David Cameron: The next age of government

129,144 views ใƒป 2010-02-18

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Lee Aldar ืžื‘ืงืจ: Avshalom Aloni
00:16
Someone once said that politics is, of course, "showbiz for ugly people."
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ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืคืขื ืืžืจ ืฉ, "ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื", ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, "ืขืกืงื™ ื”ืฉืขืฉื•ืขื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืžื›ื•ืขืจื™ื."
00:21
So, on that basis, I feel like I've really arrived.
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ืื– ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื–ื” ืื ื™ ื‘ืืžืช ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื”ื’ืขืชื™.
00:25
The other thing to think of is what an honor it is, as a politician,
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืœืขืฆืžื™ ื–ื” ืื™ื–ื” ืžื™ืŸ ื›ื‘ื•ื“ ื–ื”, ื›ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™,
00:28
to give a TED talk, particularly here in the U.K.,
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ืœื”ืจืฆื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ TED, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื›ืืŸ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”,
00:31
where the reputation of politics, with the expenses scandal, has sunk so low.
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ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”, ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ืฉืขืจื•ืจื™ื™ืช ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช, ื™ืจื“ ื ืžื•ืš ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
00:37
There was even a story recently that scientists had thought about
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ื”ื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืžื“ืขื ื™ื ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ
00:41
actually replacing rats in their experiments with politicians.
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ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ื‘ื ื™ืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืขื ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื
00:46
And someone asked,"Why?"
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ื•ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฉืืœ, "ืœืžื”?"
00:48
and they said, "Well, there's no shortage of politicians,
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ื•ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื™ืŸ ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื.
00:52
no one really minds what happens to them
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ืœืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืžืฉ ืื›ืคืช ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืœื”ื.
00:55
and, after all, there are some things that rats just won't do."
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ื•ืœืžืจื•ืช ื”ื›ืœ, ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื—ื•ืœื“ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ื™ืขืฉื•."
00:58
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:00
Now, I know you all love data, so I'm starting with a data-rich slide.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืฉื›ื•ืœื›ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ื ืชื•ื ื™ื, ืื– ืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ืžืœืื” ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื
01:04
This, I think, is the most important fact to bear in mind
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ื–ื•ื”ื™, ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืงื—ืช ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ
01:07
in British politics or American politics,
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ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ืช ืื• ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช,
01:11
and that is: We have run out of money.
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ื•ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื™ื, ืฉื ื’ืžืจ ืœื ื• ื”ื›ืกืฃ.
01:13
We have vast budget deficits.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื—ืกื•ืจ ืขืฆื•ื ื‘ืชืงืฆื™ื‘.
01:16
This is my global public debt clock,
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ื–ื”ื• ืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ ืฉืœื™
01:19
and, as you can see, it's 32 trillion and counting.
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ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืžื“ ืขืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื ื•ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ.
01:23
And I think what this leads to
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืืœื™ื•
01:25
is a very simple recognition,
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ื–ื• ืžืกืงื ื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืžืื•ื“.
01:28
that there's one question in politics at the moment above all other,
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื›ืจื’ืข ืฉืืœื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืžืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช
01:31
and it's this one: How do we make things better without spending more money?
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ื•ื”ื™ื: ืื™ืš ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ืœื™ ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื›ืกืฃ?
01:36
Because there isn't going to be a lot of money to improve public services,
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ื›ื™ ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ ืœืฉืคืจ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื
01:40
or to improve government, or to improve so many of the things
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ืื• ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ, ืื• ืœืฉืคืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื
01:43
that politicians talk about.
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ืฉืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื.
01:45
So what follows from that is that if you think it's all about money --
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ืื– ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื–ื”, ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื›ืœ ืชืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ืกืฃ,
01:51
you can only measure success in public services
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ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื ืžื“ื“ืช ืืš ื•ืจืง ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื
01:54
in health care and education and policing by spending more money,
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ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื•ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื•ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืขื•ื“ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืขื•ื“ ื›ืกืคื™ื,
01:58
you can only measure progress by spending money --
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ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื•ืฆืืช ื›ืกืคื™ื,
02:01
you're going to have a pretty miserable time.
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ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื›ื ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื ืงืœื™ื.
