Clay Shirky: How cellphones, Twitter, Facebook can make history

152,395 views ・ 2009-06-16

TED


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Traducător: Codrut Precup Corector: Maria Tancu
00:16
I want to talk about the transformed media landscape,
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Vreau sa va vorbesc depre peisajul mediatic schimbat
00:20
and what it means for anybody who has a message that they want to get out
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si ce inseamna asta pentru oricine are un mesaj si vrea sa-l transmita
00:24
to anywhere in the world.
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oriunde in lume.
00:26
And I want to illustrate that by telling a couple of stories
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Si vreau sa va arat asta spunandu-va cateva istorioare
00:28
about that transformation.
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despre aceasta transformare.
00:30
I'll start here. Last November there was a presidential election.
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O sa incep aici. In Noiembrie trecut au fost alegeri prezidentiale.
00:33
You probably read something about it in the papers.
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Probabil ati citit cate ceva prin ziare.
00:36
And there was some concern that in some parts of the country
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Au fost si cateva ingrijorari prin tara
00:39
there might be voter suppression.
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ca ar putea fi o reprimare a votantilor.
00:41
And so a plan came up to video the vote.
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Asa a aparut un plan de a filma votul.
00:43
And the idea was that individual citizens
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Si idea era ca cetatenii
00:46
with phones capable of taking photos or making video
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cu telefoane capabile sa faca fotografii sau sa filmeze
00:49
would document their polling places,
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sa documenteze ce se intampla in sectiile lor de votare
00:51
on the lookout for any kind of voter suppression techniques,
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cu atentie catre orice fel de tehnica de suprimare a votantilor.
00:54
and would upload this to a central place.
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Apoi vor incarca totul intr-un singur loc.
00:56
And that this would operate as a kind of citizen observation --
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Iar acesta va functiona ca un fel de observator civic.
01:00
that citizens would not be there just to cast individual votes,
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Asa ca cetatenii nu doar isi vor exprima votul individual,
01:04
but also to help ensure the sanctity of the vote overall.
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dar vor asigura si sanctitatea votului general.
01:08
So this is a pattern that assumes we're all in this together.
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Deci avem un tipar care presupune ca suntem cu totii implicati in chestia asta.
01:12
What matters here
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Ce conteaza aici
01:14
isn't technical capital,
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nu este capitalul tehnic.
01:16
it's social capital.
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Ci capitalul social.
01:18
These tools don't get socially interesting
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Mecanismele acestea nu devin interesante din punct de vedere social
01:21
until they get technologically boring.
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pana cand nu devin plictisitoare din punct de vedere tehnologic.
01:24
It isn't when the shiny new tools show up
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Cand apar mecanisme noi si stralucitoare
01:28
that their uses start permeating society.
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ele nu incep sa fie utilizate imediat in societate.
01:30
It's when everybody is able to take them for granted.
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Este despre atunci cand oricine le ia drept garantate.
01:34
Because now that media is increasingly social,
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Pentru ca acum, aceasta media este in crestere din punct de vedere social,
01:37
innovation can happen anywhere
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inovatia se poate intampla oriunde
01:40
that people can take for granted the idea that we're all in this together.
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acesti oameni au inteles ca suntem toti in aceeasi situatie.
01:44
And so we're starting to see a media landscape
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Si asa incepem sa vedem un peisaj mediatic
01:47
in which innovation is happening everywhere,
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in care inovatia se intampla peste tot.
01:50
and moving from one spot to another.
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Si miscandu-se de la un punct la altul.
01:52
That is a huge transformation.
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E o transformare imensa.
01:56
Not to put too fine a point on it, the moment we're living through --
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Nu vreau sa sublinez mai mult , dar momentul pe care-l traim
01:59
the moment our historical generation is living through --
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momentul istoric pe care generatia noastra il traieste
02:02
is the largest increase in expressive capability
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are cea mai mare crestere in capacitatea de expresie
02:06
in human history.
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din istoria umana.
02:08
Now that's a big claim. I'm going to try to back it up.
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Asta e o afirmatie importanta. O sa incerc sa o sustin cu dovezi.
