James Patten: The best computer interface? Maybe ... your hands

112,563 views ・ 2014-04-24

TED


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A computer is an incredibly powerful means
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of creative expression,
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but for the most part,
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that expression is confined to the screens
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of our laptops and mobile phones.
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And I'd like to tell you a story about
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bringing this power of the computer
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to move things around and interact with us
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off of the screen and into the physical world
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in which we live.
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A few years ago, I got a call from
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a luxury fashion store called Barneys New York,
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and the next thing I knew,
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I was designing storefront kinetic sculptures
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for their window displays.
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This one's called "The Chase."
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There are two pairs of shoes,
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a man's pair and a woman's pair,
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and they play out this slow, tense chase
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around the window
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in which the man scoots up behind the woman
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and gets in her personal space,
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and then she moves away.
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Each of the shoes has magnets in it,
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and there are magnets underneath the table
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that move the shoes around.
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My friend Andy Cavatorta was building
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a robotic harp for Bjork's Biophilia tour
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and I wound up building the electronics
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and motion control software
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to make the harps move and play music.
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The harp has four separate pendulums,
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and each pendulum has 11 strings,
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so the harp swings on its axis and also rotates
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in order to play different musical notes,
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and the harps are all networked together
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so that they can play the right notes
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at the right time in the music.
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I built an interactive chemistry exhibit
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at the Museum of Science and Industry in Chicago,
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and this exhibit lets people use physical objects
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to grab chemical elements off of the periodic table
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and bring them together to cause
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chemical reactions to happen.
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And the museum noticed that people
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were spending a lot of time with this exhibit,
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and a researcher from a science education center
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in Australia decided to study this exhibit
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and try to figure out what was going on.
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And she found that the physical objects
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that people were using were helping people
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understand how to use the exhibit,
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and were helping people learn in a social way.
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And when you think about it, this makes a lot of sense,
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that using specialized physical objects
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would help people use an interface more easily.
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I mean, our hands and our minds are optimized
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to think about and interact with tangible objects.
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Think about which you find easier to use,
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a physical keyboard or an onscreen keyboard
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like on a phone?
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But the thing that struck me
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about all of these different projects
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is that they really had to be built from scratch,
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down to the level of the electronics
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and the printed circuit boards and
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all the mechanisms all the way up to the software.
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I wanted to create something
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where we could move objects under computer control
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and create interactions around that idea
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without having to go through this process
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of building something from scratch
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every single time.
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So my first attempt at this
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was at the MIT Media Lab
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with Professor Hiroshi Ishii,
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and we built this array of
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512 different electromagnets,
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and together they were able to move objects around
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on top of their surface.
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But the problem with this
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was that these magnets
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cost over 10,000 dollars.
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Although each one was pretty small,
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altogether they weighed so much
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that the table that they were on
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started to sag.
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So I wanted to build something
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where you could have this kind of interaction
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on any tabletop surface.
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So to explore this idea,
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I built an army of small robots,
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and each of these robots has what are called omni wheels.
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They're these special wheels
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that can move equally easily in all directions,
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and when you couple these robots
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with a video projector,
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you have these physical tools
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for interacting with digital information.
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So here's an example of what I mean.
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This is a video editing application
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where all of the controls
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for manipulating the video are physical.
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So if we want to tweak the color,
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we just enter the color mode,
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and then we get three different dials
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for tweaking the color,
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or if we want to adjust the audio,
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then we get two different dials for that, these physical objects.
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So here the left and right channel stay in sync,
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but if we want to, we can override that
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by grabbing both of them at the same time.
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So the idea is that we get the speed
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and efficiency benefits of using these physical dials
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together with the flexibility and versatility
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of a system that's designed in software.
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And this is a mapping application
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for disaster response.
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So you have these physical objects
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that represent police, fire and rescue,
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and a dispatcher can grab them
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and place them on the map
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to tell those units where to go,
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and then the position of the units on the map
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gets synced up with the position
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of those units in the real world.
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This is a video chat application.
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It's amazing how much emotion you can convey
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with just a few simple movements
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of a physical object.
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With this interface, we open up a huge array of possibilities
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in between traditional board games
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and arcade games,
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where the physical possibilities of interaction
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make so many different styles of play possible.
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But one of the areas that I'm most excited
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about using this platform for
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is applying it to problems that are difficult
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for computers or people to solve alone.
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One example of those is protein folding.
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So here we have an interface
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where we have physical handles onto a protein,
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and we can grab those handles
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and try to move the protein and try to fold it in different ways.
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And if we move it in a way that doesn't really make sense
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with the underlying molecular simulation,
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we get this physical feedback where we can
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actually feel these physical handles
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pulling back against us.
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So feeling what's going on
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inside a molecular simulation
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is a whole different level of interaction.
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So we're just beginning to explore
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what's possible when we use software
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to control the movement
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of objects in our environment.
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Maybe this is the computer of the future.
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There's no touchscreen.
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There's no technology visible at all.
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But when we want to have a video chat
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or play a game
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or lay out the slides to our next TED Talk,
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the objects on the table come alive.
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Thank you.
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(Applause)
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