Carolyn Porco: This is Saturn

56,235 views ใƒป 2007-10-12

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Junhan Kim ๊ฒ€ํ† : Seongsu JEONG
00:25
In the next 18 minutes, I'm going to take you on a journey.
0
25000
3000
์•ž์œผ๋กœ 18 ๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ, ์ €๋Š” ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค๊ณผ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๋– ๋‚ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:28
And it's a journey that you and I have been on for many years now,
1
28000
5000
์ €์™€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ˆ˜๋…„๊ฐ„ ํ•ด์˜จ,
00:33
and it began some 50 years ago, when humans first stepped off our planet.
2
33000
6000
์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ์ฒ˜์Œ ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋– ๋‚œ 50๋…„ ์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ์—ฌํ–‰ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
And in those 50 years, not only did we literally, physically set foot on the moon,
3
39000
7000
๊ทธ 50 ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ž๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋‹ฌ์— ๋ฐœ์ž๊ตญ์„ ์ฐ์—ˆ์„ ๋ฟ๋งŒ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
00:46
but we have dispatched robotic spacecraft to all the planets -- all eight of them --
4
46000
7000
๋ฌด์ธ ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์„ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ–‰์„ฑ์—, 8๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
and we have landed on asteroids, we have rendezvoused with comets,
5
53000
4000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์†Œํ–‰์„ฑ์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ–ˆ๊ณ , ํ˜œ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์กฐ์šฐ ํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
00:57
and, at this point in time, we have a spacecraft on its way to Pluto,
6
57000
5000
์ง€๊ธˆ ์ด ์‹œ๊ฐ์—๋„ ๋ช…์™•์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ์„ ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:02
the body formerly known as a planet.
7
62000
3000
๋ช…์™•์„ฑ์€ ์˜ˆ์ „์—๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ์ง€์œ„์— ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:05
And all of these robotic missions are part of a bigger human journey:
8
65000
6000
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋กœ๋ด‡ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์˜ ์ž„๋ฌด๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋” ํฐ ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ์ผ๋ถ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
a voyage to understand something, to get a sense of our cosmic place,
9
71000
7000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ทผ์›์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๋Š” ์—ฌํ–‰์ด๋ฉฐ
01:18
to understand something of our origins, and how Earth, our planet,
10
78000
5000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰์„ฑ ์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์ด
01:23
and we, living on it, came to be.
11
83000
2000
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ธ์ง€ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์—ฌํ–‰ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
And of all the places in the solar system that we might go to
12
85000
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์žฅ์†Œ์—์„œ
01:28
and search for answers to questions like this,
13
88000
4000
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
there's Saturn. And we have been to Saturn before --
14
92000
3000
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ํ† ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ฏธ ํ† ์„ฑ์— ๊ฐ„ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
01:35
we visited Saturn in the early 1980s --
15
95000
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 1980๋…„๋Œ€ ์ดˆ์— ํ† ์„ฑ์„ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ–ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
but our investigations of Saturn have become far more in-depth in detail
16
98000
5000
์นด์‹œ๋‹ˆ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์ด 2004๋…„ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„ ํ† ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ถค๋„๋กœ ์ง„์ž…ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:43
since the Cassini spacecraft, traveling across interplanetary space
17
103000
4000
์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์— ์„ธ์šด ๋กœ๋ด‡ ์ „์ดˆ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์ค‘
01:47
for seven years, glided into orbit around Saturn in the summer of 2004,
18
107000
6000
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋จผ ๊ณณ์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 7๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์นœ ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ฐ„ ์šฐ์ฃผ์˜ ํƒํ—˜์œผ๋กœ
01:53
and became at that point the farthest robotic outpost
19
113000
3000
ํ† ์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ๋”์šฑ ๊นŠ๊ณ 
01:56
that humanity had ever established around the Sun.
20
116000
3000
์ƒ์„ธํ•ด ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
Now, the Saturn system is a rich planetary system.
21
119000
5000
ํ† ์„ฑ๊ณ„๋Š” ํ’๋ถ€ํ•œ ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
It offers mystery, scientific insight and obviously splendor beyond compare,
22
124000
7000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ ๋น„๋กœ์›€๊ณผ ๊ณผํ•™์  ํ†ต์ฐฐ๋ ฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋น„๊ตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ™”๋ คํ•จ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค,
02:11
and the investigation of this system has enormous cosmic reach.
23
131000
4000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋Š” ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์ฒœ๋ฌธํ•™์  ๋ชฉ์ ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
In fact, just studying the rings alone, we stand to learn a lot
24
135000
4000
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ, ๋‹จ์ˆœํžˆ ํ† ์„ฑ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์˜ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋กœ๋„ ๋‚˜์„ ํ˜• ์€ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”,
02:19
about the discs of stars and gas that we call the spiral galaxies.
25
139000
5000
๋ณ„๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์Šค๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ์›๋ฐ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
And here's a beautiful picture of the Andromeda Nebula,
26
144000
2000
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์•ˆ๋“œ๋กœ๋ฉ”๋‹ค ์€ํ•˜์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:26
which is our closest, largest spiral galaxy to the Milky Way.
27
146000
4000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊น๊ณ , ์€ํ•˜์ˆ˜์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋‚˜์„ ํ˜• ์€ํ•˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
And then, here's a beautiful composite of the Whirlpool Galaxy,
28
150000
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ—ˆ๋ธ” ์šฐ์ฃผ ๋ง์›๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ฐ์€
02:33
taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.
29
153000
2000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์†Œ์šฉ๋Œ์ด ์€ํ•˜์˜ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
So the journey back to Saturn is really part of and is also a metaphor
30
155000
6000
๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ํ† ์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ์˜ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธ์€ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์žฅ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฌํ–‰์˜ ์€์œ ์ž„๊ณผ ๋™์‹œ์—
02:41
for a much larger human voyage
31
161000
2000
๊ทธ ์ผ๋ถ€์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:43
to understand the interconnectedness of everything around us,
32
163000
4000
์ด ์—ฌํ–‰์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
02:47
and also how humans fit into that picture.