02:04
But if you think a whole lot of other things matter that lead up to well being --
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืฉืชื•ืจืžื™ื ืœืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
02:08
things like your family relationships, friendship, community, values --
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ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืžื• ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื, ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช, ืงื”ื™ืœื”, ืขืจื›ื™ื,
02:11
then, actually, this is an incredibly exciting time to be in politics.
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ืื–, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืงื•ืคื” ืžืจื’ืฉืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”.
02:16
And the really simple argument I want to make tonight,
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ื•ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื”ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”,
02:18
the really straightforward argument is this:
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ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ื”ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืžืื•ื“ ื”ื•ื ื–ื”,
02:20
That if we combine the right political philosophy, the right political thinking,
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ืฉืื ื ืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”, ื”ื—ืฉื™ื‘ื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื”,
02:26
with the incredible information revolution that has taken place,
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ืขื ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืฉื”ืชืงื™ื™ืžื”,
02:30
and that all of you know so much more about than I do,
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ื•ืฉื›ื•ืœื›ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื ื™,
02:34
I think there's an incredible opportunity to actually remake politics,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืงื™ื™ืžืช ืคื” ืœืžืขืฉื” ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
02:38
remake government, remake public services,
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ,
02:41
and achieve what's up on that slide, which is a big increase in our well-being.
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ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื ืžืฆื ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช, ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืœื™ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•.
02:46
That's the argument I want to make tonight.
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ื–ื” ื”ื˜ื™ืขื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืœื”.
02:49
So, starting with the political philosophy.
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ืื–, ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืขื ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช
02:52
Now I'm not saying for a minute that British Conservatives have all the answers.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื™ ืœื ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืœืจื’ืข ืฉืœืงื•ื ืกืจื‘ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื™ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช.
02:55
Of course we don't.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื ื•.
02:57
But there are two things at heart that I think drive a conservative philosophy
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื™ื ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืžื ื™ืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื”ืงื•ื ืกืจื‘ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช
03:02
that are really relevant to this whole debate.
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ืฉื’ื ืžืื•ื“ ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื ืœื ื•ืฉื ื”ื–ื”.
03:04
The first is this: We believe that if you give people
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื–ื”, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ืฉืื ืืชื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืื ืฉื™ื
03:06
more power and control over their lives,
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ื•ื— ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื,
03:09
if you give people more choice,
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ืื ืืชื” ื ื•ืชืŸ ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”,
03:11
if you put them in the driving seat,
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ืื ืืชื” ืฉื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื‘ ื”ื ื”ื’,
03:13
then actually, you can create a stronger and better society.
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ืื–, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื—ื‘ืจื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:16
And if you marry this fact with the incredible abundance
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ื•ืื ืืชื” ืžืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช ืขื ื”ืฉืคืข ื”ืœื ื™ืืžืŸ
03:20
of information that we have in our world today,
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ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื,
03:22
I think you can completely, as I've said,
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืืชื” ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™,
03:24
remake politics, remake government, remake your public services.
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืžื—ื“ืฉ.
03:29
The second thing we believe is we believe in going with the grain of human nature.
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉื ื™ ื‘ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืœืœื›ืช ืขื ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื“ื.
03:33
Politics and politicians will only succeed
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ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื ื™ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืืš ื•ืจืง
03:36
if they actually try and treat with people as they are,
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ืื ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ื™ื ืกื• ืœื ื”ื•ื’ ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื,
03:41
rather than as they would like them to be.
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ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืื™ืš ืฉื”ื ื”ื™ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื•.
03:44
Now, if you combine this very simple, very conservative thought --
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ืืชื ืžืฉืœื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžืื•ื“ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื”, ื”ืžืื•ื“ ืงื•ื ืกืจื‘ื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช-
03:47
go with the grain of human nature --
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ืœืœื›ืช ืขื ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื“ื-
03:49
with all the advances in behavioral economics,
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ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื“ื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช
03:52
some of which we were just hearing about,
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ืฉืขืœ ื—ืœืงื ืจืง ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืฉืžืขื ื•,
03:54
again, I think we can achieve a real increase in well-being,
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
03:57
in happiness, in a stronger society
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ื‘ืฉืžื—ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:00
without necessarily having to spend a whole lot more money.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ื•ืฆื™ื ืขื•ื“ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ.
