David Cameron: The next age of government

Prevodilac: Sandra Radinović Lektor: Ivana Korom

Someone once said that politics is, of course, "showbiz for ugly people."

Neko je jednom rekao, da je politika, u stvari, "šoubiznis za ružne ljude"

So, on that basis, I feel like I've really arrived.

Na osnovu toga, verujem da sam uspešan.

The other thing to think of is what an honor it is, as a politician,

Druga stvar o kojoj razmišljam jeste kakva mi je čast, kao političaru,

to give a TED talk, particularly here in the U.K.,

da držim TED govor, posebno ovde u Velikoj Britaniji,

where the reputation of politics, with the expenses scandal, has sunk so low.

gde je ugled politike, zahvaljujući skandalima, pao veoma nisko.

There was even a story recently that scientists had thought about

Postoji čak i priča, koju su nedavno osmislili naučnici

actually replacing rats in their experiments with politicians.

u kojoj, u svojim eksperimentima, pacove zamenjuju političarima.

And someone asked,"Why?"

Neko je upitao, "Zašto?"

and they said, "Well, there's no shortage of politicians,

a oni su odgovorili, "Pa, nema nestašice političara,

no one really minds what happens to them

niko ne misli o tome šta će se desiti sa njima

and, after all, there are some things that rats just won't do."

i na kraju krajeva, postoje neke stvari koje pacovi ne žele da urade".

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Now, I know you all love data, so I'm starting with a data-rich slide.

Znam da svi volite podatke, zato počinjem sa slajdom bogatim podacima

This, I think, is the most important fact to bear in mind

Ovo je, mislim, najvažnija činjenica koju treba da zapamtite

in British politics or American politics,

o britanskoj i američkoj politici,

and that is: We have run out of money.

a to je: ponestalo nam je novca.

We have vast budget deficits.

Imamo ogroman budžetski deficit.

This is my global public debt clock,

Ovo je moj globalni sat javnog duga

and, as you can see, it's 32 trillion and counting.

i, kao što možete videti, iznosi 32 biliona i i dalje broji.

And I think what this leads to

Mislim da ovo vodi

is a very simple recognition,

do jednog veoma jednostavnog priznanja

that there's one question in politics at the moment above all other,

da u ovom momentu, u politici, postoji jedno pitanje pre svih

and it's this one: How do we make things better without spending more money?

a to je sledeće: kako da poboljšamo stvari, a da ne trošimo više novca?

Because there isn't going to be a lot of money to improve public services,

Zato što neće biti mnogo novca za unapređenje javnih službi

or to improve government, or to improve so many of the things

ili za unapređenje vlade ili mnogo stvari

that politicians talk about.

o kojima političari pričaju.

So what follows from that is that if you think it's all about money --

Ono što sledi iz svega ovoga je da, ako mislite da je sve u novcu -

you can only measure success in public services

uspeh možete da merite samo u javnim sektorima

in health care and education and policing by spending more money,

u zdravstvu i obrazovanju i policiji, trošeći još više novca,

you can only measure progress by spending money --

možete da merite napredak jedino trošenjem novca -

you're going to have a pretty miserable time.

neće vam biti lepo.

But if you think a whole lot of other things matter that lead up to well being --

Međutim, ako mislite da su mnoge druge stvari koje vode do dobrobiti važnije -

things like your family relationships, friendship, community, values --

stvari poput odnosa u porodici, prijateljstva, zajednice, vrednosti -

then, actually, this is an incredibly exciting time to be in politics.

onda je u stvari, ovo izuzetno uzbudljivo vreme za bavljenje politikom.

And the really simple argument I want to make tonight,

Večeras želim da iznesem jedan veoma jednostavan

the really straightforward argument is this:

i vrlo jasan argument, a on je sledeći:

That if we combine the right political philosophy, the right political thinking,

ako spojimo pravu političku filozofiju, pravo političko razmišljanje,

with the incredible information revolution that has taken place,

sa neverovatnom revolucijom informacija, koja se dešava,

and that all of you know so much more about than I do,

a vi o tome znate mnogo više nego ja, verujem da postoji

I think there's an incredible opportunity to actually remake politics,

neverovatna mogućnost za stvarno obnavljanje politike

remake government, remake public services,

obnavljanje vlade, javnih sektora,

and achieve what's up on that slide, which is a big increase in our well-being.

i postzanje onoga što je na slajdu, ogromnog porasta dobrobiti.