33
167000
3000
๊ทธ ์•ˆ์—์„œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
And it pains me that I can't tell you all that we have learned with Cassini.
34
170000
7000
์นด์‹œ๋‹ˆ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ตฐ์š”.
02:57
I can't show you all the beautiful pictures that we've taken
35
177000
3000
์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜ ์•Š๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„ ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์•ˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐ์€
03:00
in the last two and a half years, because I simply don't have the time.
36
180000
3000
์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
So I'm going to concentrate on two of the most exciting stories
37
183000
4000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋Œ€ ํƒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ
03:07
that have emerged out of this major exploratory expedition
38
187000
4000
์ด๋„๋Š” ๋„์ค‘์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋˜
03:11
that we are conducting around Saturn,
39
191000
2000
๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด
03:13
and have been for the past two and a half years.
40
193000
3000
๋‘๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์— ์ง‘์ค‘ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:16
Saturn is accompanied by a very large and diverse collection of moons.
41
196000
4000
ํ† ์„ฑ์—๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์œ„์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:20
They range in size from a few kilometers across to as big across as the U.S.
42
200000
5000
์œ„์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ ์ž‘ ์ˆ˜ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์ง€๋ฅด๋Š” ๋งŒํผ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
Most of the beautiful pictures we've taken of Saturn, in fact,
43
205000
3000
ํ† ์„ฑ์„ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
03:28
show Saturn in accompaniment with some of its moons. Here's Saturn with Dione,
44
208000
5000
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์œ„์„ฑ๋“ค์ด ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฐํžŒ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋””์˜ค๋„ค๊ฐ€ ํ† ์„ฑ๊ณผ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
03:33
and then, here's Saturn showing the rings edge-on,
45
213000
3000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ„์„ฑ ์—”์…€๋ผ๋‘์Šค์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ฐํžŒ ํ† ์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ์ž๋ฆฌ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ด๋ฉฐ,
03:36
showing you just how vertically thin they are, with the moon Enceladus.
46
216000
4000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์–‡์€์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
Now, two of the 47 moons that Saturn has are standouts.
47
220000
5000
ํ† ์„ฑ์˜ ์œ„์„ฑ 47๊ฐœ ์ค‘, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์œ„์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
And those are Titan and Enceladus. Titan is Saturn's largest moon,
48
225000
5000
ํƒ€์ดํƒ„๊ณผ ์—”์…€๋ผ๋‘์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์€ ํ† ์„ฑ ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์œ„์„ฑ์ด๋ฉฐ,
03:50
and, until Cassini had arrived there,
49
230000
2000
์นด์‹œ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
03:52
was the largest single expanse of unexplored terrain
50
232000
4000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์— ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๋˜
03:56
that we had remaining in our solar system.
51
236000
4000
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฐฉ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ฏธ๋‹ต์‚ฌ ์ง€์—ญ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
And it is a body that has long intrigued people who've watched the planets.
52
240000
4000
๊ทธ ์‹ค์ฒด๋Š” ์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด ์˜ค๋˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์˜ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋ถˆ๋Ÿฌ์ผ์œผ์ผฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:04
It has a very large, thick atmosphere,
53
244000
4000
ํ–‰์„ฑ์€ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ํฌ๊ณ  ๋‘๊บผ์šด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
04:08
and in fact, its surface environment was believed to be
54
248000
4000
ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์˜ ์–ด๋Š ๊ณณ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด
04:12
more like the environment we have here on the Earth,
55
252000
4000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ์œ ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
04:16
or at least had in the past, than any other body in the solar system.
56
256000
4000
์ ์–ด๋„ ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์— ๊ทธ๋žฌ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Its atmosphere is largely molecular nitrogen, like you are breathing here in this room,
57
260000
5000
๋Œ€๊ธฐ์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ด ๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ์ˆจ์‰ฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณต๊ธฐ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ์งˆ์†Œ ๋ถ„์ž๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:25
except that its atmosphere is suffused with
58
265000
2000
๋‹ค๋ฅธ์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ์ค‘์—๋Š”
04:27
simple organic materials like methane and propane and ethane.
59
267000
4000
๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์ธ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„๊ณผ ํ”„๋กœํŒ, ์—ํƒ„์„ ํฌํ•จํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
04:31
And these molecules high up in the atmosphere of Titan
60
271000
3000
์ด ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์€ ํƒ€์ดํƒ„ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ๋†’์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€
04:34
get broken down, and their products join together to make haze particles.
61
274000
5000
๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์ด ๊นจ์ง€๊ณ , ๊นจ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง€๋ฉด์„œ ํฌ๋ฟŒ์—ฐ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฝ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
This haze is ubiquitous. It's completely global and enveloping Titan.
62
279000
5000
์ด ์˜…์€ ์•ˆ๊ฐœ๋Š” ์–ด๋””์—๋‚˜ ์žˆ๊ณ  ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ ์‹ธ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:44
And that's why you cannot see down to the surface
63
284000
3000
์ด ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๋น›์˜ ์˜์—ญ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋Š”
04:47
with our eyes in the visible region of the spectrum.
64
287000
2000
์ง์ ‘ ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:49
But these haze particles, it was surmised,
65
289000
3000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์นด์‹œ๋‹ˆ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์ด ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”
04:52
before we got there with Cassini, over billions and billions of years,
66
292000
4000
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์•ˆ๊ฐœ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ง€ํ‘œ์— ์Œ“์ด๋ฉด์„œ
04:56
gently drifted down to the surface and coated the surface
67
296000
4000
๋‘๊บผ์šด ์œ ๊ธฐ ์นจ์ „๋ฌผ์„ ํ˜•์„ฑ ํ–ˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
05:00
in a thick organic sludge.
68
300000
1000
์ถ”์ธกํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:01
So like the equivalent, the Titan equivalent, of tar, or oil, or what -- we didn't know what.
69
301000
7000
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํƒ€๋ฅด, ์„์œ  ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์— ์žˆ์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์ง€๋งŒ,
05:08
But this is what we suspected. And these molecules,
70
308000
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ถ”์ธกํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:10
especially methane and ethane, can be liquids at the surface temperatures of Titan.
