David Cameron: The next age of government

128,902 views ใƒป 2010-02-18

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jung-Shin Park ๊ฒ€ํ† : Dae-won Jeong
00:16
Someone once said that politics is, of course, "showbiz for ugly people."
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ–ˆ์ฃ , "์ •์น˜๋ž€, ์ถ”์žกํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†๋ฌผ์‚ฐ์—…์ด๋‹ค." ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
So, on that basis, I feel like I've really arrived.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋”ฐ์ง€๋ฉด, ์ „ ์ •๋ง ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ตฐ์š”.
00:25
The other thing to think of is what an honor it is, as a politician,
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๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋“œ๋Š” ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์€,
00:28
to give a TED talk, particularly here in the U.K.,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ •์น˜์ธ์œผ๋กœ์„œ TED ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํฐ ์˜๊ด‘์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
where the reputation of politics, with the expenses scandal, has sunk so low.
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ํŠนํžˆ ์ตœ๊ทผ ๋ถ€ํŒจ ์Šค์บ”๋“ค๋กœ ์ •์น˜์ธ์˜ ํ‰ํŒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๊นŒ์ง€ ์นจ๋ชฐํ•ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด ๊ณณ, ์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
00:37
There was even a story recently that scientists had thought about
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ตœ๊ทผ์—๋Š” ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์ด ์‹คํ—˜์— ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ฅ๋ฅผ
00:41
actually replacing rats in their experiments with politicians.
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์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ต์ฒดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๋ฏผํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:46
And someone asked,"Why?"
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ดค์ฃ , "์™œ์š”?"
00:48
and they said, "Well, there's no shortage of politicians,
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๊ทธ๋žฌ๋”๋‹ˆ ๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค ๆ›ฐ "์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ด์š”, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์ €๊ธฐ ๋„๋ฆฐ๊ฒŒ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด๊ณ ,
00:52
no one really minds what happens to them
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋“ ์ง€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์ƒ๊ด€ ์•ˆํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
00:55
and, after all, there are some things that rats just won't do."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์‹คํ—˜ ์ค‘์—” ์ƒ์ฅ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”."
00:58
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)
01:00
Now, I know you all love data, so I'm starting with a data-rich slide.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•œ ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ ํ•œ ์žฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:04
This, I think, is the most important fact to bear in mind
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ด๊ฑด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋…ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:07
in British politics or American politics,
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์˜๊ตญ ์ •์น˜๋“  ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ •์น˜๋“ ๊ฐ„์— ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
01:11
and that is: We have run out of money.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:13
We have vast budget deficits.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ ์ ์ž์— ๋น ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
This is my global public debt clock,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ณต๊ณต ๋ถ€์ฑ„ ์‹œ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
and, as you can see, it's 32 trillion and counting.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋“ฏ์ด, ๊ณต๊ณต ๋ถ€์ฑ„๋Š” 32์กฐ ๊ฐ€๋Ÿ‰ ๋˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์† ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
And I think what this leads to
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ํ†ตํ•ด
01:25
is a very simple recognition,
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์Œ์„ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
that there's one question in politics at the moment above all other,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ทธ ๋ฌด์—‡๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ ,
01:31
and it's this one: How do we make things better without spending more money?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ๋” ์“ฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ ๋„ ์‚ด๋ฆผ์‚ด์ด๋ฅผ ๋” ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ• ๊นŒ?
01:36
Because there isn't going to be a lot of money to improve public services,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ณต๊ณต ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋‚˜ ์ •๋ถ€ ํ˜น์€ ๊ทธ ์™ธ์— ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์ด ๋– ๋“ค์–ด๋Œ€๋Š” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„
01:40
or to improve government, or to improve so many of the things
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๋” ๋‚˜์•„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์ด
01:43
that politicians talk about.