That's the argument I want to make tonight.

To je argument koji želim da iznesem večeras.

So, starting with the political philosophy.

Da počnemo od političke filozofije.

Now I'm not saying for a minute that British Conservatives have all the answers.

Ne tvrdim da britanski konzervativci imaju odgovore na sva pitanja.

Of course we don't.

Naravno da nemamo.

But there are two things at heart that I think drive a conservative philosophy

Međutim, postoje dve suštinske stvari koje pokreću filozofiju konzervativizma

that are really relevant to this whole debate.

i one su veoma važne za ovu debatu.

The first is this: We believe that if you give people

Prva je sledeća: mi verujemo, da ako date ljudima

more power and control over their lives,

više moći i kontrole nad njihovim životima,

if you give people more choice,

ako date ljudima više izbora,

if you put them in the driving seat,

ako im date da upravljaju,

then actually, you can create a stronger and better society.

onda možete da stvorite jače i bolje društvo.

And if you marry this fact with the incredible abundance

I ako se vežete za ovu činjenicu, sa neverovatnim bogatstvom informacija

of information that we have in our world today,

koje posedujemo u današnjem svetu,

I think you can completely, as I've said,

verujem da možete, u potpunosti, kao što rekoh,

remake politics, remake government, remake your public services.

da obnovite politiku, vladu, vaše javne sektore.

The second thing we believe is we believe in going with the grain of human nature.

Druga stvar u koju verujemo je razumevanje suštine ljudske prirode.

Politics and politicians will only succeed

Politika i političari će jedino uspeti

if they actually try and treat with people as they are,

ako se zaista potrude da prihvate ljude onakvim kakvi jesu

rather than as they would like them to be.

pre nego kakvi bi želeli da budu.

Now, if you combine this very simple, very conservative thought --

Ako povežete ovu veoma jednostavnu, veoma konzervativnu misao -

go with the grain of human nature --

razumevanje suštine ljudske prirode -

with all the advances in behavioral economics,

sa svim dostignućima u bihejvioralnoj ekonomiji,

some of which we were just hearing about,

o nekima smo tek sad saznali,

again, I think we can achieve a real increase in well-being,

opet, verujem da možemo postići značajan porast dobrobiti,

in happiness, in a stronger society

sreće, u jačem društvu,

without necessarily having to spend a whole lot more money.

bez bespotrebnog trošenja velike količine novca.

Now, why do I think now is the moment to make this argument?

Zašto smatram da je sada pravo vreme za ovu raspravu?

Well, I'm afraid you're going to suffer a short, condensed history lesson

Pa, bojim se da ćete iskusiti jednu kratku, sažetu lekciju iz istorije

about what I would say are the three passages of history:

o kojoj bih rekao da sadrži tri odlomka iz istorije:

the pre-bureaucratic age, the bureaucratic age

vreme pre birokratije, vreme birokratije

and what we now live in, which I think is a post-bureaucratic age.

i vreme u kojem živimo, za koje verujem da je vreme posle birokratije.

A simpler way of thinking of it

Jednostavniji način za razmišljanje o tome

is that we have gone from a world of local control,

je da smo izašli iz vremena lokalne kontrole

then we went to a world of central control,

pa smo ušli u svet centralne kontrole

and now we're in a world of people control.

i sada se nalazimo u vremenu ljudske kontrole.

Local power, central power, now, people power.

Lokalna moć, centralna moć i sada, moć ljudi.

Now, here is King Cnut, king a thousand years ago.

Ovo je kralj Kanut, koji je vladao pre 1000 godina.

Thought he could turn back the waves; couldn't turn back the waves.

Verovao je da može da odbije talase; nije mogao da ih odbije.