71
310000
9000
๋ถ„์ž๋“ค, ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„๊ณผ ์—ํƒ„์˜ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค์€ ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด ์˜จ๋„์—์„œ๋Š” ์•ก์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:19
And so it turns out that methane is to Titan what water is to the Earth.
72
319000
5000
๊ทธ ๋ง์€ ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์ด ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์—์„œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กด์žฌ๋ž€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
It's a condensable in the atmosphere,
73
324000
2000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์—์„œ ์‘์ถ•๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋ฉฐ
05:26
and so recognizing this circumstance brought to the fore
74
326000
5000
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ๊ดดํ•œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€
05:31
a whole world of bizarre possibilities. You can have methane clouds, OK,
75
331000
5000
์กด์žฌํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฉ”ํƒ„ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„์ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
05:36
and above those clouds, you have this hundreds of kilometers of haze,
76
336000
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ตฌ๋ฆ„๋“ค ์œ„์— ํ–‡๋น›์ด ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ๋„๋‹ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๋Š”
05:39
which prevent any sunlight from getting to the surface.
77
339000
2000
์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ km ๋‘๊ป˜์˜ ์•ˆ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์—ฌ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:41
The temperature at the surface is some 350 degrees below zero Fahrenheit.
78
341000
6000
์ง€ํ‘œ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋Š” ์•ฝ ์„ญ์”จ ์˜ํ•˜ 210๋„ ์ •๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:47
But despite that cold, you could have rain falling down on the surface of Titan.
79
347000
6000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ถ”์œ„์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—๋Š” ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:53
And doing on Titan what rain does on the Earth: it carves gullies; it forms rivers
80
353000
3000
์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์—์„œ๋„ ๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋ฉด
05:56
and cataracts; it can create canyons; it can pool in large basins and craters.
81
356000
7000
๊ณจ์งœ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง€๊ณ , ๊ฐ•์ด ํ๋ฅด๊ณ , ํ™์ˆ˜๋„ ๋ฐœ์ƒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋Š” ํ˜‘๊ณก๋„ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ , ๋ถ„์ง€๋‚˜ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ์— ์ €์ˆ˜์ง€๋ฅผ ํ˜•์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:03
It can wash the sludge off high mountain peaks and hills,
82
363000
3000
๋†’์€ ์‚ฐ๋ด‰์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ์–ธ๋•์˜ ์ง„ํ™์„ ์ €์ง€๋Œ€๋กœ
06:06
down into the lowlands. So stop and think for a minute.
83
366000
3000
์”ป์–ด ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”.
06:09
Try to imagine what the surface of Titan might look like.
84
369000
4000
ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์˜ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์ด ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์ผ์ง€ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด ๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
It's dark. High noon on Titan is as dark as deep earth twilight on the Earth.
85
373000
5000
์–ด๋‘ก์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์—์„  ํ•œ๋‚ฎ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ์˜ ํ•ด์งˆ๋…˜ ์–ด๋‘ ๋ณด๋‹ค๋„ ๊นœ๊นœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
It's cold, it's eerie, it's misty,
86
378000
2000
์ถฅ๊ณ , ์„ฌ๋œฉํ•˜๊ณ , ์•ˆ๊ฐœ๊ฐ€ ๋ผ์–ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
06:20
it might be raining, and you might be standing
87
380000
3000
๋น„๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:23
on the shores of Lake Michigan brimming with paint thinner. (Laughter)
88
383000
4000
ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ ์‹œ๋„ˆ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐฌ ๋ฏธ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ˜ธ์ˆซ๊ฐ€์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์„œ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒ์„ ํ•ด ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์š”.
06:27
That is the view that we had of the surface of Titan before we got there with Cassini,
89
387000
5000
์ด๊ฒŒ ์นด์‹œ๋‹ˆ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์ด ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์— ๋„์ฐฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋˜ ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
and I can tell you that what we have found on Titan, though it is not the same in detail,
90
392000
7000
์ด์ œ ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์— ๊ด€ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ž์„ธํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด ์กฐ๊ธˆ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ
06:39
is every bit as fascinating as that story is.
91
399000
3000
์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฑด ํ‹€๋ฆผ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
And for us, it has been like -- the Cassini people --
92
402000
2000
์ €ํฌ ์นด์‹œ๋‹ˆ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑด
06:44
it has been like a Jules Verne adventure come true.
93
404000
4000
๋งˆ์น˜ ์ฅด ๋ฒ ๋ฅธ ์–ด๋“œ๋ฒค์ฒ˜(๊ณต์ƒ๊ณผํ•™ TV์‹œ๋ฆฌ์ฆˆ) ๊ฐ€ ํ˜„์‹ค์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์ฃ .
06:48
As I said, it has a thick, extensive atmosphere.
94
408000
2000
์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋“ฏ์ด ๋‘๊ป๊ณ  ๋„“์€ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
This is a picture of Titan, backlit by the Sun, with the rings as a beautiful backdrop.
95
410000
5000
ํƒœ์–‘์„ ๋“ฑ์ง„ ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ๋ง์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ์œผ๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
And yet another moon there --
96
415000
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋˜๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์œ„์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
I don't even know which one it is. It's a very extensive atmosphere.
97
417000
3000
๊ทธ๊ฒŒ ์–ด๋–ค ์œ„์„ฑ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‘๊ป๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
07:00
We have instruments on Cassini which can see down to the surface
98
420000
3000
์นด์‹œ๋‹ˆ์—๋Š” ์ด ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋šซ๊ณ  ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ธกํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
07:03
through this atmosphere, and my camera system is one of them.
99
423000
4000
์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฌ๋ ค ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ์นด๋ฉ”๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์žฅ์น˜ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ด์ง€์š”.
07:07
And we have taken pictures like this.
100
427000
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ์ฐ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:09
And what you see is bright and dark regions, and that's about as far as it got for us.
101
429000
5000
๋ฐ๊ณ  ์–ด๋‘์šด ์ง€์—ญ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ดฌ์˜ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ฒ”์œ„๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ฐ์€๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
07:14
It was so mystifying: we couldn't make out what we were seeing on Titan.