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์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
01:45
So what follows from that is that if you think it's all about money --
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „๋ถ€ ๋ˆ ๋ฟ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
01:51
you can only measure success in public services
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ณต๊ณต ์„œ๋น„์Šค, ์˜๋ฃŒ ๋ณดํ—˜, ๊ต์œก, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์น˜์•ˆ์œ ์ง€์—
01:54
in health care and education and policing by spending more money,
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๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์ง‘ํ–‰ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ์„ฑ๊ณต ์—ฌ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ํŒ๋‹จํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
you can only measure progress by spending money --
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์˜ค์ง ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ง‘ํ–‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ๋งŒ ์ง„ํ–‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
02:01
you're going to have a pretty miserable time.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ชน์‹œ ๋น„์ฐธํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
But if you think a whole lot of other things matter that lead up to well being --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ˆ ๋ง๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
02:08
things like your family relationships, friendship, community, values --
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๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์šฐ์ •, ์ง€์—ญ์‚ฌํšŒ, ๊ฐ€์น˜๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์„ ํ–‰๋ณต์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:11
then, actually, this is an incredibly exciting time to be in politics.
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์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์ •์น˜๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ์— ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ ํž˜๋“ค ์ •๋„๋กœ ํฅ๋ฏธ์ง„์ง„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
And the really simple argument I want to make tonight,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋ฐค ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ •๋ง ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•˜๊ณ 
02:18
the really straightforward argument is this:
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์ •๋ง ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
That if we combine the right political philosophy, the right political thinking,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ •์น˜ ์ฒ ํ•™, ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ •์น˜์  ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋ฅผ
02:26
with the incredible information revolution that has taken place,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋†€๋ผ์šด ์ •๋ณด ํ˜๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:30
and that all of you know so much more about than I do,
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(์‚ฌ์‹ค ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ €๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์ด ์•Œ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ์ฃ )
02:34
I think there's an incredible opportunity to actually remake politics,
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์ •์น˜์™€ ์ •๋ถ€, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ณต์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ• 
02:38
remake government, remake public services,
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
and achieve what's up on that slide, which is a big increase in our well-being.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ € ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ์— ์žˆ๋Š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต์— ํฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
That's the argument I want to make tonight.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๋ฐค์— ๋ง์”€ ๋“œ๋ฆด ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
So, starting with the political philosophy.
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์ •์น˜ ์ฒ ํ•™๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
02:52
Now I'm not saying for a minute that British Conservatives have all the answers.
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์ž, ์ €๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ ๋ณด์ˆ˜๋‹น์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‹ต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
Of course we don't.
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๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์ฃ .
02:57
But there are two things at heart that I think drive a conservative philosophy
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์šฐ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
that are really relevant to this whole debate.
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์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋…ผ์˜์— ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์–ด์šธ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ณด์ˆ˜์  ์ฒ ํ•™์ด์ฃ .
03:04
The first is this: We believe that if you give people
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”, ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ 
03:06
more power and control over their lives,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์‚ถ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:09
if you give people more choice,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์„ ํƒ๊ถŒ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ,
03:11
if you put them in the driving seat,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์šด์ „์„์— ์•‰ํ˜€ (์ฃผ๋„ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด),
03:13
then actually, you can create a stronger and better society.
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
And if you marry this fact with the incredible abundance
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ด ์ฒ ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ 
03:20
of information that we have in our world today,
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์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ ‘๋ชฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:22
I think you can completely, as I've said,
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ,
03:24
remake politics, remake government, remake your public services.
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์ •์น˜, ์ •๋ถ€, ๊ณต๊ณต ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐœ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:29
The second thing we believe is we believe in going with the grain of human nature.
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”, ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
Politics and politicians will only succeed
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์ •์น˜์™€ ์ •์น˜์ธ๋“ค์€
03:36
if they actually try and treat with people as they are,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๋Œ€ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ณด๋‹ค,
03:41
rather than as they would like them to be.
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์˜ค์ง ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋Œ€ํ•  ๋•Œ๋งŒ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:44
Now, if you combine this very simple, very conservative thought --
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์ž, ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ณด์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ธ
03:47
go with the grain of human nature --
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"์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ" ๋ฅผ
03:49
with all the advances in behavioral economics,
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์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ ๋“ค์œผ์‹  ํ–‰๋™๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์˜ ๋ฐœ์ „๊ณผ
03:52
some of which we were just hearing about,
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์ ‘๋ชฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:54
again, I think we can achieve a real increase in well-being,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„์ • ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•˜๊ณ 
03:57
in happiness, in a stronger society
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๋” ๊ฐ•๊ฑดํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
without necessarily having to spend a whole lot more money.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์ด ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
04:04
Now, why do I think now is the moment to make this argument?