02:10
There are only four periods in the last 500 years
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Sunt doar patru perioade in ultimii 500 ani
02:14
where media has changed enough to qualify for the label "revolution."
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cand media a schimbat destul de mult ca sa se califice pentru etichetarea de "revolutie".
02:17
The first one is the famous one, the printing press:
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Prima, cea mai faimoasa a fost masina de tiparit.
02:20
movable type, oil-based inks, that whole complex of innovations
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Litere independente, cerneluri pe baza de ulei, tot complexul de inovatii
02:23
that made printing possible
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care au facut tiparul posibil
02:25
and turned Europe upside-down, starting in the middle of the 1400s.
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si a intors Europa de sus in jos, incepand cu mijlocul anilor 1400.
02:28
Then, a couple of hundred years ago,
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Apoi cu cateva sute de ani in urma
02:30
there was innovation in two-way communication,
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a fost inovatia in comunicarea bidirectionala.
02:32
conversational media: first the telegraph, then the telephone.
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Media conversationala, intai telegraful, apoi telefonul.
02:35
Slow, text-based conversations,
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Incet, conversatii scrise,
02:38
then real-time voice based conversations.
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apoi conversatii voce in timp real.
02:40
Then, about 150 years ago,
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Apoi, acum 150 ani
02:42
there was a revolution in recorded media other than print:
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a fost o revolutie in alte forme de inregistrare decat tiparul.
02:45
first photos, then recorded sound,
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Intai fotografia, apoi sunetul inregistrat,
02:48
then movies, all encoded onto physical objects.
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apoi filmele, toate codate pe suport fizic.
02:51
And finally, about 100 years ago, the harnessing of electromagnetic spectrum
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Si in fine, acum aproape 100 de ani, utilizarea spectrului electromagnetic
02:54
to send sound and images through the air -- radio and television.
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ca sa trimitem sunet si imagine prin aer, radioul si televiziunea.
02:58
This is the media landscape as we knew it in the 20th century.
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Acesta este peisajul mediatic pe care il cunoastem in secolul 20.
03:02
This is what those of us of a certain age
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Asta este cu ce o parte din noi
03:05
grew up with, and are used to.
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ua crescut si s-au obisnuit.
03:08
But there is a curious asymmetry here.
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Dar aici este o asimetrie curioasa.
03:10
The media that is good at creating conversations
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Media care este buna in a crea conversatii
03:13
is no good at creating groups.
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nu e buna in a crea grupuri.
03:15
And the media that's good at creating groups
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Si cea care e buna in a crea grupuri
03:17
is no good at creating conversations.
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nu e buna in a crea conversatii.
03:19
If you want to have a conversation
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Daca vrei sa ai o conversatie
03:21
in this world, you have it with one other person.
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in lumea asta, trebuie sa o ai cu doar o alta persoana.
03:23
If you want to address a group, you get the same message
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Daca vrei sa te adresezi unui grup, iei acelasi mesaj
03:26
and you give it to everybody in the group,
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si il dai tuturor din grup.
03:28
whether you're doing that with a broadcasting tower or a printing press.
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Indiferent cum o faci, dintr-un turn de transmisiuni sau prin presa tiparita.
03:32
That was the media landscape
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Asta era peisajul mediatic
03:34
as we had it in the twentieth century.
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asa cum l-am avut in sec 20.
03:36
And this is what changed.
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Si asta este ce s-a schimbat.
03:38
This thing that looks like a peacock hit a windscreen
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Si chestia asta care arata ca un paun care s-a lovit de un ecran
03:40
is Bill Cheswick's map of the Internet.
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este harta internetului a lui Bill Cheswick's
03:42
He traces the edges of the individual networks
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El traseaza marginile retelelor individuale
03:44
and then color codes them.
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si le codeaza in culori.
03:46
The Internet is the first medium in history
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Internetul este primul mediu din istorie
03:48
that has native support for groups
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care are un suport nativ pentru grupuri
03:50
and conversation at the same time.
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si conversatii in acelasi timp.