102
434000
4000
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ ๊ฝค๋‚˜ ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋‘ฅ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋„๋Œ€์ฒด ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋ญ”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
07:18
When you look closer at this region, you start to see things
103
438000
5000
์ด ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๊ตฝ์ด์น˜๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋กœ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์„
07:23
like sinuous channels -- we didn't know. You see a few round things.
104
443000
4000
๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋งŒ ์ž์„ธํžˆ๋Š” ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‘ฅ๊ธ€๋‘ฅ๊ธ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ ์š”.
07:27
This, we later found out, is, in fact, a crater,
105
447000
2000
์ด๊ฑด ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋ฐํ˜€์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
but there are very few craters on the surface of Titan,
106
449000
3000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํฌ๋ ˆ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:32
meaning it's a very young surface.
107
452000
2000
์ฆ‰ ์•„์ฃผ ์ ‹์€ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ผ๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ์ด์ง€์š”.
07:34
And there are features that look tectonic.
108
454000
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ง€๊ฐ๋ณ€๋™์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ํŠน์ง•๋“ค ๋˜ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:36
They look like they've been pulled apart.
109
456000
2000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์žก์•„๋‹น๊ฒจ์ ธ ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ง„ ๋“ฏ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:38
Whenever you see anything linear on a planet,
110
458000
2000
ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ์„ ํ˜•์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
07:40
it means there's been a fracture, like a fault.
111
460000
4000
๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋‹จ์ธต๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ท ์—ด์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์˜๋ฏธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:44
And so it's been tectonically altered.
112
464000
2000
์ฆ‰ ์ง€์งˆํ•™์ ์ธ ๋ณ€๋™์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ฃ .
07:46
But we couldn't make sense of our images,
113
466000
2000
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€
07:48
until, six months after we got into orbit,
114
468000
4000
๊ถค๋„์ƒ์— ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ ์„œ 6๊ฐœ์›”์ด ์ง€๋‚œ ํ›„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:52
an event occurred that many have regarded
115
472000
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋งŽ์€ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์นด์‹œ๋‹ˆ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์˜
07:54
as the highlight of Cassini's investigation of Titan.
116
474000
3000
ํƒ€์ดํƒ„ ์กฐ์‚ฌ์ž„๋ฌด์ค‘ ํ•˜์ด๋ผ์ดํŠธ๋ผ๊ณ  ์†๊ผฝ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋ฐœ์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:57
And that was the deployment of the Huygens probe,
117
477000
3000
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜ธ์ด๊ฒ์Šค ๊ด€์ธก์„ ์„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
the European-built Huygens probe that Cassini had carried
118
480000
3000
์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด์ง„ ํ˜ธ์ด๊ฒ์Šค ๊ด€์ธก์„ ์€ ์นด์‹œ๋‹ˆ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์ด
08:03
for seven years across the solar system. We deployed it to the atmosphere of Titan,
119
483000
4000
7๋…„๊ฐ„ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ ๊ฐ„ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ˜ธ์ด๊ฒ์Šค๋ฅผ ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์˜ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋ณด๋ƒˆ์ฃ .
08:07
it took two and a half hours to descend, and it landed on the surface.
120
487000
4000
ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์€ ๋‘์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ˜ ๋™์•ˆ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:11
And I just want to emphasize how significant an event this is.
121
491000
4000
์ €๋Š” ์ด๊ฒŒ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ธ์ง€ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:15
This is a device of human making,
122
495000
3000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์žฅ๋น„๊ฐ€
08:18
and it landed in the outer solar system for the first time in human history.
123
498000
4000
์ธ๋ฅ˜ ์—ญ์‚ฌ ์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์˜ ์™ธํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณ„์— ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
It is so significant that, in my mind,
124
502000
4000
์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด๋ฉฐ
08:26
this was an event that should have been celebrated
125
506000
2000
์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ๋ชจ๋“  ๋„์‹œ์—์„œ ์„ฑ๋Œ€ํ•œ ํผ๋ ˆ์ด๋“œ๋ผ๋„ ๋ฒŒ์ด๋ฉด์„œ
08:28
with ticker tape parades in every city across the U.S. and Europe,
126
508000
5000
์ถ•ํ•˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
and sadly, that wasn't the case.
127
513000
2000
๋ถˆํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋ชปํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š”.
08:35
(Laughter).
128
515000
2000
(์›ƒ์Œ)
08:37
It was significant for another reason. This is an international mission,
129
517000
3000
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด์œ ์—์„œ๋„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ตญ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ฏธ์…˜์ด์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
08:40
and this event was celebrated in Europe, in Germany,
130
520000
3000
์œ ๋Ÿฝ์—์„œ, ๋…์ผ์—์„œ ์ถ•ํ•˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์€ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
08:43
and the celebratory presentations were given in English accents,
131
523000
4000
์ถ•ํ•˜ ํ–‰์‚ฌ๋Š” ์˜๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ์˜์–ด์™€ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์ธ์˜ ์˜์–ด์™€
08:47
and American accents, and German accents, and French and Italian and Dutch accents.
132
527000
6000
๋…์ผ๊ณผ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค์™€ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„์™€ ๋„ค๋œ๋ž€๋“œ์˜ ์–ธ์–ด๋กœ ๋ฐœํ‘œ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:53
It was a moving demonstration of what the words
133
533000
4000
๊ทธ๊ฑฐ์•ผ๋ง๋กœ '๊ตญ์ œ ์—ฐํ•ฉ'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์–ด์˜
08:57
"united nations" are supposed to mean:
134
537000
2000
์ง„์ •ํ•œ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด๋Š” ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์˜€์ฃ .
08:59
a true union of nations joined together in a colossal effort for good.