Couldn't actually turn back very much,

U suštini nije mogao mnogo toga da odbije,

because if you were king a thousand years ago,

jer, ako ste bili kralj pre 1000 godina,

while it still took hours and hours and weeks and weeks to traverse your own country,

kada su bili potrebni sati i sati, nedelje da se proputuje svoja zemlja,

there wasn't much you were in charge of.

niste mogli mnogo toga da kontrolišete -

You weren't in charge of policing, justice, education, health, welfare.

policiju, pravosuđe, obrazovanje, zdravstvo, blagostanje.

You could just about go to war and that was about it.

Mogli ste samo da idete u rat i to bi bilo to.

This was the pre-bureaucratic age,

Ovo je bilo doba pre birokratije,

an age in which everything had to be local.

vreme kada je sve moralo biti lokalno.

You had to have local control because there was no nationally-available information

Morali ste imati lokalnu upravu, nije bilo informacija dostupnih nacionalno

because travel was so restricted.

zato što je putovanje bilo ograničeno.

So this was the pre-bureaucratic age.

Ovo je bilo doba pre birokratije.

Next part of the cold history lesson,

Sledeći deo hladne lekcije iz istorije,

the lovely picture of the British Industrial Revolution.

divna slika britanske industrijske revolucije.

Suddenly, all sorts of transport, travel information were possible,

Iznenada, sve vrste transporta, informacije o putovanju, su bile moguće,

and this gave birth to, what I like to call, the bureaucratic age.

i ovo je dovelo do, kako ja volim da nazovem, doba birokratije.

And hopefully this slide is going to morph beautifully. There we are.

Nadam se da će se lepo uklopiti sledeći slajd. Evo nas.

Suddenly, you have the big, strong, central state.

Iznenada, imamo veliku, jaku, centralističku državu.

It was able -- but only it was able -- to organize

Bilo je moguće - ali samo moguće - organizovati

health care, education, policing, justice.

zdravstvo, obrazovanje, policiju i pravosuđe.

And it was a world of, as I say, not local power, but now central power.

I to je bio svet, kako ja kažem, ne lokalne, već sada centralne moći.

It had sucked all that power up from the localities.

Sva moć se crpela iz lokalnih uprava.

It was able to do that itself.

Bilo je mogućnosti za to.

The next great stage, which all of you are so familiar with:

Sladeća velika etapa, sa kojom ste svi vi upoznati,

the massive information revolution.

ogromna revolucija informacija.

Just consider this one fact:

Uzmite u obzir ovu činjenicu:

One hundred years ago, sending these 10 words cost 50 dollars.

pre sto godina, slanje ovih 10 reči, koštalo je 50 dolara.

Right now, here we are linked up to Long Beach and everywhere else,

Sada, evo nas, povezani smo do Long biča, i svuda okolo,

and all these secret locations for a fraction of that cost,

sa svim tim tajnim lokacijama za delić te cene

and we can send and receive huge quantities of information

i možemo da šaljemo i primamo ogromne količine informacija

without it costing anything.

bez ikakvih troškova.

So we're now living in a post-bureaucratic age,

Stoga, mi sada živimo u dobu posle birokratije,

where genuine people power is possible.

gde je prava moć ljudi moguća.

Now, what does this mean for our politics,

Šta to znači za našu politiku,

for our public services, for our government?

za naše javne sektore, za našu vladu?

Well I can't, in the time I've got, give huge numbers of examples,

Nažalost, ne mogu, za vreme koje imam, da navedem veliki broj primera,

but let me just give a few of the ways that life can change.

ali navešću vam nekoliko načina na koje život može da se promeni.

And this is so obvious, in a way, because

I ovo je toliko očigledno, na jedan način,

you think about how all of you have changed

jer razmislite o tome kako ste svi vi promenili

the way we shop, the way we travel, the way that business is done.

način na koji kupujemo, putujemo, na koji se poslovi obavljaju.

That is already happened; the information and Internet revolution

Ovo se već dogodilo; informaciona i internet revolucija

has actually gone all the way through our societies in so many different ways,

je, u stvari, dospela do našeg društva na mnogo različitih načina,

but it hasn't, in every way, yet touched our government.

ali još uvek nije, na svaki način, dotakla našu vladu.