04:04
Now, why do I think now is the moment to make this argument?
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœืฆืืช ื‘ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ื”ื–ืืช?
04:08
Well, I'm afraid you're going to suffer a short, condensed history lesson
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื—ื•ืฉืฉื ื™ ืฉืชืืœืฆื• ืœืกื‘ื•ืœ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืงืฆืจ ื•ืžืจื•ื›ื–
04:12
about what I would say are the three passages of history:
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ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ื›ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ืชืงื•ืคื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
04:15
the pre-bureaucratic age, the bureaucratic age
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ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืงื“ื-ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™, ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™,
04:19
and what we now live in, which I think is a post-bureaucratic age.
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ื•ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื• ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืฉืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืกื˜-ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™.
04:22
A simpler way of thinking of it
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ื“ืจืš ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื”
04:24
is that we have gone from a world of local control,
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ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื’ืขื ื• ืžืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช,
04:28
then we went to a world of central control,
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ื•ืื– ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช,
04:31
and now we're in a world of people control.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
04:33
Local power, central power, now, people power.
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ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช, ืฉืœื™ื˜ืช ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจ.
04:36
Now, here is King Cnut, king a thousand years ago.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ื ื” ื”ืžืœืš ืงื ื•ื˜, ืžืœืš ืœืคื ื™ ืืœืฃ ืฉื ื”.
04:40
Thought he could turn back the waves; couldn't turn back the waves.
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ื—ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื›ืœ ืœืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ื’ืœื™ื, ืœื ื™ื›ืœ ืœืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืืช ื”ื’ืœื™ื.
04:43
Couldn't actually turn back very much,
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ืœื ื™ื›ืœ, ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืœืกื•ื‘ื‘ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื‘ื›ืœืœ,
04:45
because if you were king a thousand years ago,
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ื›ื™ ืื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืžืœืš ืœืคื ื™ ืืœืฃ ืฉื ื”,
04:47
while it still took hours and hours and weeks and weeks to traverse your own country,
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ื›ืฉืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื” ืœื•ืงื— ืœืš ืฉืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉืขื•ืช ื•ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื’ื‘ื™ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืœื—ืฆื•ืช ืืช ื”ืืจืฅ ืฉืœืš,
04:52
there wasn't much you were in charge of.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืื—ืจืื™ ืœื”ืจื‘ื”.
04:54
You weren't in charge of policing, justice, education, health, welfare.
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืช ืื—ืจืื™ ืขืœ ืžืฉื˜ืจ, ืฆื“ืง, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืจื•ื•ื—ื”.
04:57
You could just about go to war and that was about it.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฆืืช ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื•ื‘ื–ื” ืคื—ื•ืช ืื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื’ืžืจ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
05:01
This was the pre-bureaucratic age,
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืคืจื”-ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™,
05:03
an age in which everything had to be local.
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ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืžื™.
05:07
You had to have local control because there was no nationally-available information
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœืš ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช ื›ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื™ื“ืข ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืžืœื›ืชื™
05:12
because travel was so restricted.
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ื›ื™ ื ืกื™ืขื” ืžืžืงื•ื ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช.
05:14
So this was the pre-bureaucratic age.
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ืื– ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ืคืจื”-ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™.
05:16
Next part of the cold history lesson,
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ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื‘ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืงืœื™ืœ,
05:18
the lovely picture of the British Industrial Revolution.
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ื”ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื ืคืœืื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืชื™ืช ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
05:21
Suddenly, all sorts of transport, travel information were possible,
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ืœืคืชืข, ืกื•ื’ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืชื—ื‘ื•ืจื”, ื ืกื™ืขื•ืช, ื•ืžื™ื“ืข ื ืขืฉื• ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื,
05:25
and this gave birth to, what I like to call, the bureaucratic age.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœื›ื ื•ืช ื”ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™.
05:29
And hopefully this slide is going to morph beautifully. There we are.
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ื•ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ืฉืงื•ืคื™ืช ื”ื–ืืช ืชืชื—ืœืฃ ื™ืคื”. ื”ื ื”.
05:32
Suddenly, you have the big, strong, central state.