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์ž, ์™œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ง€๊ธˆ์ด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ ๋‹นํ•œ ์‹œ๊ธฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
04:08
Well, I'm afraid you're going to suffer a short, condensed history lesson
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์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์—ญ์‚ฌ์˜ ์„ธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ, ์••์ถ•๋œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์—…์„
04:12
about what I would say are the three passages of history:
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ํ•ด๋“œ๋ ค์•ผ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ ๊ดด๋กญ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์กฐ๊ธˆ๋งŒ ์ฐธ์•„์ฃผ์„ธ์š”.
04:15
the pre-bureaucratic age, the bureaucratic age
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๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ๋Œ€, ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€
04:19
and what we now live in, which I think is a post-bureaucratic age.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์ดํ›„์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:22
A simpler way of thinking of it
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
is that we have gone from a world of local control,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ ์ง‘๊ถŒ์˜ ์„ธ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ,
04:28
then we went to a world of central control,
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์ค‘์•™ ์ง‘๊ถŒ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ง€๋‚˜,
04:31
and now we're in a world of people control.
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ํ˜„์žฌ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ค‘ ์ง‘๊ถŒ ์‹œ๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€ ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:33
Local power, central power, now, people power.
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์ง€์—ญ์ง‘๊ถŒ, ์ค‘์•™์ง‘๊ถŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ธˆ์˜ ๋ฏผ์ค‘์ง‘๊ถŒ.
04:36
Now, here is King Cnut, king a thousand years ago.
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์ž, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ฒœ ๋…„ ์ „์— ์‚ฌ์…จ๋˜ ํ•œ ๋ฉ‹์Ÿ์ด ์™•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
Thought he could turn back the waves; couldn't turn back the waves.
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์ž์‹ ์ด ๋ชฐ๋ ค์˜ค๋Š” ํŒŒ๋„๋ฅผ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์ด์˜€์ฃ .
04:43
Couldn't actually turn back very much,
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์ •๋ง๋กœ ํŒŒ๋„๋ฅผ ๋˜๋Œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ๋Š” ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:45
because if you were king a thousand years ago,
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ฒœ ๋…„ ์ „์˜ ์™•์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
04:47
while it still took hours and hours and weeks and weeks to traverse your own country,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ํšก๋‹จํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋“œ๋Š”๋ฐ ๋น„ํ•ด์„œ,
04:52
there wasn't much you were in charge of.
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์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ณ„๋กœ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
You weren't in charge of policing, justice, education, health, welfare.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์น˜์•ˆ, ์‚ฌ๋ฒ•, ๊ต์œก, ์˜๋ฃŒ, ๋ณต์ง€ ๊ทธ ์–ด๋Š ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
You could just about go to war and that was about it.
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ „์Ÿ์„ ํ•˜๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์ „๋ถ€์˜€์ฃ .
05:01
This was the pre-bureaucratic age,
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์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:03
an age in which everything had to be local.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์— ๊ตญํ•œ๋  ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ์‹œ๋Œ€์ฃ .
05:07
You had to have local control because there was no nationally-available information
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์ด๋™์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด์–ด์„œ ๋‚˜๋ผ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
05:12
because travel was so restricted.
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์ง€์—ญ์ ์ธ ํ†ต์น˜๋ฐ–์—๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:14
So this was the pre-bureaucratic age.
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์ด ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์ด์ „ ์‹œ๋Œ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:16
Next part of the cold history lesson,
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์—‰ํ„ฐ๋ฆฌ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ˆ˜์—…์˜ ๋‹ค์Œ ์žฅ์€
05:18
the lovely picture of the British Industrial Revolution.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ์˜๊ตญ ์‚ฐ์—… ํ˜๋ช…์˜ ์ƒค๋ฐฉ์ƒค๋ฐฉํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:21
Suddenly, all sorts of transport, travel information were possible,
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ˆ˜์†ก, ์ด๋™, ์ •๋ณด ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:25
and this gave birth to, what I like to call, the bureaucratic age.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋“ค์ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ•˜๋Š” ๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ํƒ„์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์ฃ .