03:53
Whereas the phone gave us the one-to-one pattern,
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Acolo unde telefonul ne-a dat tiparul "de la unu la unu"
03:56
and television, radio, magazines, books,
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si televiziunea, radioul, revistele, cartile
03:58
gave us the one-to-many pattern,
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ne-au dat tiparul "de la unu la mai multi".
04:00
the Internet gives us the many-to-many pattern.
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Internetul ne da tiparul " de la multi la multi".
04:02
For the first time,
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Pentru prima oara
04:04
media is natively good at supporting these kinds of conversations.
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media este buna de la inceput sa sprijine conversatiile de tipul acesta.
04:08
That's one of the big changes.
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Aste este una dintre marile schimbari.
04:11
The second big change
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A doua mare schimbare
04:13
is that, as all media gets digitized,
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este ca toata media se digitalizeaza,
04:15
the Internet also becomes the mode of carriage
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internetul devine un mod de transport
04:18
for all other media,
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pentru toata cealalta media.
04:20
meaning that phone calls migrate to the Internet,
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Insemnand ca telefonia migreaza pe internet.
04:22
magazines migrate to the Internet, movies migrate to the Internet.
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Revistele la fel. Filmele se muta pe internet.
04:25
And that means that every medium
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Asta inseamna ca fiecare medium
04:27
is right next door to every other medium.
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este in imediata apropiere a oricarui altui mediu.
04:32
Put another way,
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Sa zicem altfel,
04:35
media is increasingly less just a source of information,
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media este din ce in ce mai putin doar o sursa de informatii
04:38
and it is increasingly more a site of coordination,
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si este din ce in ce mai mult un loc de coordonare.
04:41
because groups that see or hear or watch or listen to something
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Pentru ca grupurile care vad, aud, observa sau asculta ceva
04:44
can now gather around and talk to each other as well.
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se pot aduna si si vorbi unii cu altii in acelasi fel.
04:48
And the third big change
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Si a treia mare schimbare
04:51
is that members of the former audience, as Dan Gilmore calls them,
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este ca membrii care formeaza audienta, asa cum Dan Gilmore ii numeste,
04:53
can now also be producers and not consumers.
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pot deveni producatori nu doar consumatori.
04:57
Every time a new consumer
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De cate ori un consumator nou
04:59
joins this media landscape
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se alatura peisajului mediatic
05:01
a new producer joins as well,
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un nou producator se alatura de asemenea.
05:03
because the same equipment --
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Pentru ca acelasi echipament,
05:05
phones, computers --
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telefon, computer,
05:07
let you consume and produce.
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te lasa sa consumi si sa si produci.
05:09
It's as if, when you bought a book, they threw in the printing press for free;
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E ca si cum, atunci cand cumperi o carte, primesti si o tiparnita gratis.
05:12
it's like you had a phone that could turn into a radio
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Sau ca si cum telefonul tau se transforma in radio
05:14
if you pressed the right buttons.
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cand apesi butoanele care trebuie.
05:16
That is a huge change
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Este o schimbare imensa
05:19
in the media landscape we're used to.
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in peisajul mediatic cu care eram obisnuiti.
05:21
And it's not just Internet or no Internet.
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Si nu este doar internet, sau fara internet deloc.
05:24
We've had the Internet in its public form
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Am avut internet, in forma sa publica
05:26
for almost 20 years now,
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de aproape 20 ani.
05:28
and it's still changing
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Si inca se transforma
05:30
as the media becomes more social.
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asa cum media devine mai sociala.
05:32
It's still changing patterns
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Inca isi schimba tiparele
05:34
even among groups who know how to deal with the Internet well.
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chiar printre grupurile care stiu sa foloseasca internetul bine.
05:37
Second story.
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A doua poveste,
05:39
Last May, China in the Sichuan province
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in luna mai trecuta, in China, provincia Sichuan
05:41
had a terrible earthquake, 7.9 magnitude,
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a avut loc un teribil cutremur de 7.9 grade magnitudine
05:44
massive destruction in a wide area, as the Richter Scale has it.
