James Patten: The best computer interface? Maybe ... your hands

Prevoditelj: Ivan Stamenković Recezent: Senzos Osijek

A computer is an incredibly powerful means

Računalo je iznimno snažno sredstvo

of creative expression,

za kreativno izražavanje,

but for the most part,

no većinom,

that expression is confined to the screens

to izražavanje prikovano je za zaslone

of our laptops and mobile phones.

naših laptopa i mobilnih telefona.

And I'd like to tell you a story about

I volio bih vam ispričati priču o

bringing this power of the computer

donošenju snage računala

to move things around and interact with us

da bi pomicala stvari i bila u interakciji s nama

off of the screen and into the physical world

mimo zaslona, u fizičkom svijetu

in which we live.

u kojem živimo.

A few years ago, I got a call from

Prije par godina, dobio sam poziv od

a luxury fashion store called Barneys New York,

luksuzne modne trgovine Barneys u New Yorku,

and the next thing I knew,

i sljedeća stvar koju sam radio,

I was designing storefront kinetic sculptures

dizajnirao sam kinetičke skulpture

for their window displays.

za njihove izloge.

This one's called "The Chase."

Ovaj se zove "Potjera".

There are two pairs of shoes,

Dva su para cipela,

a man's pair and a woman's pair,

muški i ženski par,

and they play out this slow, tense chase

i oni sudjeluju u ovoj polaganoj, napetoj potjeri,

around the window

po izlogu

in which the man scoots up behind the woman

u kojoj čovjek priđe ženi s leđa

and gets in her personal space,

i uđe u njen osobni prostor,

and then she moves away.

i onda se ona odmakne.

Each of the shoes has magnets in it,

Svaka cipela u sebi ima magnet,

and there are magnets underneath the table

i postoje magneti ispod stola

that move the shoes around.

koji pomiču cipele.

My friend Andy Cavatorta was building

Moj prijatelj Andy Cavatorta gradio je

a robotic harp for Bjork's Biophilia tour

robotsku harfu za Biophilia turneju pjevačice Bjork,

and I wound up building the electronics

i ja sam radio elektroniku

and motion control software

i softver za kontrolu kretanja

to make the harps move and play music.

koji je omogućavao harfama kretanje i sviranje.

The harp has four separate pendulums,

Harfa ima četiri odvojena njihala,

and each pendulum has 11 strings,

i svako njihalo ima 11 žica,

so the harp swings on its axis and also rotates

tako da se harfa ljulja i rotira na svojoj osi

in order to play different musical notes,

kako bi svirala različite note,

and the harps are all networked together

i sve su harfe povezane

so that they can play the right notes

kako bi svirale prave note

at the right time in the music.

u pravo vrijeme u glazbi.

I built an interactive chemistry exhibit

Izradio sam interaktivnu izložbu kemije

at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago,

u Muzeju Znanosti i industrije u Chicagu,

and this exhibit lets people use physical objects

i ova izložba dozvoljava ljudima da koriste stvarne predmete

to grab chemical elements off of the periodic table

kako bi pokupili elemente s periodne tablice

and bring them together to cause

i donesu ih kako bi uzrokovali

chemical reactions to happen.

kemijsku reakciju.

And the museum noticed that people

I muzej je uočio da ljudi

were spending a lot of time with this exhibit,

puno više vremena provode kod ove izložbe,

and a researcher from a science education center

i istraživač iz centra za učenje o znanosti

in Australia decided to study this exhibit

u Australiji odlučio je proučavati ovu izložbu

and try to figure out what was going on.

i pokušati shvatiti što se događa.

And she found that the physical objects

I otkrila je da stvarni predmeti

that people were using were helping people

koje ljudi koriste su pomagali ljudima

understand how to use the exhibit,

da shvate kako koristiti izložbu,

and were helping people learn in a social way.

i pomagali su ljudima učiti na društven način.

And when you think about it, this makes a lot of sense,

I kada razmislite o tome, to ima smisla,

that using specialized physical objects

korištenje specijaliziranih predmeta

would help people use an interface more easily.

pomoglo bi ljudima da lakše koriste sučelje.

I mean, our hands and our minds are optimized

Mislim, naše ruke i umovi optimizirani su

to think about and interact with tangible objects.

da razmišljaju o i budu u interakciji s opipljivim predmetima.

Think about which you find easier to use,

Razmislite što vam je lakše koristiti,

a physical keyboard or an onscreen keyboard

fizička tipkovnica ili ona na zaslonu

like on a phone?

kao na telefonu?

But the thing that struck me

Ali ono što me pogodilo

about all of these different projects

vezano uz sve ove različite projekte

is that they really had to be built from scratch,

je da su oni morali biti izgrađeni od početka,

down to the level of the electronics

od same elektronike

and the printed circuit boards and

i pločica i

all the mechanisms all the way up to the software.

svih mehanizama do softvera.

I wanted to create something

Htio sam stvoriti nešto

where we could move objects under computer control

gdje ćemo moći pomicati predmete pod računalnom kontrolom

and create interactions around that idea

i stvoriti interakcije oko te ideje

without having to go through this process

bez da moram prolaziti kroz ovaj proces

of building something from scratch

građenja nečeg iz početka

every single time.

svaki put.

So my first attempt at this

Moj prvi pokušaj ovoga je

was at the MIT Media Lab

bio u MIT Media Lab-u

with Professor Hiroshi Ishii,

sa profesorom Hiroshi Ishiiem,

and we built this array of

i izgradili smo ovaj red od

512 different electromagnets,

512 različitih elektromagneta,

and together they were able to move objects around

i zajedno oni su mogli pomicati predmete

on top of their surface.

na svojoj površini.