05:29
And hopefully this slide is going to morph beautifully. There we are.
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์ด ์Šฌ๋ผ์ด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉด ์ข‹๊ฒ ๊ตฐ์š”. ์ž, ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
Suddenly, you have the big, strong, central state.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ, ํฌ๊ณ , ๊ฐ•ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ง‘๊ฒฐ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:36
It was able -- but only it was able -- to organize
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์˜๋ฃŒ๋ณดํ—˜, ๊ต์œก, ์น˜์•ˆ, ์‚ฌ๋ฒ• ์ฒด์ œ๋ฅผ ์ฒด๊ณ„ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
health care, education, policing, justice.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹จ์ง€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
05:43
And it was a world of, as I say, not local power, but now central power.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ง€์—ญ ์ง‘๊ถŒ๋„ ์ค‘์•™ ์ง‘๊ถŒ๋„ ์•„๋‹Œ ์‹œ๋Œ€๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:48
It had sucked all that power up from the localities.
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์ด ์‹œ๋Œ€๋Š” ์ง€์—ญ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๋นจ์•„๋“ค์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:51
It was able to do that itself.
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์ค‘์•™ ์ง‘๊ถŒ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
05:54
The next great stage, which all of you are so familiar with:
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๋‹ค์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์‹ค ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋Š”, ์ด๋ฏธ ๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ์ต์ˆ™ํ•ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ์‹œ๊ฒ ์ง€๋งŒ,
05:57
the massive information revolution.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด์˜ ํ˜๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
Just consider this one fact:
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๋‹จ์ง€ ์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค ํ•˜๋‚˜๋งŒ ๊ณฑ์”น์–ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:03
One hundred years ago, sending these 10 words cost 50 dollars.
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100๋…„ ์ „์—๋Š”, ์ด 10๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์–ด๋ฅผ ์ „์†กํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ $50 ๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
Right now, here we are linked up to Long Beach and everywhere else,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ์€, ๋‹ค๋“ค ์—ฌ๊ธฐ Long Beach ๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก ์ด๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ๊ณผ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๋น„๋ฐ€ ์žฅ์†Œ์—๋„ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:10
and all these secret locations for a fraction of that cost,
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$50 ์™€๋Š” ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๋งŒํผ ์ ์€ ๋น„์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:13
and we can send and receive huge quantities of information
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์—„์ฒญํ•œ ์–‘์˜ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋‚ด๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
without it costing anything.
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๋‹จ ํ•œ ํ‘ผ๋„ ๋“ค์ด์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:19
So we're now living in a post-bureaucratic age,
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์ž ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์ค‘ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
06:24
where genuine people power is possible.
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๊ด€๋ฃŒ์ฃผ์˜ ์ดํ›„ ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:28
Now, what does this mean for our politics,
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์ž, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ •์น˜์— ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ๋กœ ๋‹ค๊ฐ€์˜ฌ๊นŒ์š”?
06:31
for our public services, for our government?
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์ •์น˜ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ๊ณต๊ณต ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋‚˜ ์ •๋ถ€์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์˜๋ฏธ์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
06:34
Well I can't, in the time I've got, give huge numbers of examples,
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์ €์—๊ฒŒ ํ• ๋‹น๋œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋‚ด์— ๊ทธ ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ธด ํž˜๋“ค ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:38
but let me just give a few of the ways that life can change.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ถ์ด ๋ฐ”๋€” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๋„๋ก ํ•˜์ฃ .