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distrugeri masive pe arii extinse, asa cum scala Richter spune.
05:48
And the earthquake was reported as it was happening.
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Cutremurul s-a "comunicat" in timp ce se producea.
05:54
People were texting from their phones. They were taking photos of buildings.
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Oamenii trimiteau SMS de pe telefoane, luau poze ale cladirilor.
05:57
They were taking videos of buildings shaking.
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Filmau cladirile tremurand.
06:00
They were uploading it to QQ, China's largest Internet service.
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Le-au incarcat in QQ, cel mai mare serviciu internet din China.
06:03
They were Twittering it.
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L-au transmis pe Twitter.
06:05
And so as the quake was happening
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Asa ca in timp ce se producea cutremurul
06:08
the news was reported.
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stirile erau transmise
06:10
And because of the social connections,
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Si din cauza conexiunilor sociale
06:12
Chinese students coming elsewhere, and going to school,
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Studentii chinezi de pe cine stie unde, sau mergand spre scoli
06:15
or businesses in the rest of the world opening offices in China --
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sau afaceri din restul lumii care deschideau birouri in China
06:19
there were people listening all over the world, hearing this news.
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Omenii de peste tot, ascultau stirile.
06:23
The BBC got their first wind of the Chinese quake from Twitter.
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BBC a aflat prima informatie despre cutremur de pe Twitter.
06:28
Twitter announced the existence of the quake
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Twitter a anuntat existenta cutremurului
06:31
several minutes before the US Geological Survey
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cateva minute inainte ca serviciul de monitorizare geologica din SUA
06:33
had anything up online for anybody to read.
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sa aibe ceva online ca lumea sa afle.
06:37
The last time China had a quake of that magnitude
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Ultima oara cand China a avut un cutremur de magnitudinea asta
06:40
it took them three months to admit that it had happened.
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i-a luat 3 luni sa admita ca s-a intamplat!
06:45
(Laughter)
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(rasete)
06:46
Now they might have liked to have done that here,
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Acum poate ca le-ar fi placut sa faca asta si aici,
06:48
rather than seeing these pictures go up online.
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decat sa vada imaginile online.
06:51
But they weren't given that choice,
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Dar nu au avut nici o sansa.
06:54
because their own citizens beat them to the punch.
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Pentru ca cetatenii lor i-au batut la eficienta.
06:57
Even the government learned of the earthquake from their own citizens,
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Chiar si guvernul a aflat de cutremur de la cetatenii ei
07:01
rather than from the Xinhua News Agency.
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decat de la agentia de presa Xinhua.
07:04
And this stuff rippled like wildfire.
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Si chestia asta s-a raspandit ca un foc salbatic.
07:06
For a while there
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Pentru o vreme
07:08
the top 10 most clicked links on Twitter,
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top 10 cele mai frecvente click-uri pe Twitter
07:10
the global short messaging service --
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serviciul global de mesaje scurte,
07:12
nine of the top 10 links were about the quake.
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noua dintre ele erau despre cutremur.
07:15
People collating information,
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Omenii legau informatiile,
07:17
pointing people to news sources,
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indreptand oamenii catre sursele de informatii,
07:19
pointing people to the US geological survey.
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indreaptand oamenii catre serviciul american de monitorizare geologica.
07:21
The 10th one was kittens on a treadmill, but that's the Internet for you.
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A zecea stire a fost despre pisoi pe roata, dar asta inseamna internetul..
07:25
(Laughter)
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(rasete)
07:26
But nine of the 10 in those first hours.
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Dar 9 din 10 in acele prime ore,
07:29
And within half a day donation sites were up,
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si in jumatate de zi, situri pentru donatii erau gata.
07:33
and donations were pouring in from all around the world.
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Si donatiile curgeau din toata lumea.
07:37
This was an incredible, coordinated global response.
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A fost un raspuns global, coordonat, incredibil.
07:41
And the Chinese then, in one of their periods of media openness,
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Si atunci chinezii, intr-una din perioadele lor de deschidere mediatica
07:43
decided that they were going to let it go,
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au decis ca e cazul sa-i dea drumul.