But the problem with this

Ali problem s ovim je

was that these magnets

da su ovi magneti

cost over 10,000 dollars.

koštali više od 10000 dolara.

Although each one was pretty small,

Iako je svaki poprilično malen,

altogether they weighed so much

težili su tako puno

that the table that they were on

da je stol na kojem su bili

started to sag.

počeo tonuti.

So I wanted to build something

Tako da sam htio izgraditi nešto

where you could have this kind of interaction

gdje bi smo mogli imati ovakvu interakciju

on any tabletop surface.

na bilo kojoj ravnoj površini.

So to explore this idea,

Kako bih istražio ovu ideju,

I built an army of small robots,

izgradio sam vojsku malih robota,

and each of these robots has what are called omni wheels.

i svaki od ovih robota imao je ono što zovemo omni kotači.

They're these special wheels

To su posebni kotači

that can move equally easily in all directions,

koji se mogu kretati jednako u svim smjerovima,

and when you couple these robots

i kada uparite ove robote

with a video projector,

sa video projektorom,

you have these physical tools

dobivate ove alate

for interacting with digital information.

za interakciju s digitalnim informacijama.

So here's an example of what I mean.

Ovdje je primjer toga što sam opisao.

This is a video editing application

Ovo je aplikacija za uređivanje videa

where all of the controls

gdje su sve kontrole

for manipulating the video are physical.

za manipulaciju videom fizičke.

So if we want to tweak the color,

Ako želimo podesiti boju,

we just enter the color mode,

uđemo u mod za boju

and then we get three different dials

i onda dobijemo tri različita brojčanika

for tweaking the color,

za podešavanje boje,

or if we want to adjust the audio,

ili ako želimo podesiti zvuk,

then we get two different dials for that, these physical objects.

dobijemo dva brojčanika za to, ove fizičke predmete.

So here the left and right channel stay in sync,

Ovdje su lijevi i desni kanal sinkronizirani,

but if we want to, we can override that

no ako želimo, možemo to promijeniti

by grabbing both of them at the same time.

hvatanjem oba kanala odjednom.

So the idea is that we get the speed

Ideja je da imamo brzinu

and efficiency benefits of using these physical dials

i učinkovitost korištenjem ovih fizičkih brojčanika

together with the flexibility and versatility

zajedno sa fleksibilnošću i prilagodljivošću

of a system that's designed in software.

sustava koji je dizajniran u softveru.

And this is a mapping application

I ovo je aplikacija za mapiranje

for disaster response.

za odgovor na katastrofu.

So you have these physical objects

Imate ove fizičke predmete

that represent police, fire and rescue,

koji predstavljaju policiju, vatrogasce i spasitelje,

and a dispatcher can grab them

i dispečer ih može uhvatiti

and place them on the map

i postaviti ih na kartu

to tell those units where to go,

kako bi rekao tim jedinicama kamo da idu,

and then the position of the units on the map

i onda se pozicije jedinica na karti

gets synced up with the position

sinkroniziraju s pozicijama

of those units in the real world.

tih jedinica u stvarnom svijetu.

This is a video chat application.

Ovo je aplikacija za video chat.

It's amazing how much emotion you can convey

Zadivljujuće je koliko emocija možete prenijeti

with just a few simple movements

sa nekoliko jednostavnih pokreta

of a physical object.

fizičkog predmeta.

With this interface, we open up a huge array of possibilities

S ovim sučeljem otvaramo širok spektar mogućnosti

in between traditional board games

od tradicionalnih igara na ploči

and arcade games,

do arkadnih igara

where the physical possibilities of interaction

gdje mogućnosti za fizičku interakciju

make so many different styles of play possible.

daju toliko različitih stilova igranja.

But one of the areas that I'm most excited

Ali područja zbog kojih sam najuzbuđeniji

about using this platform for

u korištenju ove platforme

is applying it to problems that are difficult

su primjena na probleme koji su teški

for computers or people to solve alone.

za rješavanje računalima ili ljudima samostalno.

One example of those is protein folding.

Jedan od tih je slaganje bjelančevina.

So here we have an interface

Ovdje imamo sučelje

where we have physical handles onto a protein,

na kojem imamo fizičke ručke na bjelančevini

and we can grab those handles

i možemo uhvatiti te ručke

and try to move the protein and try to fold it in different ways.

i pokušati pomaknuti bjelančevinu i pokušati ju složiti na različte načine.

And if we move it in a way that doesn't really make sense

I ako ju pomaknemo na način koji nema smisla

with the underlying molecular simulation,

sa molekularnom simulacijom,

we get this physical feedback where we can

dobijemo ovu povratnu informaciju gdje možemo

actually feel these physical handles

osjetiti ove ručke

pulling back against us.

kako se opiru.

So feeling what's going on

Osjećati što se događa

inside a molecular simulation

u molekularnoj simulaciji

is a whole different level of interaction.

je potpuno nov nivo interakcije.

So we're just beginning to explore

Tek počinjemo istraživati

what's possible when we use software

što je moguće kada koristimo softver

to control the movement

kako bi kontrolirali kretanje

of objects in our environment.

predmeta u okolišu.

Maybe this is the computer of the future.

Možda je ovo računalo budućnosti.

There's no touchscreen.

Nema ekrana na dodir.

There's no technology visible at all.

Nema vidljive tehnologije.

But when we want to have a video chat

Ali kada želimo video chat

or play a game

ili igrati igru

or lay out the slides to our next TED Talk,

ili postaviti slajdove za sljedeći TED Govor,

the objects on the table come alive.

predmeti na stolu ožive.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)