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ืคืชืื•ื, ื™ืฉ ืœืš ืืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื”ื—ื–ืงื”, ื”ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช.
05:36
It was able -- but only it was able -- to organize
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ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช, ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ืื– ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช, ืœืืจื’ืŸ
05:40
health care, education, policing, justice.
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ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืžืฉื˜ืจ, ืฆื“ืง.
05:43
And it was a world of, as I say, not local power, but now central power.
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืืžืจืชื™, ืœื ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืงื•ืžื™ืช, ืืœื ื›ืขืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช.
05:48
It had sucked all that power up from the localities.
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ื”ืฉืœื˜ื•ืŸ ืฉืื‘ ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื–ืืช ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื” ื”ืื–ื•ืจื™ืช.
05:51
It was able to do that itself.
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื•.
05:54
The next great stage, which all of you are so familiar with:
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ื”ืฉืœื‘ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื, ืฉืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื,
05:57
the massive information revolution.
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ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
06:00
Just consider this one fact:
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ืงื—ื• ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื‘ืื”.
06:03
One hundred years ago, sending these 10 words cost 50 dollars.
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ืœืคื ื™ ืžืื” ืฉื ื”, ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืืช ืขืฉืจ ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• ืขืœื” ื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื“ื•ืœืจ.
06:07
Right now, here we are linked up to Long Beach and everywhere else,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืœืœื•ื ื’ ื‘ื™ืฅ' ื•ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืื—ืจ,
06:10
and all these secret locations for a fraction of that cost,
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ืœืฉื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœื•ืช ื”ื–ืืช,
06:13
and we can send and receive huge quantities of information
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื•ืœืงื‘ืœ ื›ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ื“ืข
06:17
without it costing anything.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืขืœื” ืœื ื• ื“ื‘ืจ.
06:19
So we're now living in a post-bureaucratic age,
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ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื›ืขืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ืคื•ืกื˜-ื‘ื™ืจื•ืงืจื˜ื™,
06:24
where genuine people power is possible.
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ืฉื‘ื• ืงื™ื™ื ื›ื•ื— ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืื ืฉื™ื.
06:28
Now, what does this mean for our politics,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืžื” ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื ื•,
06:31
for our public services, for our government?
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ื‘ื”ืงืฉืจ ืœืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื, ืœืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื ื•?
06:34
Well I can't, in the time I've got, give huge numbers of examples,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ ืื™ื ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ, ื‘ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™, ืœืชืช ืžืกืคืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช,
06:38
but let me just give a few of the ways that life can change.
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ืืš ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืจืง ืœื”ื“ื’ื™ื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชื ื•ืช.
06:43
And this is so obvious, in a way, because
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ื•ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื‘ืจื•ืจ, ื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื, ื›ื™
06:45
you think about how all of you have changed
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ืื ืืชื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ืš ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืฉื™ื ื™ืชื
06:47
the way we shop, the way we travel, the way that business is done.
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ืืช ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืงื•ื ื™ื, ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื˜ื™ื™ืœื™ื, ื”ื“ืจืš ืฉื‘ื” ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืขืกืงื™ื.
06:51
That is already happened; the information and Internet revolution
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ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืงืจื”; ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜
06:54
has actually gone all the way through our societies in so many different ways,
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ืœืžืขืฉื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื“ืจื›ื™ื,
06:58
but it hasn't, in every way, yet touched our government.
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ืืš ื”ื™ื ืขื•ื“ ืœื, ื‘ืฉื•ื ื“ืจืš, ื”ืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืฉืœื ื•.
07:01
So, how could this happen?
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ืื ื›ืš, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช?
07:03
Well, I think there are three chief ways that it should make an enormous difference:
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื•ืช ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™:
07:07
in transparency, in greater choice and in accountability,
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ื‘ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช, ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื•ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื—,
07:11
in giving us that genuine people power.
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ื‘ื›ืš ืฉื™ื™ื ืชืŸ ืœื ื• ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ ื”ื”ื•ื.
07:15
If we take transparency, here is one of my favorite websites,
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ืื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช, ื”ื ื” ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืืชืจื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™,
07:19
the Missouri Accountability Portal.
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ืืชืจ ื”ื“ื™ื•ื•ื— ืฉืœ ืžื™ืกื•ืจื™.