06:43
And this is so obvious, in a way, because
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์ด๊ฑด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ป”ํ•œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:45
you think about how all of you have changed
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์‡ผํ•‘ํ•˜๊ณ , ์—ฌํ–‰ํ•˜๊ณ , ์‚ฌ์—…์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์‹์—
06:47
the way we shop, the way we travel, the way that business is done.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
06:51
That is already happened; the information and Internet revolution
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:54
has actually gone all the way through our societies in so many different ways,
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์ •๋ณด์™€ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ํ˜๋ช…์ด ์ •๋ง ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌํšŒ์— ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ํŒŒ๊ณ ๋“ค์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:58
but it hasn't, in every way, yet touched our government.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณณ์— ํŒŒ๊ณ ๋“ค์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ฃ . ์•„์ง ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ฑด๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋„ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:01
So, how could this happen?
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ง„ํ–‰๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
07:03
Well, I think there are three chief ways that it should make an enormous difference:
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š” ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ์„ ํƒ์„ฑ, ์ฑ…์ž„์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๋ฏผ์ค‘ ์ง‘๊ถŒ์„ ์ด๋ฃจ๋Š”๋ฐ
07:07
in transparency, in greater choice and in accountability,
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
07:11
in giving us that genuine people power.
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์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
If we take transparency, here is one of my favorite websites,
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ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ์ผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ
07:19
the Missouri Accountability Portal.
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Surrey Accountability Portal ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
In the old days, only the government could hold the information,
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์˜›๋‚ ์—๋Š” ์˜ค์ง ์ •๋ถ€ ๋งŒ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
and only a few elected people could try and grab that information
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ๋‹น์„ ๋œ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ •๋ณด์— ์ ‘๊ทผ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
07:29
and question it and challenge it.
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์˜๋ฌธ์„ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋˜ํ•œ ์ด์˜๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ธฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:31
Now here, on one website, one state in America,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ํ•œ ์ฃผ์—์„œ
07:35
every single dollar spent by that government
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์˜ˆ์‚ฐ์˜ ํ•œ ํ‘ผ ํ•œ ํ‘ผ์ด ์ •๋ถ€์— ์˜ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š”์ง€
07:39
is searchable, is analyzable, is checkable.
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๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๋˜๊ณ , ๋ถ„์„๋˜๊ณ , ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
Think of the huge change that means:
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์ด ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ชฐ๊ณ ์˜ฌ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
07:44
Any business that wants to bid for a government contract
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์ •๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์—…์— ์ž…์ฐฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ์—…์ฒด๋ผ๋„
07:47
can see what currently is being spent.
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์–ผ๋งˆ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์— ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
Anyone thinking, "I could do that service better, I could deliver it cheaper,"
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ผ๋„ ์ž์‹ ์ด ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋” ์ž˜, ๋” ์‹ธ๊ฒŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:52
it's all available there.
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์ด์ œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
We have only, in government and in politics,
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์ •๋ถ€์™€ ์ •์น˜๊ณ„์—์„ 
07:57
started to scratch the surface of what people are doing in the commercial world
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๋ฏผ๊ฐ„ ์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ •๋ณด ํ˜๋ช…์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด๋ฏธ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ๋“ค์„
08:01
with the information revolution.
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์ด์ œ ๊ฒจ์šฐ ๋ง›๋งŒ ๋ณด์•˜์„ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:03
So, complete transparency will make a huge difference.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์™„์ „ํ•œ ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ฌ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:06
In this country, if we win the election,
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ, ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ ๊ฑฐ์—์„œ ์Šน๋ฆฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:08
we are going to make all government spending over 25,000 pounds
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25,000 ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ถ€ ์ง€์ถœ์„
08:12
transparent and available online, searchable for anyone to see.