135
539000
6000
๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ด์ต์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋…ธ๋ ฅํ•œ ์ง„์ •ํ•œ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๊ฐ„์˜ ์—ฐํ•ฉ์ด์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
09:05
And, in this case, it was a massive undertaking to explore a planet,
136
545000
4000
์ด ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋Š” ํ–‰์„ฑ์„ ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
09:09
and to come to understand a planetary system
137
549000
3000
์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
09:12
that, for all of human history, had been unreachable,
138
552000
4000
์ด์ œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ธ๊ฐ„ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•œ ๊ณณ์„
09:16
and now humans had actually touched it.
139
556000
2000
์ด์ œ๋Š” ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
So it was -- I mean, I'm getting goose bumps just talking about it.
140
558000
4000
๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์ด ์ผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ์†Œ๋ฆ„์ด ๋‹์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ
09:22
It was a tremendously emotional event,
141
562000
2000
์ด๊ฑด ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ๊ฐ€์Šด๋ฒ…์ฐฌ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ
09:24
and it's something that I will personally never forget, and you shouldn't either.
142
564000
5000
๊ฐœ์ธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ ˆ๋Œ€ ์žŠ์„์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ๋˜ํ•œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:29
(Applause).
143
569000
6000
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
09:35
But anyway, the probe took measurements of the atmosphere on the way down,
144
575000
3000
์–ด์จŒ๋“  ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์ด ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ธก์ •ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:38
and it also took panoramic pictures.
145
578000
2000
ํŒŒ๋…ธ๋ผ๋งˆ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋„ ์ฐ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:40
And I can't tell you what it was like to see the first pictures
146
580000
4000
์ฒซ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ง๋งŒ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ตฐ์š”.
09:44
of Titan's surface from the probe. And this is what we saw.
147
584000
4000
๊ด€์ธก์„ ์—์„œ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋‹ค ๋ณธ ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์˜ ์ง€ํ‘œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:48
And it was a shocker, because it was everything we wanted
148
588000
3000
์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ถค๋„์ƒ์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์œผ๋ฉฐ
09:51
those other pictures taken from orbit to be.
149
591000
2000
๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
09:53
It was an unambiguous pattern, a geological pattern.
150
593000
4000
๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ์ง€์งˆํ•™์  ํŒจํ„ด์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:57
It's a dendritic drainage pattern that can be formed only by the flow of liquids.
151
597000
5000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ด๋“œ๋ผ์ดํŠธ ์ˆ˜๋กœ ํŒจํ„ด์œผ๋กœ ์•ก์ฒด์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ๋งŒ ํ˜•์„ฑ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํŒจํ„ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:02
And you can follow these channels
152
602000
2000
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋“ค์„ ๋’ค๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด
10:04
and you can see how they all converge.
153
604000
1000
ํ•œ๊ณณ์— ๋ชจ์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:05
And they converge into this channel here, which drains into this region.
154
605000
4000
์ด ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋กœ ๋ชจ์—ฌ๋“ค์–ด์„œ, ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:09
You are looking at a shoreline.
155
609000
2000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ํ•ด์•ˆ์„ ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:11
Was this a shoreline of fluids? We didn't know.
156
611000
3000
์•ก์ฒด์˜ ํ•ด์•ˆ์„ ์ธ์ง€๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ชฐ๋ž์ง€๋งŒ
10:14
But this is somewhat of a shoreline.
157
614000
2000
์–ด์จŒ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€์˜ ํ•ด์•ˆ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:16
This picture is taken at 16 kilometers.
158
616000
2000
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ 16km ์ƒ๊ณต์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
This is the picture taken at eight kilometers, OK? Again, the shoreline.
159
618000
4000
์ด ์‚ฌ์ง„์€ 8km์ƒ๊ณต์—์„œ ์ฐ์€๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ ์š”. ์•„์‹œ๊ฒ ์ฃ ? ์ด๊ฑด ํ•ด์•ˆ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:22
Okay, now, 16 kilometers, eight kilometers -- this is roughly an airline altitude.
160
622000
5000
16km, 8km. ์ด๊ฑด ๋Œ€๋žต ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ ๊ณ ๋„์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•˜์ฃ .
10:27
If you were going to take an airplane trip across the U.S.,
161
627000
3000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ํšก๋‹จํ•˜๋Š” ๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ€์‹ ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:30
you would be flying at these altitudes.
162
630000
2000
๋Œ€๋žต ๊ทธ์ •๋„ ๋†’์ด์˜ ๊ณ ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚ ๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:32
So, this is the picture you would have at the window of Titanian Airlines
163
632000
4000
์ฆ‰, ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํƒ€์ดํƒ„ ํ•ญ๊ณต์„ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ํƒ€์ดํƒ„ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์„ ๋‚ ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
10:36
as you fly across the surface of Titan. (Laughter)
164
636000
3000
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ด ์ฐฝ ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
10:39
And then finally, the probe came to rest on the surface,
165
639000
4000
๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์€ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์— ์•ˆ์ฐฉํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:43
and I'm going to show you, ladies and gentlemen,
166
643000
2000
์‹ ์‚ฌ์ˆ™๋…€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„, ์ด์ œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์€
10:45
the first picture ever taken from the surface of a moon in the outer solar system.
167
645000
4000
ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ์™ธํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ์œ„์„ฑ ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ์ฐ์€ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:49
And here is the horizon, OK?
168
649000
4000
์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ˆ˜ํ‰์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์ด์‹œ์ฃ ?
10:53
These are probably water ice pebbles, yes?
169
653000
4000
์–ผ์Œ์œผ๋กœ ๋œ ์ž๊ฐˆ์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ?
10:57
(Applause).
170
657000
5000
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
11:02
And obviously, it landed in one of these flat, dark regions
171
662000
4000
๊ด€์ธก์„ ์€ ์ด ํ‰ํ‰ํ•˜๊ณ  ์–ด๋‘์šด ์ง€์—ญ์ค‘ ํ•œ ๊ตฐ๋ฐ์— ๋‚ด๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
and it didn't sink out of sight. So it wasn't fluid that we landed in.
172
666000
5000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋ผ์•‰๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ . ์ฆ‰ ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด ์•ก์ฒด๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:11
What the probe came down in was basically
173
671000
3000
ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์ด ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•œ ๊ณณ์€
11:14
the Titan equivalent of a mud flat.