07:22
In the old days, only the government could hold the information,
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ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง, ืจืง ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื™ื›ืœื” ืœืื—ื•ื– ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข,
07:25
and only a few elected people could try and grab that information
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ื•ืจืง ืžืกืคืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”
07:29
and question it and challenge it.
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ื•ืœืคืงืคืง ื‘ื• ื•ืœืขืจืขืจ ืขืœื™ื•.
07:31
Now here, on one website, one state in America,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืืŸ, ื‘ืืชืจ ืื—ื“, ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืืžืจื™ืงื”,
07:35
every single dollar spent by that government
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ื›ืœ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืฉื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ืžื•ืฆื™ืื”
07:39
is searchable, is analyzable, is checkable.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื ื™ืชื•ื—, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื‘ื“ื™ืงื”.
07:42
Think of the huge change that means:
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ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืœื™ื• ื–ื” ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ.
07:44
Any business that wants to bid for a government contract
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ื›ืœ ืขืกืง ืฉืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืชื—ืจื•ืช ืขืœ ื—ื•ื–ื” ืžื“ื™ื ื™
07:47
can see what currently is being spent.
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื” ื›ืจื’ืข ืžื•ืฉืงืข ืฉื.
07:49
Anyone thinking, "I could do that service better, I could deliver it cheaper,"
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ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื–ื” ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื–ื” ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
07:52
it's all available there.
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ื”ื›ืœ ื–ืžื™ืŸ ื›ืืŸ.
07:54
We have only, in government and in politics,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงื”,
07:57
started to scratch the surface of what people are doing in the commercial world
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ื”ืชื—ืœื ื• ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช ืขื ืžื” ืฉืื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืขืกืงื™ื
08:01
with the information revolution.
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ืขื ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข.
08:03
So, complete transparency will make a huge difference.
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ืื–, ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช ืžืœืื” ืชื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืฆื•ื.
08:06
In this country, if we win the election,
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ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช, ืื ื ื ืฆื— ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช,
08:08
we are going to make all government spending over 25,000 pounds
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืขืœ ืขืฉืจื™ื ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืืœืฃ ืคืื•ื ื“
08:12
transparent and available online, searchable for anyone to see.
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ื ื’ื™ืฉ ื•ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืœืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืขื™ื•ืŸ.
08:16
We're going to make every contract -- we're announcing this today --
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืชื›ื•ื•ื ื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ื›ืœ ื”ืกื›ื, ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื›ืจื™ื–ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš ื”ื™ื•ื,
08:20
available on the Internet so anyone can see
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ืœื–ืžื™ืŸ ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜, ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืจืื•ืช
08:22
what the terms are, what the conditions are,
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ืžื” ื”ื ื”ืชื ืื™ื, ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืฆื‘,
08:24
driving huge value for money,
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ืชื•ืš ื”ืคืงืช ืขืจืš ืขื ืง ืœื›ืกืฃ
08:26
but also huge increases, I believe, in well-being as well.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืขื ืงื™ืช, ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ, ื‘ืจื•ื•ื—ื” ื’ื ื›ืŸ.
08:32
Choice. Now you all shop online, compare online, do everything online,
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ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”. ื›ื•ืœื›ื ืงื•ื ื™ื ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืžืฉื•ื•ื™ื ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ, ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื”ื›ืœ ืื•ื ืœื™ื™ืŸ,
08:38
and yet this revolution has hardly touched the surface
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืงื•ืฉื™ ื ื’ืขื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจื™ื
08:40
of public services like education, or health care or policing,
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ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื›ืžื• ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ืื• ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช, ืื• ืžืฉื˜ืจ,
08:44
and you're going to see this change massively.
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ื•ืืชื ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื” ืžืฉืชื ื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช.