So, how could this happen?

Pa, kako je ovo moguće?

Well, I think there are three chief ways that it should make an enormous difference:

Mislim da postoje tri glavna načina koja bi mogla da naprave ogromnu razliku:

in transparency, in greater choice and in accountability,

transparentnost, veći izbor i odgovornost,

in giving us that genuine people power.

nam mogu dati tu pravu moć ljudi.

If we take transparency, here is one of my favorite websites,

Da uzmemo transparentnost, evo jednog meni omiljenog sajta,

the Missouri Accountability Portal.

Misuri portal za odgovornost.

In the old days, only the government could hold the information,

Ranije je samo vlada mogla da poseduje informacije

and only a few elected people could try and grab that information

i samo nekoliko odabranih ljudi je moglo da pokuša da dođe do tih informacija,

and question it and challenge it.

da ih dovodi u pitanje i osporava.

Now here, on one website, one state in America,

Ovde, sada, na ovom sajtu, u jednoj državi u Americi

every single dollar spent by that government

svaki dolar koji troši njihova vlada

is searchable, is analyzable, is checkable.

može da se nađe, analizira i proveri.

Think of the huge change that means:

Zamislite veliku promenu koja znači:

Any business that wants to bid for a government contract

bilo koji posao koji želi da se nadmeće za ugovor sa vladom

can see what currently is being spent.

može videti šta se trenutno troši.

Anyone thinking, "I could do that service better, I could deliver it cheaper,"

Svakome ko misli: "Ja bih mogao tu uslugu pružiti bolje i za manje novca,"

it's all available there.

tamo je sve dostupno.

We have only, in government and in politics,

Mi smo, u vladi i politici,

started to scratch the surface of what people are doing in the commercial world

zagrebali površinu onoga što ljudi rade u komercijalnom svetu

with the information revolution.

sa informacionom revolucijom.

So, complete transparency will make a huge difference.

Stoga, potpuna transparencija će napraviti velike promene.

In this country, if we win the election,

U ovoj zemlji, ako dobijemo izbore,

we are going to make all government spending over 25,000 pounds

napravićemo sve vladine troškove veće od 25.000 funti

transparent and available online, searchable for anyone to see.

transparentnim i dostupnim na internetu, pretražive za sve koji žele da ih vide.

We're going to make every contract -- we're announcing this today --

Mi ćemo učiniti svaki ugovor - objavljujemo ovo danas -

available on the Internet so anyone can see

dostupnim svima na internetu,

what the terms are, what the conditions are,

da vide koji su uslovi, koje su pogodbe,

driving huge value for money,

upravljanje velikim vrednostima za novac

but also huge increases, I believe, in well-being as well.

ali i velikim porastima, verujem, u dobrobiti, takođe.

Choice. Now you all shop online, compare online, do everything online,

Izbor. Sada svi kupujete na internetu, poredite, sve radite na internetu

and yet this revolution has hardly touched the surface

a opet, ova revolucija je tek dotakla površinu

of public services like education, or health care or policing,

javnih sektora poput obrazovanja, zdravstva ili policije

and you're going to see this change massively.

i vi ćete masovno svedočiti ovoj promeni.

We should be making this change

Trebalo bi da napravimo ovu promenu

with the information revolution in our country,

sa informacionom revolucijom u našoj zemlji,

with searchable health sites, so you can see what operations work out properly,

sa pretraživim medicinskim stranicama, da biste videli koje operacije su uspešne,

what records doctors have, the cleanliness of hospitals,

kakva iskustva imaju doktori, koliko su čiste bolnice,

who does best at infection control --

ko ima najbolju kontrolu infekcije -

all of the information that would once be locked in the Department of Health

sve informacije koje poseduje Ministarstvo zdravlja

is now available for all of us to see.

su sada dostupne svima nama.

And the third of these big changes: accountability.

Treća velika promena: odgovornost.

This, I think, is a huge change.

Ovo je, po mom mišljenju, ogromna promena.

It is a crime map. This is a crime map from Chicago.

Ovo je mapa zločina. Mapa zločina iz Čikaga.