174
674000
3000
ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์˜ ๊ฐฏ๋ฒŒ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:17
This is an unconsolidated ground that is suffused with liquid methane.
175
677000
5000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•ก์ฒด ๋ฉ”ํƒ„์ด ํผ์ ธ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฅธ ๋•…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:22
And it's probably the case that this material
176
682000
3000
์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์€ ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์˜ ๊ณ ์ง€๋Œ€์—์„œ
11:25
has washed off the highlands of Titan
177
685000
4000
์”ป๊ฒจ๋‚ด๋ ค์˜จ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋กœ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
through these channels that we saw,
178
689000
1000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ดค๋˜ ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
11:30
and has drained over billions of years to fill in low-lying basins.
179
690000
4000
์ˆ˜์‹ญ์–ต๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ถ„์ง€์˜ ์ €์ง€๋Œ€๋ฅผ ์ฑ„์› ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:34
And that is what the Huygens probe landed in.
180
694000
3000
๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ํ˜ธ์ด๊ฒ์Šค ๊ด€์ธก์„ ์ด ์ฐฉ๋ฅ™ํ•œ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
11:37
But still, there was no sign in our images,
181
697000
4000
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๋‚˜ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ํ˜ธ์ด๊ฒ์Šค ๊ด€์ธก์„ ์ด ์ฐ์€ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—๋Š”
11:41
or even in the Huygens' images, of any large, open bodies of fluids.
182
701000
5000
์•„๋ฌด๋ฆฌ ๋ด๋„ ๋„“๊ฒŒ ํŽผ์ณ์ง„ ์•ก์ฒด์˜ ์ง•ํ›„ ๊ฐ™์€๊ฑด ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
Where were they? It got even more puzzling when we found dunes.
183
706000
5000
๋Œ€์ฒด ์–ด๋””๋กœ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„ ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”? ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋•๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ž ์˜๋ฌธ์ด ๋” ๊นŠ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
OK, so this is our movie of the equatorial region of Titan,
184
711000
3000
๋„ค, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์˜ ์ ๋„ ์ง€์—ญ์„ ์ดฌ์˜ํ•œ ์˜์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:54
showing these dunes. These are dunes that are 100 meters tall,
185
714000
3000
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์–ธ๋•๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์ด์ฃ . ์ด ๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋•๋“ค์˜ ๋†’์ด๋Š” 100๋ฏธํ„ฐ์ •๋„ ๋˜๊ณ 
11:57
separated by a few kilometers,
186
717000
3000
๋ถˆ๊ณผ ๋ช‡ ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
and they go on for miles and miles and miles.
187
720000
3000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋‹นํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๊ณ„์† ์ด์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ฃ .
12:03
There's hundreds, up to a 1,000 or 1,200 miles of dunes.
188
723000
3000
์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งˆ์ผ์—์„œ 1000๋งˆ์ผ, ํ˜น์€ 1200๋งˆ์ผ์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ชจ๋ž˜ ์–ธ๋•์ด ํŽผ์ ธ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:06
This is the Saharan desert of Titan.
189
726000
3000
ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์˜ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์ด์ฃ .
12:09
It's obviously a place which is very dry, or you wouldn't get dunes.
190
729000
5000
์—ฌ๊ธด ํ™•์‹คํžˆ ๋งค์šฐ ๊ฑด์กฐํ•œ ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋ž˜์–ธ๋•์ด ์žˆ์„์ˆ˜ ์—†์ฃ .
12:14
So again, it got puzzling that there were no bodies of fluid,
191
734000
5000
๋‹ค์‹œ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜๋ฉด, ์•ก์ฒด์˜ ์กด์žฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์–ด์„œ ์–ด๋ฆฌ๋‘ฅ์ ˆ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:19
until finally, we saw lakes in the polar regions.
192
739000
4000
๊ทน์ง€๋ฐฉ์—์„œ ๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ๊นŒ์ง€๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
12:23
And there is a lake scene in the south polar region of Titan.
193
743000
4000
ํƒ€์ดํƒ„ ๋‚จ๊ทน์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํ˜ธ์ˆ˜์˜ ํ’๊ฒฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:27
It's about the size of Lake Ontario.
194
747000
2000
์˜จํƒ€๋ฆฌ์˜ค ํ˜ธ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
And then, only a week and a half ago,
195
749000
1000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋”ฑ ํ•œ์ฃผ ๋ฐ˜ ์ „์—
12:30
we flew over the north pole of Titan and found, again,
196
750000
4000
ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์˜ ๋ถ๊ทน์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ ์•„๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
we found a feature here the size of the Caspian Sea.
197
754000
5000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์นด์Šคํ”ผ ํ•ด์™€ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ์–ด๋–ค ์ง€ํ˜•๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์ฃ .
12:39
So it seems that the liquids, for some reason we don't understand,
198
759000
4000
์ฆ‰ ๊ทธ ์•ก์ฒด๋“ค์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ์ด์œ ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
12:43
or during at least this season, are apparently at the poles of Titan.
199
763000
5000
์ ์–ด๋„ ์ด ๊ณ„์ ˆ๋™์•ˆ์—๋Š” ๊ทน์ง€๋ฐฉ์— ์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
12:48
And I think you would agree that we have found Titan
200
768000
3000
ํƒ€์ดํƒ„์€ ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•  ๋งŒํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ ๋น„์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ ์—
12:51
is a remarkable, mystical place. It's exotic, it's alien, but yet strangely Earth-like,
201
771000
7000
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋™์˜ํ•˜์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด์งˆ์ ์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด์ƒํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ๋‹ฎ์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ
12:58
and having Earth-like geological formations
202
778000
3000
์ง€๊ตฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ง€๋ฆฌ์  ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:01
and a tremendous geographical diversity,
203
781000
4000
์—„์ฒญ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
13:05
and is a fascinating world whose only rival in the solar system
204
785000
4000
๋ณต์žกํ•จ๊ณผ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•จ์— ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋น„๊ฒฌ๋  ๋งŒํ•œ ๊ณณ์ด
13:09
for complexity and richness is the Earth itself.