08:47
We should be making this change
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื”ื–ื”
08:49
with the information revolution in our country,
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ืขื ืžื”ืคื›ืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•,
08:51
with searchable health sites, so you can see what operations work out properly,
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ืขื ืืชืจื™ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืœื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ, ื›ืš ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืœื• ื ื™ืชื•ื—ื™ื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืฉืฆืจื™ืš,
08:56
what records doctors have, the cleanliness of hospitals,
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ืžื” ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืคืื™ื, ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ื ื™ืงื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื‘ืชื™ ื—ื•ืœื™ื,
08:59
who does best at infection control --
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ืžื™ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื‘ืคื™ืงื•ื— ื–ื™ื”ื•ื,
09:01
all of the information that would once be locked in the Department of Health
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ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืฉืคืขื ื”ื™ื” ื ืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช,
09:05
is now available for all of us to see.
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ื”ื•ื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ืœืจืื•ืช.
09:08
And the third of these big changes: accountability.
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ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืฉื‘ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคื™ืงื•ื—.
09:12
This, I think, is a huge change.
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ื–ื”, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืจืฆื™ื ื™.
09:14
It is a crime map. This is a crime map from Chicago.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืคืช ืคืฉืข. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืคืช ืคืฉืข ืžืฉื™ืงื’ื•.
09:18
So, instead of having a situation where only the police have the information
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ืื–, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ื‘ื”ื ืจืง ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื” ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
09:21
about which crimes are committed where,
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ืขืœ ืื™ืœื• ืคืฉืขื™ื ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขื™ื ืื™ืคื”,
09:24
and we have to employ people in government
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื”,
09:27
to try and hold the police to account,
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžืฉื˜ืจื” ืœืชืช ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ,
09:29
suddenly, we've got this vast opportunity for people power,
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ืœืคืชืข, ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœื ื• ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื”ื–ืืช ืœื›ื•ื— ืื ื•ืฉื™
09:32
where we, as citizens, can see what crimes are being committed --
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ื‘ื” ืื ื—ื ื•, ื›ืื–ืจื—ื™ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืœื• ืคืฉืขื™ื ืžืชื‘ืฆืขื™ื,
09:35
where, when and by whom --
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ื”ื™ื›ืŸ, ืžืชื™, ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื™,
09:37
and we can hold the police to account.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืคืงื— ืขืœ ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจื”.
09:39
And you can see this looks a bit like a chef's hat,
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ื•ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื–ื”, ื ืจืื” ื›ืžื• ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ื‘ืข ืžืคืงื“,
09:41
but actually that's an assault, the one in blue.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ื–ืืช ืชืงื™ืคื”, ื–ื” ื‘ื›ื—ื•ืœ.
09:44
You can see what crime is committed where,
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ื–ื” ืคืฉืข ืžืชื‘ืฆืข ืื™ืคื”,
09:46
and you have the opportunity to hold your police force to account.
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ืขื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจืชื™ ืฉืœื›ื.
09:49
So those three ways -- transparency, accountability and choice --
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ืื– ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•ื™, ืฉืงื™ืคื•ืช, ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ื•ื‘ื—ื™ืจื”,
09:55
will make a huge difference.
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ื™ื—ื•ืœืœื• ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืขืฆื•ื.
09:57
Now I also said the other principle
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื–ื›ืจืชื™ ื’ื ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ
09:59
that I think we should work on is understanding of people,
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ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื,
10:01
is recognizing that going with the grain of human nature
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ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ืจืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ืฉืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื“ื
10:05
you can achieve so much more.
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ืชื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:07
Now, we're got a huge revolution in understanding
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ืขื™ืฆื•ืžื” ืฉืœ ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืขืฆื•ืžื” ื‘ื”ื‘ื ื”
10:09
of why people behave in the way that they do,
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ืฉืœ ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื,
10:12
and a great opportunity to put that knowledge and information to greater use.
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ื•ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืจื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื”.
10:17
We're working with some of these people.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ืขื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
10:19
We're being advised by some of these people, as was said,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื™ื•ืขืฆื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืœืœื•, ื›ืคื™ ืฉื ืืžืจ,
10:22
to try and bring all the experience to book.
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™.
10:26
Let me just give you one example that I think is incredibly simple, and I love.
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ืชื ื• ืœื™ ืจืง ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื—ืช ืฉืื ื™ ืžื•ืฆื ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืœืžื“ื™, ื•ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘.
10:30
We want to get people to be more energy efficient.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฆืจื›ื ื™ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
10:32
Why? It cuts fuel poverty, it cuts their bills,
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ืžื“ื•ืข? ื–ื” ื—ื•ืกืš ื‘ืขื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื“ืœืง, ื–ื” ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช,
10:36
and it cuts carbon emissions at the same time.