So, instead of having a situation where only the police have the information

Umesto da smo u situaciji u kojoj samo policija poseduje informacije

about which crimes are committed where,

o tome koji su zločini počinjeni i gde,

and we have to employ people in government

mi moramo da zaposlimo ljude u vladi

to try and hold the police to account,

da pokušaju da zadrže policiju odgovornom

suddenly, we've got this vast opportunity for people power,

iznenada, imamo ogromnu priliku za moć ljudi,

where we, as citizens, can see what crimes are being committed --

gde mi, kao građani, možemo da vidimo koji su zločini počinjeni -

where, when and by whom --

gde, kada i ko ih je počinio -

and we can hold the police to account.

i možemo da držimo policiju odgovornom.

And you can see this looks a bit like a chef's hat,

Kao što možete videti, sve ovo je malo nepregledno,

but actually that's an assault, the one in blue.

ali može se videti napad, ono plavo.

You can see what crime is committed where,

Možete videti koji zločin je gde počinjen,

and you have the opportunity to hold your police force to account.

i imate priliku da svoju policiju smatrate odgovornom.

So those three ways -- transparency, accountability and choice --

Stoga ta tri načina - transparentnost, odgovornost i izbor -

will make a huge difference.

će napraviti velike promene.

Now I also said the other principle

Rekao sam, takođe, drugi princip

that I think we should work on is understanding of people,

na kojem, verujem, treba raditi, jeste razumevanje ljudi,

is recognizing that going with the grain of human nature

prepoznavanjem suštine ljudske prirode

you can achieve so much more.

možete postići mnogo više.

Now, we're got a huge revolution in understanding

Imamo pred sobom ogromnu revoluciju u razumevanju

of why people behave in the way that they do,

ljudi i njihovog ponašanja

and a great opportunity to put that knowledge and information to greater use.

i veliku priliku da to znanje i informacije iskoristimo za veće stvari.

We're working with some of these people.

MI radimo sa nekim od ovih ljudi.

We're being advised by some of these people, as was said,

Neki od njih nas savetuju, kao što je rečeno,

to try and bring all the experience to book.

da pokušamo da zabeležimo svo stečeno iskustvo.

Let me just give you one example that I think is incredibly simple, and I love.

Evo jednog jednostavnog primera koji volim.

We want to get people to be more energy efficient.

Mi želimo da navedemo ljude da budu energetski efikasniji.

Why? It cuts fuel poverty, it cuts their bills,

Zašto? To smanjuje nedostatke goriva, smanjuje njihove račune,

and it cuts carbon emissions at the same time.

i emisiju ugljenika.

How do you do it?

Kako to uraditi?

Well, we've had government information campaigns over the years

Imamo, tokom godina, vladine informativne kampanje

when they tell you to switch off the lights when you leave the home.

koje vam govore da isključite svetla kada napuštate kuću.

We even had -- one government minister once told us to

Imali smo čak - jedan ministar nam je jednom rekao

brush our teeth in the dark.

da peremo zube u mraku.

I don't think they lasted very long.

Mislim da to nije dugo trajalo.

Look at what this does. This is a simple piece of behavioral economics.

Pogledajte ovo. Ovo je jednostavan primer bihejvioralne ekonomije.

The best way to get someone to cut their electricity bill

Najbolji način da navedete nekoga da smanji račun za struju

is to show them their own spending,

jeste da im pokažete koliko troše,

to show them what their neighbors are spending,

da im pokažete koliko njihovi susedi troše,

and then show what an energy conscious neighbor is spending.

i onda da im pokažete koliko troši sused koji je svestan energije.

That sort of behavioral economics

Ta vrsta bihejvioralne ekonomije

can transform people's behavior

može promeniti ljudsko ponašanje

in a way that all the bullying and all the information

na način na koji svo vladino maltretiranje i sve informacije

and all the badgering from a government cannot possibly achieve.

i svo navaljivanje ne može da postigne.

Other examples are recycling.

Drugi primer je reciklaža.

We all know we need to recycle more.

Svi znamo da moramo više da recikliramo.

How do we make it happen?

Kako to da uradimo?