07:45
that they were going to let this citizen reporting fly.
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Ca e cazul sa-i lase pe cetatenii sai sa raporteze liber.
07:50
And then this happened.
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Si asta s-a intamplat.
07:52
People began to figure out, in the Sichuan Provence,
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Oamenii au inceput sa-si dea seama in provincia Sichuan,
07:54
that the reason so many school buildings had collapsed --
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ca motivul pentru care atatea scoli s-au prabusit,
07:57
because tragically the earthquake happened during a school day --
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pentru ca din pacate cutremurul a lovit in timpul unei zile de scoala,
08:01
the reason so many school buildings collapsed
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motivul pentru care scolile s-au prabusit
08:03
is that corrupt officials had taken bribes
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a fost ca oficiali corupti au luat mita
08:05
to allow those building to be built to less than code.
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si au permis ca acele cladiri sa fie construite sub standard.
08:09
And so they started, the citizen journalists started
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Asa ca ei, jurnalistii cetateni au inceput
08:12
reporting that as well. And there was an incredible picture.
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sa raporteze si asta. Si a fost o imagine incredibila.
08:15
You may have seen in on the front page of the New York Times.
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Poate ca ati vazut in prima pagina in ziarul New York Times
08:17
A local official literally prostrated himself in the street,
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un oficial local, pur si simplu s-a culcat in strada,
08:21
in front of these protesters,
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in fata acelor protestatari.
08:23
in order to get them to go away.
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In incercarea de a-i dispersa.
08:26
Essentially to say, "We will do anything to placate you,
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A zis in esenta " Vom face orice sa va inbunam,
08:28
just please stop protesting in public."
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doar nu mai protestati in public".
08:31
But these are people who have been radicalized,
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Dar acesti oameni sunt oameni care au fost deja radicalizati.
08:33
because, thanks to the one child policy,
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Pentru ca multumita politicii cu dreptul la un singur copil in familie,
08:35
they have lost everyone in their next generation.
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si-au pierdut o generatie intreaga.
08:38
Someone who has seen the death of a single child
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Cine a vazut moartea unui singur copil
08:40
now has nothing to lose.
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acum nu mai are nimic de pierdut.
08:42
And so the protest kept going.
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Asa ca protestele au continuat.
08:44
And finally the Chinese cracked down.
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Si in final, chinezii au cedat.
08:47
That was enough of citizen media.
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Fusese destula media cetateneasca.
08:50
And so they began to arrest the protesters.
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Asa ca au inceput sa aresteze protestatarii.
08:52
They began to shut down the media that the protests were happening on.
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Au inceput sa inchida media in care protestatarii se exprimau.
08:56
China is probably the most successful
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China este probabil cel mai de succes
09:00
manager of Internet censorship in the world,
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manager al cenzurii pe internet, in lume,
09:03
using something that is widely described as the Great Firewall of China.
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folosind ceea ce este descris ca marele firewall al Chinei.
09:07
And the Great Firewall of China
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Si Marele firewall al Chinei
09:09
is a set of observation points
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este un set de puncte de observatie
09:11
that assume that media is produced by professionals,
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care presupune ca media este produsa de profesionisti,
09:15
it mostly comes in from the outside world,
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ca vine din afara,
09:18
it comes in relatively sparse chunks,
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ca vine in bucati relativ disparate,
09:21
and it comes in relatively slowly.
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si relativ incet.
09:24
And because of those four characteristics
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Si din cauza acestor 4 caracteristici
09:26
they are able to filter it as it comes into the country.
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ei pot sa filtreze ce intra in tara.
09:30
But like the Maginot Line,
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Dar, ca linia Maginot
09:32
the great firewall of China was facing in the wrong direction
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marele firewall al Chinei era intr-o directie gresita
09:35
for this challenge,
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pentru incercarea asta.
09:37
because not one of those four things was true in this environment.
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Pentru ca niciunul din cele 4 lucruri nu era adevarat in acest mediu.
09:43
The media was produced locally. It was produced by amateurs.
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Media era produsa local. Era produsa de amatori.