205
789000
3000
์ง€๊ตฌ ์™ธ์—๋Š” ์—†๋Š” ๋งคํ˜น์ ์ธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:12
And so now we go onto Enceladus. Enceladus is a small moon,
206
792000
5000
๋„ค, ์ด์ œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์—”์…€๋ผ๋‘์Šค๋กœ ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ฃ . ์—”์…€๋ผ๋‘์Šค๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ์œ„์„ฑ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:17
it's about a tenth the size of Titan. And you can see it here next to England,
207
797000
4000
ํƒ€์ดํƒ„ ํฌ๊ธฐ์˜ 1/10์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ตญ ์˜†์— ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ๋†“์•„ ๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”.
13:21
just to show you the size. This is not meant to be a threat.
208
801000
3000
๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถฉ๋Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋ ค๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—์š”.
13:24
(Laughter).
209
804000
2000
(์›ƒ์Œ)
13:26
And Enceladus is very white, it's very bright,
210
806000
4000
์—”์…€๋ผ๋‘์Šค๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ํ•˜์–—์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ ๋งค์šฐ ๋ฐ์ง€์š”.
13:30
and its surface is obviously wrecked with fractures.
211
810000
4000
ํ‘œ๋ฉด์€ ๊ท ์—ด๋“ค๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ฐˆ๋ผ์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
It is a very geologically active body.
212
814000
2000
์ง€์งˆํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ™œ๋ฐœํ•œ ์ง€ํ˜•์ด์ง€์š”.
13:36
But the mother lode of discoveries on Enceladus
213
816000
2000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—”์…€๋ผ๋‘์Šค์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฃผ์š”ํ•œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์€
13:38
was found at the south pole -- and we're looking at the south pole here --
214
818000
3000
๋‚จ๊ทน์—์„œ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋‚จ๊ทน์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”
13:41
where we found this system of fractures.
215
821000
3000
์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๊ท ์—ด๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ง€ํ˜•์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:44
And they're a different color because they're a different composition.
216
824000
2000
์ด ๊ท ์—ด๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ƒ‰๊น”์„ ๋„๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:46
They are coated. These fractures are coated with organic materials.
217
826000
5000
์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์ด ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๊ท ์—ด๋“ค์€ ์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ๋“ค๋กœ ์ฝ”ํŒ…์ด ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:51
Moreover, this whole, entire region, the south polar region,
218
831000
4000
๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋‚จ๊ทน์ง€์—ญ์€ ์ „์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋†’์€ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋กํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:55
has elevated temperatures. It's the hottest place on the planet, on the body.
219
835000
4000
ํ–‰์„ฑ์˜ ๋ณธ์ฒด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:59
That's as bizarre as finding that the Antarctic on the Earth is hotter than the tropics.
220
839000
5000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—์„œ ๋‚จ๊ทน์ด ์—ด๋Œ€์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋”์šด๊ฒƒ ๋งŒํผ์ด๋‚˜ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
And then, when we took additional pictures, we discovered
221
844000
3000
๋˜ํ•œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์„ ์ฐ์—ˆ์„๋•Œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
14:07
that from these fractures are issuing jets of fine, icy particles
222
847000
6000
์–ผ์Œ ์ž…์ž๋“ค์˜ ๋ถ„์ถœ๋ฌผ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งˆ์ผ ๋ฐ–์˜ ์šฐ์ฃผ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๋ฟœ์–ด๋‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
14:13
extending hundreds of miles into space.
223
853000
2000
๊ท ์—ด์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:15
And when we color-code this image, to bring out the faint light levels,
224
855000
3000
์˜…์€ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์‚ฌ์ง„์˜ ์ƒ‰์„ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ”๋ณธ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
14:18
we see that these jets feed a plume
225
858000
4000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ถ„์ถœ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ฌผ๊ธฐ๋‘ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:22
that, in fact, we see, in other images, goes thousands of miles
226
862000
4000
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์ง„์—์„œ๋Š” ์ง€ํ‘œ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ๊ณต์„ ํ–ฅํ•˜์—ฌ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋งˆ์ผ์ด๋‚˜
14:26
into the space above Enceladus.
227
866000
2000
๋ฟœ์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:28
My team and I have examined images like this,
228
868000
3000
์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํŒ€์›๋“ค๊ณผ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•˜๊ณ 
14:31
and like this one, and have thought about the other results from Cassini.
229
871000
4000
์นด์‹œ๋‹ˆ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ธ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ •๋ณด๋“ค๋„ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ•œ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ
14:35
And we have arrived at the conclusion
230
875000
4000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ๋ถ„์ถœ๋ฌผ์ด ์—”์…€๋ผ๋‘์Šค์˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์— ์žˆ๋Š”
14:39
that these jets may be erupting from pockets
231
879000
3000
์•ก์ฒด ๋ฌผ์ฃผ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—์„œ ๋ฟœ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š”๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ 
14:42
of liquid water under the surface of Enceladus.
232
882000
4000
๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ง€์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:46
So we have, possibly, liquid water, organic materials and excess heat.
233
886000
5000
์ฆ‰ ์•ก์ฒด์ƒํƒœ์˜ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํžˆ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ์—ด์ด ์กด์žฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:51
In other words, we have possibly stumbled upon
234
891000
3000
๋‹ค์‹œ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์—ฐํžˆ๋„
14:54
the holy grail of modern day planetary exploration,
235
894000
4000
ํ˜„๋Œ€ ํ–‰์„ฑ ํƒํ—˜์—์„œ ์„ฑ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„์—†๋Š”๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:58
or in other words, an environment that is potentially suitable for living organisms.
236
898000
4000
์ฆ‰ ์‚ด์•„์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด์—๊ฒŒ ์ž ์žฌ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ํ•ฉํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:02
And I don't think I need to tell you that the discovery of life
237
902000
3000
์—”์…€๋ผ๋‘์Šค์ด๊ฑด ์–ด๋””๊ฑด๊ฐ„์—
15:05
elsewhere in our solar system,
238
905000
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„์˜ ์–ด๋”˜๊ฐ€์—์„œ
15:07
whether it be on Enceladus or elsewhere,
239
907000
2000
์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
15:09
would have enormous cultural and scientific implications.