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ํˆฌ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์ƒ์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“  ์ฐพ์•„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:16
We're going to make every contract -- we're announcing this today --
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ์„ ์–ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:20
available on the Internet so anyone can see
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ณ„์•ฝ์„ ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์ƒ์— ๊ณต๊ฐœํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€
08:22
what the terms are, what the conditions are,
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๊ณ„์•ฝ ์•ฝ๊ด€์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณ„์•ฝ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ด ์–ด๋• ๋Š”์ง€ ์—ด๋žŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
driving huge value for money,
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์ด๋กœ์จ ๋ˆ์˜ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ด๋Œ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ ,
08:26
but also huge increases, I believe, in well-being as well.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฏฟ๊ธฐ๋ก , ์‚ด๋ฆผ์‚ด์ด์—๋„ ํฐ ๋ฐœ์ „์ด ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
Choice. Now you all shop online, compare online, do everything online,
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์„ ํƒ. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ ์‡ผํ•‘์„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์—์„œ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
and yet this revolution has hardly touched the surface
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ˜๋ช…์€ ์•„์ง๋„
08:40
of public services like education, or health care or policing,
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๊ต์œก, ๋ณด๊ฑด, ์น˜์•ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณต๊ณต ์„œ๋น„์Šค์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
and you're going to see this change massively.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹ค ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:47
We should be making this change
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ผญ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:49
with the information revolution in our country,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์ •๋ณด ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
08:51
with searchable health sites, so you can see what operations work out properly,
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๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ณด๊ฑด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•จ์œผ๋กœ์จ, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์–ด๋–ค ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์ด ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
what records doctors have, the cleanliness of hospitals,
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์˜์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ๋ก๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€, ๋ณ‘์›์˜ ์ฒญ๊ฒฐ๋„๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€,
08:59
who does best at infection control --
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ์—ผ ๊ด€๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ œ์ผ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€,
09:01
all of the information that would once be locked in the Department of Health
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๋ณด๊ฑด๊ตญ ๋‚ด์— ์ž ๊ฒจ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋“ค์ด
09:05
is now available for all of us to see.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:08
And the third of these big changes: accountability.
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์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ํฐ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š”, ์ฑ…์ž„์„ฑ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:12
This, I think, is a huge change.
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์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐ์— ์ด๊ฑด ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:14
It is a crime map. This is a crime map from Chicago.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹œ์นด๊ณ ์˜ ๋ฒ”์ฃ„ ์ง€๋„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
So, instead of having a situation where only the police have the information
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
09:21
about which crimes are committed where,
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์˜ค์ง ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ๋งŒ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋Œ€์‹ ์—,
09:24
and we have to employ people in government
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ •๋ถ€์— ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
09:27
to try and hold the police to account,
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๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€์šฐ๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ์—,
09:29
suddenly, we've got this vast opportunity for people power,
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ค‘ ์ง‘๊ถŒ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋งˆ์–ด๋งˆํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
where we, as citizens, can see what crimes are being committed --
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์‹œ๋ฏผ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๊ฐ€
09:35
where, when and by whom --
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์–ด๋””์—์„œ, ์–ธ์ œ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
and we can hold the police to account.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์— ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:39
And you can see this looks a bit like a chef's hat,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณด์‹œ ๋“ฏ, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ฃผ๋ฐฉ์žฅ ๋ชจ์ž์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
09:41
but actually that's an assault, the one in blue.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ํญํ–‰์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํŒŒ๋ž€์ƒ‰์œผ๋กœ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋œ ๊ณณ์ด์š”.
09:44
You can see what crime is committed where,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ฒ”์ฃ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์กŒ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:46
and you have the opportunity to hold your police force to account.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ณต๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์ด ์ฑ…์ž„์„ ์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:49
So those three ways -- transparency, accountability and choice --
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์ด ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•, ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ, ์ฑ…์ž„์„ฑ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ ํƒ์ด
09:55
will make a huge difference.
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์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
Now I also said the other principle
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์›์น™์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋” ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ ธ์ฃ .
09:59
that I think we should work on is understanding of people,
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ์„ ์ธ์ •ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์š”.
10:01
is recognizing that going with the grain of human nature
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์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
you can achieve so much more.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฐ ์„ฑ์ทจ๋ฅผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:07
Now, we're got a huge revolution in understanding
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์ž, ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ง€๊ธˆ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด '์™œ ํ•˜๋˜ ๋ฐฉ์‹๋Œ€๋กœ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€'
10:09
of why people behave in the way that they do,
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์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ํฐ ํ˜๋ช…์„ ์ด๋ค„ ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:12
and a great opportunity to put that knowledge and information to greater use.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ดํ•ด์™€ ์ •๋ณด๊ฐ€ ๋” ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์“ฐ์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:17
We're working with some of these people.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:19
We're being advised by some of these people, as was said,
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋งํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ์“ฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
10:22
to try and bring all the experience to book.