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ื•ื–ื” ื—ื•ืกืš ื‘ืคืœื™ื˜ื•ืช ืคื—ืžืŸ ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
10:38
How do you do it?
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ืื™ืš ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื–ื”?
10:40
Well, we've had government information campaigns over the years
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ืชืขืžื•ืœื•ืช ืžืžืฉืœืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ืฉื ื™ื
10:42
when they tell you to switch off the lights when you leave the home.
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ื‘ื”ื ืืžืจื• ืœื›ื ืœื›ื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืื•ืจื•ืช ื›ืฉืืชื ืขื•ื–ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื‘ื™ืช.
10:45
We even had -- one government minister once told us to
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื•, ืฉืจ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ืคืขื ืืžืจ ืœื ื•,
10:48
brush our teeth in the dark.
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ืฆื—ืฆื—ื• ืฉื ื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ืฉื›ื”.
10:50
I don't think they lasted very long.
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ืงืฉื” ืœื™ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ื ืžืฉืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ.
10:52
Look at what this does. This is a simple piece of behavioral economics.
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ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ื‘ืžื” ืฉื–ื” ืขื•ืฉื”. ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ื“ื’ืžื” ืคืฉื•ื˜ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช.
10:56
The best way to get someone to cut their electricity bill
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ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืœืงืฆืฅ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ืฉืœื•
10:59
is to show them their own spending,
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ื”ื™ื ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื• ืืช ื”ื”ื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœื•,
11:01
to show them what their neighbors are spending,
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ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื• ื›ืžื” ื”ืฉื›ื ื™ื ืฉืœื• ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื,
11:04
and then show what an energy conscious neighbor is spending.
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ื•ืื– ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืœื• ื›ืžื” ืฉื›ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืข ื•ื—ืกื›ืŸ ืžื•ืฆื™ื.
11:07
That sort of behavioral economics
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ื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช
11:10
can transform people's behavior
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
11:12
in a way that all the bullying and all the information
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ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื‘ื• ื›ืœ ื”ืื™ื•ืžื™ื ื•ื›ืœ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข
11:15
and all the badgering from a government cannot possibly achieve.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื”ื˜ืจื“ื•ืช ืžืžืžืฉืœื”, ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ื ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’.
11:19
Other examples are recycling.
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ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ื•ืกืคืช ื”ื™ื, ืžื™ื—ื–ื•ืจ.
11:21
We all know we need to recycle more.
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ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืžื—ื–ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:23
How do we make it happen?
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ืื™ืš ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืœื–ื” ืœืงืจื•ืช?
11:25
All the proof from America is that actually, if you pay people to recycle,
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ื”ื”ื•ื›ื—ื” ืžืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื, ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืฉืื ืžืฉืœืžื™ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœืžื—ื–ืจ
11:29
if you give them a carrot rather than a stick,
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ืื ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ืœื”ื ื’ื–ืจ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืงืœ,
11:31
you can transform their behavior.
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ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
11:34
So what does all this add up to?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ื”ื›ืœ ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœ?
11:36
Here are my two favorite U.S. speeches of the last 50 years.
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ื”ื ื” ืฉื ื™ ื”ื ืื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื”ืื”ื•ื‘ื™ื ืขืœื™ ืžื—ืžื™ืฉื™ื ื”ืฉื ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช.
11:44
Obviously, here we have JFK with that incredibly simple
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื’'ื•ืŸ ืค. ืงื ื“ื™ ืขื ื”ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช ื”ืœื ื™ืื•ืžื ืช
11:48
and powerful formulation,
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื— ื”ื—ื–ืง ื”ื–ื”,
11:50
"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country,"
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"ืืœ ืชืฉืืœ ืžื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœืš; ืฉืืœ ืžื” ืืชื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”"
11:55
an incredibly noble sentiment.
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ืจื’ืฉ ืืฆื™ืœื™ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
11:57
But when he made that speech, what could you do
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ื ืื•ื ื”ื–ื”, ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช
12:00
to build the stronger, better society?
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื•ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ?