09:45
It was produced quickly. And it was produced at such an incredible abundance
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Era produsa rapid. Si era produsa in asemenea abundenta
09:50
that there was no way to filter it as it appeared.
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incat nu ai cum sa filtrezi la ritmul in care apare.
09:54
And so now the Chinese government, who for a dozen years,
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Asa ca acum, guvernul chinez, care de douazeci de ani,
09:57
has quite successfully filtered the web,
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filtra cu succes internetul,
10:01
is now in the position of having to decide
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era acum in pozitia de a trebui sa decida
10:03
whether to allow or shut down entire services,
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fie sa permita sau sa inchida tot serviciul.
10:07
because the transformation to amateur media
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Pentru ca transformarea in media amatorilor
10:10
is so enormous that they can't deal with it any other way.
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era asa de mare, incat nu puteau sa o rezolve altfel.
10:14
And in fact that is happening this week.
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De fapt, asta s-a intamplat saptamana asta.
10:16
On the 20th anniversary of Tiananmen
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La a 20-a aniversare a evenimentului de la Tiananmen
10:18
they just, two days ago, announced
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acum 2 zile au anuntat
10:21
that they were simply shutting down access to Twitter,
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ca vor inchide pur si simplu accesul la Twitter.
10:24
because there was no way to filter it other than that.
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Pentru ca nu era nici o sansa sa filtreze, alta decat asta.
10:28
They had to turn the spigot entirely off.
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Asa ca a trebuit sa inchida cepul cu totul.
10:32
Now these changes don't just affect people who want to censor messages.
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Acum aceste schimbari nu afectau doar oamenii care vroiau sa cenzureze mesajele.
10:36
They also affect people who want to send messages,
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Afecta de asemenea si oamenii care vroiau sa trimita mesaje.
10:39
because this is really a transformation of the ecosystem as a whole,
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Pentru ca asta e chiar o transformare a ecosistemului cu totul
10:42
not just a particular strategy.
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Nu doar o strategie particulara.
10:44
The classic media problem, from the 20th century
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Asa ca problema clasica in media, din secolul 20
10:48
is, how does an organization have a message
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este cum sa aibe o organizatie un mesaj
10:50
that they want to get out
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pe care sa-l transmita
10:52
to a group of people distributed at the edges of a network.
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catre un grup de oameni aflati la marginile retelei.
10:54
And here is the twentieth century answer.
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Si aici a venit raspunsul secolului 20.
10:57
Bundle up the message. Send the same message to everybody.
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Strange mesajul. Trimite mesajul la toata lumea.
11:01
National message. Targeted individuals.
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Mesaj national. Targetat individual.
11:03
Relatively sparse number of producers.
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Un numar relativ mic de producatori.
11:05
Very expensive to do,
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Foarte costisitor de facut.
11:07
so there is not a lot of competition.
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Asa ca nu e deloc competitie.
11:09
This is how you reach people.
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Cam asa te poti imbogati.
11:11
All of that is over.
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Toate astea s-au sfarsit.
11:14
We are increasingly in a landscape where media is global,
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Suntem din ce in ce mai mult intr-un peisaj in care media este globala,
11:17
social, ubiquitous and cheap.
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sociala, prezenta peste tot si ieftina.
11:20
Now most organizations that are trying to send messages
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Acum cele mai multe organizatii care incearca sa trimita un mesaj
11:25
to the outside world, to the distributed collection of the audience,
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catre lumea larga, catre o colectie de audiente
11:29
are now used to this change.
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sunt obisnuite cu aceasta schimbare.
11:31
The audience can talk back.
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Audienta poate sa raspunda.
11:33
And that's a little freaky. But you can get used to it after a while, as people do.
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E putin inspaimantator. Dar te obisnuiesti dupa o vreme, asa cum se obisnuieste toata lumea.
11:38
But that's not the really crazy change that we're living in the middle of.
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Dar nu e chiar o schimbare nebuna in care traim.
11:42
The really crazy change is here:
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Nebunia este aici.
11:45
it's the fact that they are no longer disconnected from each other,
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Este faptul ca nu mai sunt deconectati unul de altul.