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์ด ๋ถ„๋“ค๋กœ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ์–ป๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:26
Let me just give you one example that I think is incredibly simple, and I love.
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋ฅผ ๋ง์”€๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:30
We want to get people to be more energy efficient.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ๋” ์ ˆ์•ฝํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
Why? It cuts fuel poverty, it cuts their bills,
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์™œ๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”? ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ๋ถ€์กฑ์„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ , ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฒญ๊ตฌ์„œ๋„ ์ค„์ด๊ณ ,
10:36
and it cuts carbon emissions at the same time.
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๋™์‹œ์— ํƒ„์†Œ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ์—ญ์‹œ ์ค„์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:38
How do you do it?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”?
10:40
Well, we've had government information campaigns over the years
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์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์บ ํŽ˜์ธ์„ ํŽผ์ณค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:42
when they tell you to switch off the lights when you leave the home.
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์™ธ์ถœํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ „๋“ฑ์„ ๋„๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ๋•Œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
10:45
We even had -- one government minister once told us to
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ•œ ์žฅ๊ด€์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ .
10:48
brush our teeth in the dark.
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"๋ถˆ ๋„๊ณ  ์ด๋นจ ๋‹ฆ์œผ์„ธ์š”."
10:50
I don't think they lasted very long.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ณ„๋กœ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:52
Look at what this does. This is a simple piece of behavioral economics.
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์ด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ์–ด๋–ค์ง€ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๋ณด์‹œ์ฃ . ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ํ–‰๋™๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์˜ ๋‹จํŽธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
The best way to get someone to cut their electricity bill
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์š”๊ธˆ์„ ์ค„์ด๋Š” ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
10:59
is to show them their own spending,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
to show them what their neighbors are spending,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ผ๋งŒํผ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:04
and then show what an energy conscious neighbor is spending.
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ, ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ ˆ์•ฝ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์›ƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:07
That sort of behavioral economics
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ํ–‰๋™๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์€
11:10
can transform people's behavior
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:12
in a way that all the bullying and all the information
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์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ท€์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‹ฅ๋‹ฌํ•ด๋„
11:15
and all the badgering from a government cannot possibly achieve.
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์ด๋ฃฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์กฐ์ฐจ ์—†๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ณ€ํ™” ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:19
Other examples are recycling.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋ก€๋Š” ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
We all know we need to recycle more.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
How do we make it happen?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค๊นŒ์š”?
11:25
All the proof from America is that actually, if you pay people to recycle,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ฆ๋ช…๋  ๊ฒƒ ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์žฌํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋ˆ์„ ์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:29
if you give them a carrot rather than a stick,
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๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ๋…๋ ค๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
11:31
you can transform their behavior.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ํ–‰๋™์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
So what does all this add up to?
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์ž, ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ด ๋ญ๋ƒ๊ตฌ์š”?
11:36
Here are my two favorite U.S. speeches of the last 50 years.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” 50์—ฌ๋…„ ์ „์˜ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์—ฐ์„ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:44
Obviously, here we have JFK with that incredibly simple
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๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋ป”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, JFK ์˜ ๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ๊ฐ„๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ณ ๋„ ๊ฐ•๋ ฅํ•œ ์–ด๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
11:48
and powerful formulation,
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์ข€ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:50
"Ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country,"
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"๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ฌป์ง€ ๋ง๊ณ , ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค."
11:55
an incredibly noble sentiment.
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๋†€๋ž๋„๋ก ์ˆญ๊ณ ํ•œ ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:57
But when he made that speech, what could you do
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฐ€ ์ € ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
12:00
to build the stronger, better society?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋” ๊ฐ•๊ฑดํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?
12:02
You could fight for your country, you could die for your country,
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๋ชจ๊ตญ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ์‹ธ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ , ๋ชจ๊ตญ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ๋ฐ”์น  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ ,
12:05
you could serve in your country's civil service,
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๋ชจ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์œผ๋กœ์„œ ํ—Œ์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
12:07
but you didn't really have the information and the knowledge
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒํผ ๋งŽ์€ ์ •๋ณด์™€ ์ง€์‹
12:11
and the ability to help build the stronger society in the way that you do now.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋” ๊ฐ•๊ฑดํ•œ ์‚ฌํšŒ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:16
And I think an even more wonderful speech,
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์ž, ๋” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ด ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ฃ .