12:02
You could fight for your country, you could die for your country,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื”ืœื—ื ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš, ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืžื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš,
12:05
you could serve in your country's civil service,
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ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืฉืจืช ื‘ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœืš,
12:07
but you didn't really have the information and the knowledge
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ืืš ืœื ื‘ืืžืช ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ,ื•ื”ื™ื“ืข,
12:11
and the ability to help build the stronger society in the way that you do now.
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ื•ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื” ื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืคื™ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœืš ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
12:16
And I think an even more wonderful speech,
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ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘, ื ืื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื ืคืœื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
12:19
which I'm going to read a big chunk of,
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ืฉืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœืงืจื•ื ื—ืœืง ื ื›ื‘ื“ ืžืžื ื•,
12:23
which sums up what I said at the beginning
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ืฉืžืกื›ื ืžื” ืฉืืžืจืชื™ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”
12:25
about believing there is more to life than money,
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ืขืœ ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ืกืฃ,
12:28
and more that we should try and measure than money.
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ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื•ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืกืฃ.
12:31
And it is Robert Kennedy's beautiful description
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ื•ื–ื”ื• ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื” ืฉืœ ืจื•ื‘ืจื˜ ืงื ื“ื™
12:33
of why gross national product captures so little:
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ืขืœ ืœืžื” ื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™ ื ืžื•ืš ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
12:36
It "does not allow for the health of our children,
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ื–ื”, "ืœื ืœื•ืงื— ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•,
12:39
the quality of their education, or the joy of their play.
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ืืช ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœื”ื, ืื• ื”ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื—ืง.
12:42
It does not include the beauty of our poetry or the strength of our marriages,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื™ื•ืคื™ ื”ืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ืื• ืืช ื›ื•ื— ื”ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ;
12:46
the intelligence of our public debate.
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ืืช ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื ื•.
12:48
It measures neither our wit nor our courage,
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ื–ื” ืžื•ื“ื“ ืœื ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฉื™ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœื ืืช ื”ืื•ืžืฅ,
12:51
neither our wisdom nor our learning,
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ืœื ืืช ื”ืชื‘ื•ื ื” ืฉืœื ื• ื•ืœื ืืช ื”ืœืžื™ื“ื”,
12:53
neither our compassion nor our devotion to our country.
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ืœื ืืช ื”ื—ืžืœื” ืฉืœื ื• ืื• ืืช ื”ื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
12:56
It measures everything, in short,
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ื–ื” ืžืฉืงืฃ ื”ื›ืœ, ื‘ืงื™ืฆื•ืจ,
12:58
except that which makes life worthwhile."
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ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ื•ืคืš ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ืœืฉื•ื•ื™ ืขืจืš."
13:01
Again, a sentiment that was so noble and beautifully put 40 years ago,
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ืฉื•ื‘, ืจื’ืฉ ืฉื”ื•ื‘ื ืœื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ื” ืืฆื™ืœื™ ื•ื™ืคื”ืคื” ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”,
13:06
and a beautiful dream 40 years ago,
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ื•ื”ื™ื” ื—ืœื•ื ื™ืคื”ืคื” ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”,
13:09
but now with the huge advances in information technology,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืขื ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ืžื™ื“ืข,
13:13
with the massive changes in behavioral economics,
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ืขื ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช,
13:16
with all that we know about how you advance well-being,
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ืขื ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ืœื ื• ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ื‘ืจืžืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื,
13:20
that if we combine those insights
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ืฉืื ื ืฉืœื‘ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ื ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•,
13:22
of giving power to people, and using information to make that possible,
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ืฉืœ ื ืชื™ื ืช ื›ื•ื— ืœืื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื–ื” ืœืืคืฉืจื™,
13:26
and using the insight of going with the grain of human nature,
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ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืชื•ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ืงื‘ืœืช ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืข ื”ืื“ื,
13:30
while at the same time, understanding why people behave in the way they do,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื“ื•ืข ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื ืื™ืš ืฉื”ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ื™ื,
13:34
it is a dream more easy to realize today
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ื–ื”ื• ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื•ื
13:38
than it was when it was made in that beautiful speech 40 years ago.
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ืžืืฉืจ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืขืœื” ื‘ื ืื•ื ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื” ื”ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืืจื‘ืขื™ื ืฉื ื”.
13:42
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื
13:44
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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