11:49
the fact that former consumers are now producers,
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Este faptul ca acum fostii consumatori sunt producatori.
11:52
the fact that the audience can talk directly to one another;
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Este faptul ca audienta poate sa vorbeasca una cu alta.
11:55
because there is a lot more amateurs than professionals,
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Pentru ca sunt mult mai multi amatori decat profesionisti.
11:58
and because the size of the network,
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si pentru ca marimea retelei
12:01
the complexity of the network is actually the square
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si complexitatea retelei este de fapt patratul
12:04
of the number of participants,
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numarului de participanti.
12:06
meaning that the network, when it grows large,
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Inseamna ca reteaua, cand creste,
12:08
grows very, very large.
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creste foarte foarte mult.
12:10
As recently at last decade,
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In ultima decada,
12:12
most of the media that was available for public consumption
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cea mai multa media era disponibila pentru consum public
12:15
was produced by professionals.
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produsa de profesionisti.
12:17
Those days are over, never to return.
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S-au cam dus zilele acelea si nu se vor mai intoarce niciodata.
12:21
It is the green lines now, that are the source of the free content,
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Acum e vremea liniilor verzi (libere), care sunt sursa continutului liber.
12:24
which brings me to my last story.
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O idee care ma duce la ultima mea poveste.
12:27
We saw some of the most imaginative use
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Am vazut cea mai imaginativa utilizare
12:29
of social media during the Obama campaign.
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a social media in timpul campaniei Obama.
12:32
And I don't mean most imaginative use in politics --
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Si nu ma gandesc la imaginatie in politica.
12:34
I mean most imaginative use ever.
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Vreau sa zic cea mai imaginativa din toate timpurile.
12:37
And one of the things Obama did, was they famously,
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Si unul din lucrurile pe care Obama le-a facut,
12:39
the Obama campaign did, was they famously put up
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pe care campania lui Obama le-a facut, este ca au pus pe internet cu valva
12:41
MyBarackObama.com, myBO.com
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my.BarakObama.com,
12:43
And millions of citizens rushed in to participate,
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Si milioane de cetateni s-au grabit sa participe,
12:47
and to try and figure out how to help.
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si sa se gandeasca cum sa ajute.
12:49
An incredible conversation sprung up there.
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Un izvor incredibil de conversatii a inceput aici.
12:52
And then, this time last year,
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Si atunci, pe vremea asta anul trecut,
12:55
Obama announced that he was going to change his vote on FISA,
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Obama a anuntat ca o sa-is schimbe votul in chestiunea FISA,
12:58
The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act.
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"The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act" - actul de monitorizare inteligenta straina.
13:00
He had said, in January, that he would not sign a bill
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A zis in ianuarie, ca nu va semna o nota
13:02
that granted telecom immunity for possibly warrantless spying
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care sa garanteze imunitate telecom pentru spionaj fara nici opreliste
13:06
on American persons.
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a persoanelor americane.
13:09
By the summer, in the middle of the general campaign,
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Pana in vara, in mijlocul campaniei generale,
13:11
He said, "I've thought about the issue more. I've changed my mind.
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a zis:" M-am mai gandit la aceasta chestiune. Mi-am schimbat opinia"
13:13
I'm going to vote for this bill."
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Am sa votez pentru aceasta nota"
13:15
And many of his own supporters
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Si multi dintre suporterii lui
13:17
on his own site went very publicly berserk.
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pe siteul sau au reactionat public frenetic.
13:22
It was Senator Obama when they created it. They changed the name later.
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Era senatorul Obama cand l-au creat. I-au schimbat numele mai tarziu.
13:25
"Please get FISA right."
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Te rugam voteaza FISA cum trebuie.
13:27
Within days of this group being created
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In cateva zile grupul abia creat
13:29
it was the fastest growing group on myBO.com;
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era grupul cu cea mai mare crestere de pe siteul myBO.com
13:32
within weeks of its being created it was the largest group.
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In cateva saptamani a devenit cel mai mare grup.
13:35
Obama had to issue a press release.