12:19
which I'm going to read a big chunk of,
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์ง€๊ธˆ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํฐ ๋ถ„๋Ÿ‰์˜ ์—ฐ์„ค์„ ์ฝ์–ด๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:23
which sums up what I said at the beginning
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์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋˜, ๋ˆ์ด ์ „๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š”
12:25
about believing there is more to life than money,
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๋ฏฟ์Œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์„ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฐ์„ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
and more that we should try and measure than money.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ˆ ์ด์™ธ์— ๋” ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์ธก์ •ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:31
And it is Robert Kennedy's beautiful description
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์ด ์—ฐ์„ค์€ '์™œ GNP ๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ณ„ ๊ฐํฅ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€'์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
12:33
of why gross national product captures so little:
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๋กœ๋ฒ„ํŠธ ์ผ€๋„ค๋””์˜ ๋งคํ˜น์ ์ธ ์„ค๋ช…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:36
It "does not allow for the health of our children,
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"(GNP๋Š”) ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•, ๊ต์œก์˜ ์งˆ,
12:39
the quality of their education, or the joy of their play.
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ํ˜น์€ ์ฆ๊ฒ๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ์•„๋ฌด ์ƒ๊ด€์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:42
It does not include the beauty of our poetry or the strength of our marriages,
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์‹œ์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์›€์ด๋‚˜ ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ์˜ ์žฅ์ , ํ˜น์€ ๊ณต๊ฐœํ† ๋ก ์˜ ์ง€์„ฑ์„
12:46
the intelligence of our public debate.
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๋‚ดํฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:48
It measures neither our wit nor our courage,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ„ํŠธ๋‚˜ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š๊ณ ,
12:51
neither our wisdom nor our learning,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ง€ํ˜œ๋‚˜ ํ•™์Šต์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:53
neither our compassion nor our devotion to our country.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์—ด์ •์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ—Œ์‹  ์—ญ์‹œ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:56
It measures everything, in short,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ,
12:58
except that which makes life worthwhile."
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์ธ์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ€์น˜์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ธก์ •ํ•  ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
13:01
Again, a sentiment that was so noble and beautifully put 40 years ago,
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40๋…„์ „์— ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๊ณ ๊ท€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ต๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ๊ธด ๊ฐ์„ฑ๊ณผ
13:06
and a beautiful dream 40 years ago,
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์ด 40๋…„ ์ „์˜ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฟˆ์„,
13:09
but now with the huge advances in information technology,
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์ •๋ณด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:13
with the massive changes in behavioral economics,
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ํ–‰๋™๊ฒฝ์ œํ•™์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜๊ณ ,
13:16
with all that we know about how you advance well-being,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋” ํ–‰๋ณตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ,
13:20
that if we combine those insights
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏผ์ค‘์—๊ฒŒ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๋„˜๊ฒจ์ฃผ๊ณ ,
13:22
of giving power to people, and using information to make that possible,
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์ •๋ณด๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๊ทธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ๋”ํ•œ ๋‹ค์Œ,
13:26
and using the insight of going with the grain of human nature,
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์ธ๊ฐ„ ๋ณธ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏฟ์Œ๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์—,
13:30
while at the same time, understanding why people behave in the way they do,
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์™œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ง€๊ธˆ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ํ–‰๋™ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ์„ ์ž˜ ํ™œ์šฉํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
13:34
it is a dream more easy to realize today
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๊ทธ ๊ฟˆ์€ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ํ˜„์‹ค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ๊ธฐ์— ๋” ์‰ฌ์šด ๊ฟˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:38
than it was when it was made in that beautiful speech 40 years ago.
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40๋…„์ „์˜ ๊ทธ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์—ฐ์„ค์ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์„ ๋•Œ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋ง์ด์ง€์š”.
13:42
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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