All the proof from America is that actually, if you pay people to recycle,

Svi dokazi iz Amerike jesu da, ako platite ljudima da recikliraju

if you give them a carrot rather than a stick,

ako im date nagradu umesto kazne,

you can transform their behavior.

možete da promenite njihovo ponašanje.

So what does all this add up to?

Na šta se svodi sve ovo?

Here are my two favorite U.S. speeches of the last 50 years.

Ovo su moja dva omiljena američka govora u poslednjih 50 godina.

Obviously, here we have JFK with that incredibly simple

Očigledno, imamo Džona F. Kenedija sa neverovatno jednostavnom

and powerful formulation,

ali uticajnom formulacijom:

"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country,"

"Ne pitaj šta može tvoja zemlja da uradi za tebe; pitaj šta ti možeš

an incredibly noble sentiment.

da uradiš za tvoju zemlju", izuzetno plemenita misao.

But when he made that speech, what could you do

Međutim, kada je održao govor, šta ste mogli da uradite

to build the stronger, better society?

da izgradte jače, bolje društvo?

You could fight for your country, you could die for your country,

Mogli ste da se borite za svoju zemlju, da poginete za svoju zemlju.

you could serve in your country's civil service,

mogli ste da služite civilnu službu u zemlji,

but you didn't really have the information and the knowledge

ali niste imali dostupne informacije i znanje

and the ability to help build the stronger society in the way that you do now.

i mogućnost da pomognete pri izgradnji jačeg društva, na način na koji imate danas.

And I think an even more wonderful speech,

I, verujem, još lepši govor,

which I'm going to read a big chunk of,

od kojeg ću vam pročitati veći deo,

which sums up what I said at the beginning

koji sumira ono što sam rekao na početku,

about believing there is more to life than money,

o verovanju da postoji nešto više u životu od novca

and more that we should try and measure than money.

i više toga što bi trebalo da vrednujemo, od novca.

And it is Robert Kennedy's beautiful description

Izuzetan opis Roberta Kenedija

of why gross national product captures so little:

zašto bruto nacionali proizvod zahvata tako malo:

It "does not allow for the health of our children,

"Ne omogućava zdravlje naše dece,

the quality of their education, or the joy of their play.

kvalitet njihovog obrazovanja i radost u njihovoj igri.

It does not include the beauty of our poetry or the strength of our marriages,

Ne podrazumeva lepotu naše poezije ili stabilnost naših brakova,

the intelligence of our public debate.

inteligenciju naših javnih debata.

It measures neither our wit nor our courage,

Ne meri ni naš smisao za humor ni našu hrabrost

neither our wisdom nor our learning,

niti našu mudrost ili učenje,

neither our compassion nor our devotion to our country.

niti naše saosećanje ni našu posvećenost našoj zemlji.

It measures everything, in short,

Meri sve, ukratko rečeno,

except that which makes life worthwhile."

osim onoga za šta vredi živeti."

Again, a sentiment that was so noble and beautifully put 40 years ago,

Opet, misao tako plemenita i lepa, izneta pre 40 godina,

and a beautiful dream 40 years ago,

divan san pre 40 godina,

but now with the huge advances in information technology,

ali sada sa ogromnim prednostima u informacionim tehnologijama

with the massive changes in behavioral economics,

i masivnim promenama u bihejvioralnoj ekonomiji,

with all that we know about how you advance well-being,

sa svim što znamo o tome kako pospešiti dobrobit,

that if we combine those insights

ako udružimo ta shvatanja

of giving power to people, and using information to make that possible,

o davanju moći ljudima i korišćenju informacija da bi se to postiglo,

and using the insight of going with the grain of human nature,

i upotrebom shvatanja o razumevanju suštine ljudske prirode,

while at the same time, understanding why people behave in the way they do,

dok u isto vreme razumemo zašto se ljudi ponašaju na način na koji se ponašaju,

it is a dream more easy to realize today

to je san koji je mnogo lakše ostvariti danas

than it was when it was made in that beautiful speech 40 years ago.

nego što je bilo pre 40 godina kada je ovaj divan govor bio održan.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz.)