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Obama a fost nevoit sa dea un comunicat de presa.
13:38
He had to issue a reply.
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Trebuia sa raspunda.
13:41
And he said essentially, "I have considered the issue.
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Si ce-a zis in esenta: " Am luat in calcul ceea ce spuneti.
13:43
I understand where you are coming from.
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Inteleg punctul vostru de vedere.
13:45
But having considered it all, I'm still going to vote the way I'm going to vote.
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Dar cu toate acestea, am sa votez asa cum am sa votez.
13:49
But I wanted to reach out to you and say, I understand that you disagree with me,
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Dar am vrut sa ies in public si sa va spun, ca inteleg ca nu sunteti de acord cu mine,
13:52
and I'm going to take my lumps on this one."
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si am sa-mi asum acest risc."
13:55
This didn't please anybody. But then a funny thing happened in the conversation.
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Chestia asta nu a satisfacut pe nimeni. Dar ceva s-a intamplat in conversatie.
13:59
People in that group realized
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Omenii din grup au realizat
14:01
that Obama had never shut them down.
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ca Obama nu i-a oprit niciodata sa vorbeasca.
14:05
Nobody in the Obama campaign had ever tried to hide the group
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Nimeni din campania Obama nu incercase vreodata sa ascunda grupul
14:09
or make it harder to join,
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sau sa-l faca greu de intrat,
14:11
to deny its existence, to delete it,
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sa-i nege existenta, sa-l stearga,
14:13
to take to off the site.
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sa-l dea jos de pe site.
14:15
They had understood that their role
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Ei au inteles ca rolul lor
14:19
with myBO.com was to convene their supporters
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cu myBO.com era sa se reuneasca cu suporterii lor
14:22
but not to control their supporters.
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dar nu sa-i controleze.
14:25
And that is the kind of discipline
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Si asta este disciplina
14:27
that it takes to make really mature use
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de care avem nevoie pentru a utiliza in mod matur
14:31
of this media.
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acest tip de media.
14:34
Media, the media landscape that we knew,
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Media, peisajul de media pe care il stiam
14:38
as familiar as it was, as easy conceptually as it was
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atat de familiar,pe cat de usor conceptual a fost
14:41
to deal with the idea that professionals broadcast
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sa te impaci cu idea ca profesionistii transmit
14:43
messages to amateurs,
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mesaje amatorilor,
14:45
is increasingly slipping away.
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se indeparteaza din ce in ce mai mult.
14:48
In a world where media is global, social, ubiquitous and cheap,
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Intr-o lume in care media este globala, sociala, omniprezenta si ieftina,
14:52
in a world of media where the former audience
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intr-o lume in care fosta audienta
14:54
are now increasingly full participants,
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este din ce in ce mai participativa,
14:58
in that world, media is less and less often
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in lumea asta, media este din ce in ce mai rar vorba despre
15:02
about crafting a single message
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a construi un singur mesaj
15:05
to be consumed by individuals.
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pentru consumul individual.
15:08
It is more and more often
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E din ce in ce mai des
15:10
a way of creating an environment for convening
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o cale de a crea un mediu de convocare
15:13
and supporting groups.
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si sprijin de grupuri.
15:15
And the choice we face,
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Alegerea pe care o avem in fata,
15:17
I mean anybody who has a message they want to have heard
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adica oricine are un mesaj pe care vrea sa-l faca auzit
15:19
anywhere in the world,
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oriunde in lume
15:22
isn't whether or not that is the media environment we want to operate in.
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nu depinde de faptul ca este sau nu mediul de media in care vrem sa operam.
15:25
That's the media environment we've got.
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Acesta este mediul de media pe care il avem.
15:27
The question we all face now is,
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Intrebarea pe care toti ar trebui sa o punem este:
15:29
"How can we make best use of this media?
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Cum putem folosi cel mai bine aceasta media?
15:31
Even though it means changing the way we've always done it."
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Chiar daca insemna sa schimbam modul in care am facut-o pana acum"
15:35
Thank you very much.
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Multumesc foarte mult.
15:37
(Applause)
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aplauze
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