240
909000
3000
๋ฌธํ™”์ , ๊ณผํ•™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์˜๋ฏธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š”๊ฑธ ๊ตณ์ด ๋งํ•  ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:12
Because if we could demonstrate that genesis had occurred
241
912000
4000
์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด ๋งŒ์•ฝ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ํƒœ์–‘๊ณ„ ๋‚ด์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ช…์˜ ๊ธฐ์›์ด ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์ด ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
15:16
not once, but twice, independently, in our solar system,
242
916000
4000
๋…๋ฆฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘๋ฒˆ ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:20
then that means, by inference, it has occurred a staggering number of times
243
920000
4000
๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด 137์–ต๋…„์ด๋‚˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์šฐ์ฃผ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์—์„œ
15:24
throughout the universe and its 13.7 billion year history.
244
924000
5000
๋ช‡๋ฒˆ์ด๋ผ๋„ ์ƒ๋ช…์€ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ถ”๋ก ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:29
Right now, Earth is the only planet still that we know is teeming with life.
245
929000
4000
ํ˜„์žฌ๋กœ์„œ๋Š” ์˜ค์ง ์ง€๊ตฌ๋งŒ์ด ์œ ์ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๋ช…์„ ํ’ˆ์€ ํ–‰์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:33
It is precious, it is unique,
246
933000
3000
์†Œ์ค‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋˜ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”.
15:36
it is still, so far, the only home we've ever known.
247
936000
3000
ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ๊ณ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ํ„ฐ์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:39
And if any of you were alert and coherent during the 1960s --
248
939000
7000
1960๋…„๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒช์–ด๋ณด์‹  ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
15:46
and we'd forgive you, if you weren't, OK --
249
946000
2000
๊ฒช์–ด๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜์…จ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ƒ๊ด€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ,
15:48
you would remember this very famous picture
250
948000
2000
์•„ํด๋กœ 8ํ˜ธ์˜ ์Šน๋ฌด์›์ด ์ฐ์€
15:50
taken by the Apollo 8 astronauts in 1968.
251
950000
4000
์ด ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹ค๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:54
It was the first time that Earth was imaged from space,
252
954000
3000
์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ ์ดฌ์˜๋œ ์ง€๊ตฌ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์ด๋ฉฐ
15:57
and it had an enormous impact on our sense of place in the universe,
253
957000
3000
์šฐ์ฃผ์—์„œ์˜ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์œ„์น˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ƒ๊ฐ๊ณผ
16:00
and our sense of responsibility for the protection of our own planet.
254
960000
5000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฑ…์ž„๊ฐ์— ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ์ฃผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:05
Well, we on Cassini have taken an equivalent first,
255
965000
4000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์นด์‹œ๋‹ˆ ํƒ์‚ฌ์„ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด
16:09
a picture that no human eye has ever seen before.
256
969000
4000
์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ๋„ ์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ณด์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ณณ์˜ ์‚ฌ์ง„์„ ์ฐ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:13
It is a total eclipse of the Sun, seen from the other side of Saturn.
257
973000
4000
์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ํ† ์„ฑ์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€ํŽธ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณธ ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ๊ฐœ๊ธฐ์ผ์‹์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:17
And in this impossibly beautiful picture,
258
977000
4000
๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์žฅ๋ฉด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:21
you see the main rings backlit by the Sun,
259
981000
2000
๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํƒœ์–‘์„ ๋“ฑ์ง„ ์ฑ„ ๋น›๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
16:23
you see the refracted image of the Sun
260
983000
3000
๊ตด์ ˆ๋œ ํƒœ์–‘์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:26
and you see this ring created, in fact,
261
986000
2000
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์—”์…€๋ผ๋‘์Šค์˜ ๋ถ„์ถœ์— ์˜ํ•ด
16:28
by the exhalations of Enceladus.
262
988000
3000
์ด ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:31
But as if that weren't brilliant enough, we can spot, in this beautiful image,
263
991000
6000
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ์ •๋„๋กœ๋Š” ์ถฉ๋ถ„์น˜ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๋“ฏํ•œ, ์ด ์•„๋ฆ„๋‹ค์šด ์‚ฌ์ง„์— ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ•ด ์ฃผ์‹ญ์‹œ์š”.
16:37
sight of our own planet,
264
997000
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰์„ฑ์ด ๋ณด์ด๊ณ 
16:39
cradled in the arms of Saturn's rings.
265
999000
4000
ํ† ์„ฑ ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํŒ” ์•ˆ์— ์•ˆ๊ฒจ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:43
Now, there is something deeply moving
266
1003000
2000
์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์„ ์•„๋“ํžˆ ๋จผ ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๋Š”๊ฒƒ์€
16:45
about seeing ourselves from afar,
267
1005000
2000
๊นŠ์€ ๊ฐ๋™์„ ์•ˆ๊ฒจ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:47
and capturing the sight of our little, blue-ocean planet
268
1007000
3000
ํ‘ธ๋ฅธ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋กœ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ธ์ธ ์ž‘์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ํ–‰์„ฑ์„
16:50
in the skies of other worlds.
269
1010000
2000
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํ•˜๋Š˜์—์„œ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:52
And that, and the perspective of ourselves that we gain from that,
270
1012000
4000
๊ทธ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์–ป์–ด๋‚ธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์ ์ด์•ผ๋ง๋กœ
16:56
may be, in the end, the finest reward that we earn
271
1016000
4000
์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋ฐ˜์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ „ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ ํƒ์‚ฌ ์—ฌํ–‰์—์„œ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜
17:00
from this journey of discovery that started half a century ago.
272
1020000
3000
๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์„ ๋ฌผ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:03
And thank you very much.
273
1023000
2000
๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:05
(Applause)
274
1025000
12000
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)

Original video on YouTube.com
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7