to tell those units where to go,

da bi obavestio trupe gde da idu,

and then the position of the units on the map

i tada se njihova pozicija na mapi

gets synced up with the position

uskladi sa pozicijama

of those units in the real world.

tih trupa u stvarnom svetu.

This is a video chat application.

Ovo je aplikacija za video čet.

It's amazing how much emotion you can convey

Neverovatno koliko emocija možemo iskazati

with just a few simple movements

sa nekoliko jednostavnih

of a physical object.

pokreta jednog fizičkog predmeta.

With this interface, we open up a huge array of possibilities

Sa ovim interfejsom, otvaramo čitav niz mogućnosti

in between traditional board games

između klasičnih društvenih

and arcade games,

i arkadnih igara

where the physical possibilities of interaction

gde ta mogućnost fizičke interakcije

make so many different styles of play possible.

pruža mnoge druge stilove igre.

But one of the areas that I'm most excited

Ali jedna oblast koja me posebno uzbuđuje

about using this platform for

u vezi sa upotrebom ove platforme

is applying it to problems that are difficult

je njena primenljivost na probleme koji su teški

for computers or people to solve alone.

i za kompjutere i za ljude da ih sami reše.

One example of those is protein folding.

Jedan od primera je savijanje proteina.

So here we have an interface

Tako ovde imamo interfejs

where we have physical handles onto a protein,

gde imamo fizičke ručke u proteinu,

and we can grab those handles

koje možemo da uhvatimo i pomerimo

and try to move the protein and try to fold it in different ways.

protein i pokušamo da ga savijemo na različite načine.

And if we move it in a way that doesn't really make sense

I ako ga pomerimo na način koji nema smisla u odnosu

with the underlying molecular simulation,

na načela molekularne simulacije,

we get this physical feedback where we can

dobijemo fizički odgovor gde u stvari

actually feel these physical handles

možemo fizički da osetimo te ručke

pulling back against us.

kako nam se suprotstavljaju.

So feeling what's going on

Taj osećaj šta se događa

inside a molecular simulation

unutar molekularne simulacije

is a whole different level of interaction.

je potpuno novi nivo interakcije.

So we're just beginning to explore

Ali tek smo na početku istraživanja

what's possible when we use software

toga šta je moguće kad koristimo softver

to control the movement

da bismo upravljali kretanjem

of objects in our environment.

predmeta u našem okruženju.

Maybe this is the computer of the future.

Možda je ovo kompjuter budućnosti.

There's no touchscreen.

Nema ekrana na dodir.

There's no technology visible at all.

Nema uopšte vidljive tehnologije.

But when we want to have a video chat

Ali kad poželimo da četujemo preko videa

or play a game

ili igramo igru

or lay out the slides to our next TED Talk,

ili projektujemo slajdove na sledećem TED govoru,

the objects on the table come alive.

predmeti na stolu ožive.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)